This document summarizes a student project analyzing the impacts of a proposed mass rapid transit system (MRTS) on land use in Patna, India. The project aims to investigate the anticipated impacts of the MRTS on land use, mobility, and spatial development in its study area. It involves a literature review on transportation systems and transit-oriented development. The methodology includes case studies of other MRTS projects, analyzing impacts on the study area, and providing recommendations. Key findings from a case study of Dum Dum station in Kolkata include changes in land value and density around the station. The project proposes a land use plan and recommendations for transit-oriented development around the AIIMS station in Patna to maximize benefits.

1. IMPACTS OF
MASS RAPID TRANSIT
SYSTEM
ON LAND USE IN PATNA
Guided by :
PROF. ANJALI SHARMA
Presented by : Archit Nishant 1630005 MURP
(SEM IV)
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
PATNA

2. BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
Bihar is the fastest growing state with growth rate of 17 % and is still in
the developing stage . Patna is also city where MRTS is recently
proposed. Patna is also a metropolitan city with lots of regional
developments and in future regional connectivity is important. The
proposed MRTS will also affects the growth and development of Patna
along with the change in land use around the proposed metro corridor

3. Patna : Masterplan

4. Patna metro : Proposed map

5. JUSTIFICATION
OF THE
PROJECT
WHAT WILL
BE ITS
IMPACT ON
TRAFFIC?
WHAT WILL
BE ITS
IMPACT ON
LAND USE?
WHAT KIND
OF
DEVELOPMEN
T WILL IT
INVOLVE?
HOW WILL IT
HELP TO
MAXIMISE ITS
BENEFIT TO
PEOPLE?HOW MUCH
DISTANCE
WILL IT
IMPACTS ON
LAND USE?
WHAT WILL
BE ITS
IMPACT ON
STATION SIDE
BUILDINGS?
WHAT WILL BE
ITS IMPACT ON
DIFFERENT
INCOME
GROUPS?
HOW WILL IT
IMPACT THE
ECONOMY,
ENVIRONMEN
T, PEOPLE
TRAFFIC?

6. STUDY AREA
Phase 2
AIIMS

7. IMPACT ON LAND
USE
IMPACT ON
MOBILITY
IMPACT ON
SPATIAL
DEVELOPEMENT
AIM
The broad aim of the study is to investigate the
anticipated impacts of proposed MRTS in Patna on its
land use, mobility and spatial development.
AIM

8. • To develope the land use
plan proposal for this
strech
• To study traffic problem
in Patna
• To study the concept of
TOD and MRTS
• To analyse and anticipate
impact on the land use
along the proposed
metro corridor that
extends from dak
bungalow to 0 mile via
ashok raj path
• To study master paln of
Patna
OBJECTIVE

9. SCOPE OF WORK
• It will study the impact of a Transit Project on land
component of the area as land is the most important
component of any development.
• It will provide the development strategies involved in
anticipation of the MRTS in the stretch form.
• Study will be based on Primary surveys like personal
interviews, observation/reconnaissance survey, walk
along the corridor & Secondary sources of information ‘s
like master plans, zonal development plans, literature
studies and case studies which may have limitations
regarding to accuracy.

10. METHODOLOGY
In order to achieve the objectives
stated the study will include the
following sequential stages
• To understand issues and
potentials of transportation
systems in India and globally
through literature studies.
• To understand the characteristics
of TOD and its impact of various
aspects related to land.
• Detailed investigation of the
study area for better
understanding of the
development happened in the
study area.
• Case studies of various projects
related to MRTS.
• Analyzing the impacts of the TOD
project on the study area using
study parameters.
• Finding inferences and giving
recommendations for future
proposals.

11.  LIMITATIONS
Survey limitation- visual observation, & questionnaire & estimation.
The study will be based on Satellite data available.
The study will be limited to the stretch of selected metro corridor.
 RECOMMENDATIONS
PROPOSAL OF LANDUSE PLAN According to TOD Guidelines.

12. Case Study
1 ) Kolkata Metro
2) Delhi Metro

13. Kolkata Metro

14. Kolkata Metro
 Kolkata MRTS being the oldest metro of
India is the best case for the study of
changes occurred.
 The Line 1, also known as North–South
Metro of the Kolkata Metro is a rapid
transit system serving Kolkata, South 24
Parganas and North 24 Parganas in
Indian state of West Bengal.
 It consists of 23stations from Kavi
Subhash to Dum Dum, of which 6 are
elevated, 2 are at grade and the
remaining 15 are underground, with a
total distance of 25.30 km.
 It was the first underground railway to
be built in India, with the first
operations commencing in October,
1984 and the full stretch that was
initially planned being operational by
February 1995. On 28 December 2010.

15. Kolkata Metro : Features

16. Kolkata Metro : Transformation
around station

17. Kolkata Metro : Dum Dum
Station  The Dum Dum metro station
area is located in the northern
end of the city of Kolkata
corporation area and at the
periphery of South Dum Dum
municipality.
 Three important railway lines
Bongaon, Ranaghat and Dankuni
meets here. The principal
movement of traffic happens on
the Dum Dum road which faces a
perennial congestion problem.
 Dum Dum has a distinct nodal
role in the overall development
of the CMD.
 The major street near Dum Dum
metro station is majorly
commercial with secondary
streets shows mixed land use. No
major CBD area is located near

18. Kolkata Metro : Dum Dum Station
land use distribution

19. Kolkata Metro :Dum Dum Station
Impact on land value
F.A.R & Density

20. Kolkata Metro : Dum Dum Station
Findings

21. Delhi Metro

22. Delhi Metro : Overview
 Total four phases, first phase
complete.
 Total length of first phase 50
km
 Total cost of first phase
25550 million
 Cost per Km of first phase
511 million rupees per km
 Total length of full system
167 km
 Total capital cost of full
system : 53775 million
 Return Expected from
Property Development : Rs
1533 million

23. Delhi Metro : Overview

24. Delhi Metro : Route Map

25. Delhi : landuse map

26. Delhi : landuse

27. Delhi : Study
Area
Characteristics
5.2.4 Characteristics of the study area
The extension of the Blue Line Metro from Yamuna Bank to Anand Vihar Metro Station has been sanctioned in the
year 2006 and it got completed in the year 2010.
This section is operating since 6 january 2010.
The section is an elevated section and run aligned with the major road which connect trans-Yamuna to the central
delhi.
The total length of this section is 6.25 kms. With 5 stations namely Yamuna bank, Lakshmi Nagar, Nirman Vihar, Preet
Vihar, Karkardooma and Anand Vihar.
The population density of this zone is 266 ppha, which is very much higher as compared to the population density of
Delhi 113 ppha.
With increase in time this area is rapidly and haphazardly growing due to good connectivity with central Delhi.

28. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Land Use

29. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Building Height

30. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Building Height

31. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Building Height

32. Data Analysis Landuse
AIIMS
AIIMS is a majorly healthcare centre area in Phulwarisharif. Most of the government
buildings like Post office, Fire station, CFE Head Office are located in this area. A shopping
mall is also located in this area as a recreational hub. This area is having variety of land
uses

33. Data Analysis Passenger Survey

34. Data Analysis Passenger Survey

35. Data Analysis Passenger Survey

36. Data Analysis Passenger Survey

37. Data Analysis Passenger Survey
Findings
AIIMS region is an undeveloped area where
proposal for transit orient development can be
more effective .
Maximum population living there has an
experience of metro riding
As per survey maximum 4 wheeler owners are
there which shows population there are
economically stable
The population is envolved in mixed
occupation majorly are working class
The population around the region are very
much willing to shift from there mode of
transport to metro.

38. Data Analysis Passenger Survey
Mode Existing(2018) 2021 2031 2041
2 wheeler 42.2% 40.4% 30.26% 20.22%
Car 13.87% 12.5% 11.4% 10.2%
Bus 8.80% 8% 4.3% 2%
Walk 21% 20.6% 12.3% 5.45%
Bicycle 1.6% 1.2% .5% 0%
Metro 0% 15% 25% 50%
Figure 29: Mode share Projection(2018-2041)
Year Population
Existing (2018) 81,740
2021 97,355
2031 1,49,405
2041 2,01,455
Figure 29: Population Projection(2018-2041)

39. Data Analysis Passenger Survey
Year Population Trip/Day
(T)
2018 81,740 1,47,132
2021 97,355 1,75,239
2031 1,49,405 2,68,929
2041 2,01,455 3,62,619
Year Metro Mode
Share
Trip/Day
(T)
Ridership
2018 0% 1,47,132 0
2021 15% 1,75,239 26285.85
2031 25% 2,68,929 67232.25
2041 50% 3,62,619 181309.50
Calculating Ridership of
different year
for metro
Calculating Ridership :
Ridership = Trips/Day *
Metro Mode share
Finding Trip/Day for different
years
Calculating Trip per Day:
Trip frequency/No.of working
Days * Population * 2 = Trips/Day

40. Data Analysis Conclusion
Conclusion from Data Analysis
Demad of MRTS is increasing in Mid Size Cities.
Population Density will increase with increase in Ridership.
TOD is required for development of such area.
Land use Change will be seen around the transit corridor/
Improvement in Urban Transport system is required.
With Increase in Population Pressure on Transport system will be seen and to
counter such problem MRTS is justified .

41. Proposal
Study Area-AIIMS
AIIMS

42. What is Transit Oriented
Development?
• Transit Oriented Development is essentially any development – be it macro
or micro scale – that induces people to prefer the use of public transit.
• “Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) is compact, mixed use development near
new or existing public transportation infrastructure that provides housing,
employment, entertainment and civic functions within walking distance of transit.
• The pedestrian-oriented design features of TODs encourages residents and
workers to drive their cars less and ride public transit more.
• Transit Oriented Development can be a significant source of non-farebox revenue
the participating transit agency.
Definition Source: APTA
http://www.apta.com/research/info/briefings/briefing_8.cfm

43. TOD : Component, Principle,Influence
zone
C
O
M
P
O
N
E
N
T
P
R
I
N
C
I
P
L
E
I
N
F
L
U
E
N
C
E

44. TOD : Design Principles
TOD

45. TOD : Advantages & Disadvantages
Advantage of TOD
• It increases ridership / public transport
• It increases revenues to Government.
• It reduces automobile usage
• It reduces the volume of vehicles
• It reduces congestion on the road
• It offers a wide variety of housing/residential houses.
Disadvantage of TOD
• Delays due to many stops hence increases travel time
• Over crowding of passagers
• Public transport is expensive
• Higher level of crime (Dittmar & Poticha, 2004)
• Deterioration of livability values due to increased density
• Increase on real estate prices.
• Inconsistency in the time schedule (time table)

46. Study Area:comparative analysis
Impacts on Study Area TOD Principles Inference Proposal
Land Use The existing landuse
of the study area is
open green space
Mixed use use
development,
commercial
Scope of
development is high
in this area
High density low
rise, mised use ,
commercial
development
Building height
(FAR)
Existing Far is 2-2.5 Extra FAR can be
given for new
projectsdepend on
the density
We can densify the
area by vertical as
well as horizontal
developemnt
FAR 3.5-4
Around the transit
corridor and
gradually decrease
with increase in
distance from
station area
Accesibility NH 139 is the single
connecting road
Multi modal
integration
Need to enhance
the connectivity of
the study are with
the surrounding
area
Grid pattern road
connectivity with
pedestrian facilities
Land Value Open green space
has lesser land value
Increases with the
developement
Land value can be
increased through
TOD
High density
settlement and
provision of public
facilities leads to
increase in land
value.

47. P
r
o
p
o
s
a
l
A
I
I
M
S

48. Patna existing and proposed Landuse map
AIIM
S
AIIM
S
• Landuse around 500 m
of the study area
• Change of land use
from open space to
mixed , commercial and
residential .
• Proposed Landuse has a
significant impact of
MRTS
• It also justifies the TOD
principles
Existing Landuse Map
Proposed Landuse Map – Patna Master Plan 2031

49. Proposed Typical Road Section
Typical Road Section for
proposed 45m road

50. Recommendation
• Integration of high density mixed use around all nodes of rapid system and orientation towards
pedestrian.
• High density low rise building structures should be encouraged.
• Mixed use development should be encouraged to provide more choices for the people.
• To encourage mix use in the station area, no informal shops should be encouraged.
• Good accessibility and non-motorized transport should be encouraged to overcome chaos.
• Pedestrian amenities such as attractive landscaping, continuous and paved sidewalks should be
provided.
• Public open spaces and plazas should be encouraged.
• Service road with parking should be given along metro corridor.
• Planned spaces for informal bazaar around metro stations.
• Provision of redevelopment schemes in the zonal development plan considering the future
development.

51. Conclusion
• There is no mention of bye laws regarding the kind of development, density along the metro corridor in
master plans.
• In existing plan, development controls has no consideration given for high rise development along the
Metro corridor, which is required to redevelop the areas around the Metro station.
• The considerations of open areas are not taken by the development authorities.
• There is no parking space available except metro station parking.
• The physical range of impact varies around different stations (from 500m to 1.5 Km around); however
the impact seems to be more at the terminal stations.
• The preferred type of land use immediately around the station nodes is that of mixed use development.
• These points should be considered in the master plan before suggesting any transit corridor in any
particular area.
• The methodology of this study will also help in assessing impacts of MRTS on other important
parameters like socio-economy, demography, environmental, etc.
• This study will help the policy planner to access the impact of MRTS on Urban Land parameters from this
real life case study and formulate future plans for similar future projects.