There are often challenges in ensuring all relevant stakeholders are meaningfully engaged throughout the implementation research process. Effective partnerships require ongoing communication and finding the right roles for all parties.
This presentation, presented to senior thesis students at UC Berkeley, reviews the uses of qualitative research methods such as ethnography in public health, walking students through methods, sampling, ensuring rigor, and analysis with CAQDAS software such as Atlas.ti
The scientific study of methods to promote the systematic uptake of research findings and other evidence-based practices into routine practice and hence improve the quality and effectiveness of health services
This presentation, presented to senior thesis students at UC Berkeley, reviews the uses of qualitative research methods such as ethnography in public health, walking students through methods, sampling, ensuring rigor, and analysis with CAQDAS software such as Atlas.ti
The scientific study of methods to promote the systematic uptake of research findings and other evidence-based practices into routine practice and hence improve the quality and effectiveness of health services
The Basics of Monitoring, Evaluation and Supervision of Health Services in NepalDeepak Karki
This presentation has made to health workers who have more than two decades of experience of managing/implementing public health programs in Nepal, especially at district level and below.
Criteria for proper selection of Study area, Population and Sample.pptxJagat Upadhyay
This presentation is prepared as part of the Course assignment of " APHR 524: "Advance Public Health Research" for the Master's Degree of Public Health (MPH), Pokhara University and can be used as reference materials for Criteria for proper selection of Study area, Population and Sample
The Basics of Monitoring, Evaluation and Supervision of Health Services in NepalDeepak Karki
This presentation has made to health workers who have more than two decades of experience of managing/implementing public health programs in Nepal, especially at district level and below.
Criteria for proper selection of Study area, Population and Sample.pptxJagat Upadhyay
This presentation is prepared as part of the Course assignment of " APHR 524: "Advance Public Health Research" for the Master's Degree of Public Health (MPH), Pokhara University and can be used as reference materials for Criteria for proper selection of Study area, Population and Sample
Professor Elizabeth Waters, Coordinating Editor of the Cochrane Public Health Review Group & Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne
UCSF CTSI Implementation Science Training and Support: Activities and Impacts UCLA CTSI
Dr. Margaret Handley (UCSF) provides the learning goals for this webinar, which are the following: 1) Understand Background ideas that informs the UCSF Implementation Science Training Program, 2) identify components of the conceptual model for Implementation science have been applied to course development, and 3) understand variations of learner experience, ranging from curriculum and examples of completed work.
For more information and to see other dissemination and implementation content, please visit: http://ctsi.ucla.edu/patients-community/pages/dissemination_implementation_improvement
Presentation is about the uniqueness of Implementation Research and Role of the Government, specially in Indian context of health programme implementation.
Using Case-based Methods for Evaluating Complexity in the Health SectorJSI
Anne LaFond presented as part of a panel at the 2015 Evaluation Conference on using case-based methods for evaluating complexity in the health sector, sharing insights from various JSI case studies.
Planning the Evaluation
Impact models
Types of inference and choice of design
Defining the indicators and obtaining the data
Carrying out the evaluation
Disseminating evaluation findings
Working in large-scale evaluations
Vicky Scott: Implementing research into practiceTHL
Presentation by Dr Vicky Scott, Clinical Associate Professor, RN, PhD, Canada, BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Ministry of Health, Canada at at Safety 2016 World Conference, 18-21 September 2016, Tampere, Finland
#Safety2016FIN
A presentation to the Health Psychology in Public Health Network annual on practical, policy and research challenges in applying research to public health practice
The fourth webinar picks-up directly from the third session, focusing on the next key step to inform implementation initiatives: identifying barriers and enablers to implementation.
READ MORE: http://bit.ly/2kIxtQo
Graham Brown (Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society) discusses the importance of maintaining a strong evidence base for health promotion.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
3. The current situation )
• Billions of dollars invested in developing effective
interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality, but many
are never brought to scale
• Two-thirds of child mortality could be reduced by scaling
up existing evidence-based interventions
• Figuring out how to scale up such interventions is
consistently listed as a top priority during MCH
prioritization exercises
• The science of scaling up to optimize the effectiveness of
interventions gaining increasing visibility and traction
4. Many programs and interventions could save lives, but their potential
has never been met…
The Copenhagen Consensus 2012: panel of economists
including four Nobel laureates identified smartest ways to
allocate money to respond to world’s biggest challenges
Top 5:
1. Bundled micronutrient interventions to fight hunger
and improve education
2. Expanding the subsidy for malaria combination
treatment
3. Expanded childhood immunization coverage
4. Deworming of schoolchildren, to improve educational
and health outcomes
5. Expanding tuberculosis treatment
5. Implementation Research: bridging the “know-do gap”
• IR seeks to determine the best ways to implement evidence-based
interventions in real world settings
• IR seeks to optimize programs that are currently not achieving adequate
coverage or quality
Public Health Knowledge
(what we know)
Public Health Practice
(what we do)
Implementation
Research
6. Remme JHF, Adam T, Becerra-Posada F, D’Arcangues C, Devlin M, et al. (2010) Defining Research to Improve Health Systems. PLoS Med 7(11): e1001000.
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001000
8. What is focus of implementation research?
• Identifying implementation problems or barriers
• Understanding factors that help or hinder access to health
interventions
• Developing and testing solutions to implementation barriers
• Determining the best way to introduce new intervention
9. Unique features of implementation research
• Done in real world rather than controlled settings
▫ Real world settings with existing staff, facilities, and budgets
▫ Real world populations rather than select sub-groups
• Focus on context
▫ Political, social, economic, cultural
▫ Existing health care system and network of stakeholders
• Central role of stakeholders and end-users
▫ Health managers, policy makers
▫ Involved closely in setting agenda
▫ Goal of efforts is to help them, not publish papers
10. Formulating IR Questions
Consider where the intervention falls on
the intervention “spectrum”
(e.g. what is the goal of the intervention?)
12. Real-life
Effective-
ness
Replication
Sustain-
ability
Common
practice at
scale
1.) Under what conditions does the program
work?
2.) Is the tool, intervention, or strategy worth
it? Is it cost-effective?
3.) Does the program achieve the intended
public health impact?
1.) Why don’t tested programs work when
transferred to new settings or work in some
new settings and not others?
2.) How can implementation be improved to
assure reliability?
13. TRAction Experience
• Convened advisory group to consider TRAction agenda
• Gathered existing data and determine gaps in the evidence within
each focus area
• Craft request for proposal or engage USAID Missions with
particular needs
• Select projects to fund
• Engage sub-awardees to give feedback throughout, this includes
technical support from TRAction team, TAG inputs
14. TRAction Examples: Disrespect & Abuse during
Facility-based Childbirth
RFA Objectives Research Questions Methods
1. Identify the
manifestations and
causes of D&A
2. Design, implement,
monitor an approach to
reduce D&A
3. Evaluate the impact of
the intervention(s) D&A
4. Develop plans for
adoption of
intervention(s) in
regular use.
What are the types and
prevalence of D&A?
How do we ensure appropriate
program design and enable
success in this context?
What are the core elements of
the intervention that make it
effective and so are needed for
implementation at scale?
Did the intervention achieve its
intended impact?
• Baseline assessment to determine
prevalence and determinants of
disrespect and abuse of women
during childbirth.
• Intervention design, based on
baseline assessment and
stakeholder input.
• Program implementation, with
continuous monitoring to identify
necessary adaptations to the
• Impact assessment to evaluate the
effect of the intervention on D&A
and on women's use of facilities for
childbirth. program design.
15. Disrespect & Abuse during facility-based
delivery
No previous
estimates of
prevalence; had to
start with
measurement of
the problem
Basic
Science
(Epi)
Real-life
effective-
ness
Equit-
ability
Program
integration
Replica-
tion
Sustain-
ability
Common
practice at
scale
Interventions being tested
•Training on health rights and law
•Influence on implementation of maternal health bill
•Values and attitudes clarification training
•Maternity open days
•Strengthen Health Facility Management Committee
•Community dialogue forums
•Training on health rights and law
•Encouraging male partner participation
16. TRAction Example: Taskshifting in C-Sections
RFA Objectives Research Questions Methods
Gather evidence on:
•Deployment of community health
workers to provide uterotonics
during the third stage of labor;
•Deployment of community health
workers to treat neonatal sepsis
with antibiotics; and
•Deployment of nurses, nurse
midwives, or other non-physician
clinicians to
•Perform caesarean sections in
areas where physicians are not
available.
What are the core barriers
and challenges for lack of
success in scaling-up the use
of task shifting to increase
access to caesarean deliveries
(Zambia, Kenya, Tanzania,
Malawi)?
How can scale-up of task
shifting for access to
caesarean deliveries be
facilitated?
Case study approach
•Systematic literature review
•Document collection
•Timeline
•Formative research
•Domain selection (based on
WHO’s Optimizing Health
Worker Roles…”)
•Qualitative data collection
(IDIs)
•Realist evaluation
17. • The research looks at how to replicate experiences from other contexts
(e.g. Mozambique), sustain and scale-up taskshifting for c-sections
Real-life
effective-
ness
Equitability
Program
integration
Replication
Sustain-
ability
Common
practice at
scale
TRAction Example: Taskshifting in C-Sections
19. What to do after the research is done?
• “A new way of thinking is needed about the relationship between
knowledge translation and implementation research. Emphases
must be placed not only on the production of implementation
research, but also on the uptake and use of its results…” – WHO
platform on IR
20. Dissemination
• Need to understand audience for information
dissemination
• Determine the best methods of dissemination
▫ What products are needed?
▫ What are the spaces in which we can share this
information?
▫ Are their communities of practice in which the
information can be further disseminated?
22. Question: Partnership Challenges
• Who should be involved during each step of the process?
▫ Issue identification
▫ Research question development
▫ Methods/approaches development
▫ Data collection/analysis
▫ Dissemination
Editor's Notes
IR asks: “What is happening in the design, implementation, administration, operation, services and outcomes of social programs? Is it expected or desired? And why is it happening as it is?” IR asks the “how” and “why” questions…(Werner 2006, A Guide to Implementation Research)
Fill in examples from TRAction to highlight the process
Africa Network for Associate Clinicians (ANAC)Chainama College of Health ServicesACNM