Currently Muscat the capital city of Oman is suffering from many traffic and transported related problems. Some of the serious concerns are high vehicle ownerships, low occupancy in personalized vehicles and poor patronization towards public transportation systems. Ruwi is the City center and a major Central Business District in Muscat. More than one million commuters daily visit Ruwi City center for their day to day business. The common transportation related problems often reported by the citizens at Ruwi CBD, are traffic congestion, over speeding of vehicles, inadequacy of parking places and pedestrian safety. All such problems can be eliminated by providing efficient public transportation system by restricting the entry of personal vehicles and para transit. In this technical paper, panning and designing of public transit facility by metro transport facility is attempted by capturing land use and travel information of daily commuters at Ruwi CBD area. An extensive literature review is carried for establishing the bench marking while planning metro transit system. For this the CBD area is cordoned and divided into traffic analysis zones based on the land use characteristics. Travel information of the commuter is estimated through interviewing them at the CBD entry gateway points and work locations. Land use characteristics are captured through reconnaissance of the area and random inspection of land parcels. Land use Information captured through the Google images and physical verification of data of the selected sample land parcels helped in estimation and characterization of the land use. Questionnaire survey at the activity centers helped in estimation of total trips attracted by the land uses. Travel characteristics, derived through the personal interviews of the commuters, facilitated for the estimation of total trips. Trip factors for different land uses are derived. Total trips generated are quantified and is used in planning of Metro Transit facility at the Ruwi city center. Commuter circulation pattern for the metro transit is also scheduled. Also it is proposed to carry extensive literature for establishing bench mark while planning the transit system.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications.
Analysis of Saturated Intersection towards Volume Capacity in the section of ...inventionjournals
The purpose of this study to analyze the saturation level of the intersections, given the level of congestion on the tolerance within 0, 5-1 km, takes 15-30 minutes in the mornings and afternoons .Some suggested recommendations based on observational studies, while the need to get a decision strategic and as the foundation of permanent and long-term nature of 10-20 years. Through the concept of Management of Transport Demand, integrated concept between the infrastructure according to volume ratio and capacity ideal, so avoid the congestion and accidents, also can meet market demand by customers in every segment of transport demand for transportation services of all things: Quality of Service .Also created: their steady flows, are free to choose the speed, ease of access and movement / mobility, free of cost / efficiency in fuel costs due to traffic jams and accident-free facilities and infrastructure reasons not support the Transport network.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications.
Analysis of Saturated Intersection towards Volume Capacity in the section of ...inventionjournals
The purpose of this study to analyze the saturation level of the intersections, given the level of congestion on the tolerance within 0, 5-1 km, takes 15-30 minutes in the mornings and afternoons .Some suggested recommendations based on observational studies, while the need to get a decision strategic and as the foundation of permanent and long-term nature of 10-20 years. Through the concept of Management of Transport Demand, integrated concept between the infrastructure according to volume ratio and capacity ideal, so avoid the congestion and accidents, also can meet market demand by customers in every segment of transport demand for transportation services of all things: Quality of Service .Also created: their steady flows, are free to choose the speed, ease of access and movement / mobility, free of cost / efficiency in fuel costs due to traffic jams and accident-free facilities and infrastructure reasons not support the Transport network.
THE INFLUENCE OF LAND USE AND TRAFFIC FLOW TO THE PERFORMANCE OF THE ROAD C...IAEME Publication
This paper presents the results of a study of roads performance which is influenced by existing traffic flow and land use along the roads corridors. A model approachto know the influence of traffic flow and land use on the performance of thecorridors ofManado-Bitungin Indonesia,is using Structural EquationModeling (SEM). The results of the study showed that the performance of the corridor of the road Manado-BitungModel with the approach of SEMis the model fit based on the criteria of Goodness of Fit (GoF). Aspect of traffic flow and land use provide the greatest impact on the performance of the corridor roads of Manado-Bitungwith value of 0.591 and 0.400 respectively. Meanwhile, the transportation systemand transportation users did not give any direct impact to the performance of the corridor.On the other hand, transportation system gave the direct impact to transportation users (0.657), the land use give direct impact to the traffic flow (0.644)and the transportation users in fact gave direct impact to the traffic flow (0.181).
Large cities in developing countries are characterized by growth in automobile ownership, insufficient
transportation infrastructure and service development. These cities often suffer from congestion, poor mobility
and accessibility, significant economic waste, adverse environmental impact and safety problems. This paper
focuses on identification of travel time characteristics and other traffic parameters and to develop a predictive
model for travel time on Akure major roads. Data on travel time were collected for vehicles during the morning
and evening peak periods using floating car technique. The data was analyzed using Statistical Packages for
Social Sciences (SPSS) and fitted into Multiple Regression model to establish a relationship between the
Travel Time and other road traffic parameters. Travel time (Tt) was modeled as a function of section length
(X1), number of intersections (X2), pedestrian/ economic activities (X3), Traffic volume (X4), enforcement
agency (X5) and road width (X6). The Coefficient of multiple determination R2 was 0.702 which means that
there is 70.2% of the dependent variable (travel time) in the forward direction as explained (accounted) by the
independent variables and 72.2% in the opposite direction. The result revealed that section length, pedestrian
economic activity and traffic volume were all significant at 5% level and has a positive relationship with travel
time in both forward and reverse direction. The model identifies the impact of these traffic parameters on travel
time and recommend measures for improvement.
The Prediction of Optimal Route of City Transportation Based on Passenger Occ...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Currently, the existence of city transport is increasingly eliminated by private vehicles such as
cars and motorcycles. This situation is further exacerbated by the behavior of city transport drivers who are
less discipline in driving, or in picking up and dropping off their passengers. The bad behavior is partly
caused by the low level of passenger occupancy. The drivers try to search for passengers as much as
possible but often ignore the traffic rules. To overcome this problem, an optimal transport route with high
passenger potential is required. Therefore, this study investigated the optimal route of city transport based
on the passenger occupancy rate in the city of Bandung as the case study. The method employed for
determining the optimal route is Genetic algorithm combined with Ordinary Kriging method used for the
process of passenger prediction and fitness calculation. The optimal routes are those with higher
occupancy rate. The analysis results showed that the use of the Genetic algorithm with a low number of
generations succeed in creating new optimal routes even though the increase is not too high the maximum
only reaches 4%.This result is certainly important enough to be used in making better public transport
routes.
Traffic State Estimation and Prediction under Heterogeneous Traffic ConditionsIDES Editor
The recent economic growth in developing countries
like India has resulted in an intense increase of vehicle
ownership and use, as witnessed by severe traffic congestion
and bottlenecks during peak hours in most of the metropolitan
cities. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) aim to reduce
traffic congestion by adopting various strategies such as
providing pre-trip and en-route traffic information thereby
reducing demand, adaptive signal control for area wide
optimization of traffic flow, etc. The successful deployment
and the reliability of these systems largely depend on the
accurate estimation of the current traffic state and quick and
reliable prediction to future time steps. At a macroscopic level,
this involves the prediction of fundamental traffic stream
parameters which include speed, density and flow in spacetime
domain. The complexity of prediction is enhanced by
heterogeneous traffic conditions as prevailing in India due to
less lane discipline and complex interactions among different
vehicle types. Also, there is no exclusive traffic flow model for
heterogeneous traffic conditions which can characterize the
traffic stream at a macroscopic level. Hence, the present study
tries to explore the applicability of an existing macroscopic
model, namely the Lighthill-Whitham-Richards (LWR) model,
for short term prediction of traffic flow in a busy arterial in
the city of Chennai, India, under heterogeneous traffic
conditions. Both linear and exponential speed-density
relations were considered and incorporated into the
macroscopic model. The resulting partial differential
equations are solved numerically and the results are found to
be encouraging. This model can ultimately be helpful for the
implementation of ATIS/ATMS applications under
heterogeneous traffic environment.
Performance of Urban Transit in JordanIJERA Editor
Urban public transit has essential and active role for sustainable and balanced socio-economic and
environmental development. This study investigated the performance of urban public transit services in three
major cities in Jordan, including Amman, Irbid, and Zarqa. Accessibility, mobility, productivity, punctuality,
waiting time and comfort of public transit were investigated in the study. Data were obtained from Land
Transport RegulatoryCommission of Jordan, municipalities, and field surveys.
The accessibility was found to be relatively low in Irbid and Amman city. Also, the results indicated that the
mobility and waiting time for public transit were found to be marginally comparable with that in developed
countries. In contrast, the productivity of public transit was very high compared with the productivity of transit
in developed countries. However, one-quarter of users’ rated the comfort inside public transit as poor. Thus,
enhancement of public transit service and introduction of new modes of transport are necessary to ease the
existed urban congestion levels
Public Transport Accessibility Index for Thiruvananthapuram Urban AreaIOSR Journals
Transportation planning is an important part in the development of a region. An effective transport
system and associated urban forms will improve the economic and social opportunities. Accessibility and
mobility are the two main parameters which contribute to the effective transportation system. In this paper, the
accessibility to the public transportation system is identified for the selected study area with the help of an
indexing system. The sub-area in the region was thus graded based on their accessibility and the obtained
values are found to resemble the real world.
Accessibility, indexing system, public transport system, transport planning
DEFINING LOCAL CONCEPT OF URBAN RAIL STATION AREA DEVELOPMENT THROUGH BEST PR...civej
Basically, Rail-transit Oriented Development (ROD) is an integrated high density mixed use rail station
transit area development for improving accessibility to public transport, enhancing pedestrian friendly
environment as well as increasing urban mobility. Many developed countries have applied the concept of
ROD for generating the compact development of rail station area.
Best practices approach is a selective observation towards several cases with various contexts in order to
get generalization of related theories or concept on practices. In this approach, the study is oriented to
some reasons that make cases being successful. There are two basic components of best practices
approach, i.e. source site and target site. This research elaborated some cases in Japan rail station area
development as source sites for best practices. The finding from elaboration of source sites was brought as
a tool for analyzing the target sites, Jabodetabek rail station area.
The result shows different physical and cultural context between Japan and Indonesia cause the developed
countries concept of ROD cannot be fully applied as it is. It needs some adaptation to be applied in
Indonesia.
A Framework for Traffic Planning and Forecasting using Micro-Simulation Calib...ITIIIndustries
This paper presents the application of microsimulation for traffic planning and forecasting, and proposes a new framework to model complex traffic conditions by calibrating and adjusting traffic parameters of a microsimulation model. By using an open source micro-simulator package, TRANSIMS, in this study, animated and numerical results were produced and analysed. The framework of traffic model calibration was evaluated for its usefulness and practicality. Finally, we discuss future applications such as providing end users with real time traffic information through Intelligent Transport System (ITS) integration.
Determination of congestion charge for car users in cbd area of thiruvanantha...eSAT Journals
Abstract Congestion is a situation in which demand for road space exceeds supply and is characterized by slower speeds, longer trip times, higher transportation costs and increased vehicular queuing. Thiruvananthapuram, the capital city of Kerala, is the second largest and most populous city in the state.The roads and neighbourhoods of the city experiences more chronic congestion and serious crashes than ever before due to higher share of personalized transport and para-transit modes in traffic stream. The present study conducted in Central Business District (CBD) area of Thiruvananthapuram city. The periods of peak congestion in Thiruvananthapuram now last for 4 hours from 8.00 to 10.00 in the morning and from 4.00 to 6.00 in the evening. In this paper, an attempt has been made to assess the congestion level experienced on major road corridors of the city and to determine congestion charge for car users in Mahatma Gandhi Road, which is the most congested road corridor of Thiruvanathapuram city. The method used for the determination of optimal pricing is related to the point of pricing where the external costs are met by the revenue generated by the pricing level. Keywords: Congestion pricing, External costs of congestion, Travel time, Demand elasticity.
An increase in population has led to the growth of traffic in India. To ease the traffic situation in the country and make travel convenient for the people, the government has introduced the metro rail in many cities. It is a cheap mode of travel, which helps in reducing the energy consumption, is eco friendly, and is the reason behind the prevention of accidents. The modern design of metro coaches, the stylish appearance of metro stations, and superior comfort facilities are some of the reasons why metro is becoming popular in India. Ashwini Waghmare | Masarrat Khan | Maliha Tabassum | Vishaka Nagarkar | Prof. Tasneem Hasan | Imran Ahmed "Nagpur Metro Indicator" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30305.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/30305/nagpur-metro-indicator/ashwini-waghmare
Accessibility Analysis and Modeling in Public Transport Networks - A Raster b...Beniamino Murgante
Accessibility Analysis and Modeling in Public Transport Networks - A
Raster based Approach
Morten Fuglsang, - National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus
University and Aalborg University Copenhagen
Henning Sten Hansen - Aalborg University Copenhagen
Bernd Münier - National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus University
There are number of limitations for evaluating sustainability of any transportation
system. Huge research work and studies has been carried regarding sustainable
transportation and sustainability indicators. But the specific decision making
methodologies for sustainability evaluation aligned with sustainability of
transportation system is missing at present. Hence it is required to develop the
framework for assessment of sustainability in terms of performance measures
considering the prefixed goals for the purpose of planning. As a part of Multi Criteria
Decision Making process, the Multi Attribute Utility Technique based methodology is
adopted as the most suitable method. In this paper the sustainability index evaluation
is based on combination of individual performance measures is carried out using Multi
Attribute Utility Technique based methodology for emerging metropolitan city of
Nagpur. The results obtained can be conveniently used in sustainability evaluation
process for any corridor. It can also be utilized for comparing the results obtained
through the sustainability evaluation for different scenarios.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a peer reviewed online journal for professionals and researchers in the field of computer science. The main aim is to resolve emerging and outstanding problems revealed by recent social and technological change. IJRES provides the platform for the researchers to present and evaluate their work from both theoretical and technical aspects and to share their views.
Impact of New Public Transportation System in Nagpur CityIJERD Editor
Transport in Nagpur is important due to Nagpur's strategic location in a central India. It is a fast
growing metrocity and is the third most populous city in Maharashtra after Pune and Mumbai. also one of the
country's most industrialized cities.
Due to increase in population as well as transportation Nagpur mahanager palica NMPL company formed
which gives contract to Vansh Nimay Infraprojects (VNIL) to run city buses but due to increase in
transportation and increase in population in Nagpur city it found that there is a numerous problem face by city
buses to gave safe and efficient facility to public due to these public in Nagpur city were diverting towards the
private transportation. So there is immediately need to improve public transportation which can improve by Bus
Rapid Transit (BRT) system which is new transport system provide safety and mobility to road users.
In these projects we show the Impact of public transportation system such as Conjunction, Delay, Incident,
Increase traffic condition. For this various data of the existing public transportation (star bus ) is collected such
as accident data, Problem face by people, traffic data collection for how star bus face the problem and extra
time taken to reach destiny
Keyword:- Public transport network, Bus Rapid Transit system, safety, star bus, Conjunction.
Public transportation network, Intelligent Transportation system the timed management, schedule of city bus
with withdrawal to taken, discrete waiting and travelling times of city.
Conceptualizing Sustainable Transportation for City of Pune, IndiaIJERA Editor
Pune the second largest city of Maharashtra state of Indian union is witnessing large scale urban sprawl and its
negative ramifications in last couple of decades. Urban sprawl is defined as dispersed and discontinuous
suburban land development associated with low population densities and high auto dependence. This
phenomenon is adversely affecting sustainability of the city because of its negative environmental, social and
economic impacts. It saps local resources, destroys open space and farmland, and increases the energy
consumption of mobility by promoting long travel distances. Another problem is high levels of traffic
congestion and harmful emissions causing environmental pollution. There is a plethora of research that sought
to address the issue of urban sustainability and combat sprawl; little has been done on developing analytical
tools that could be used to assess the future of urban sustainability for Indian cities and for Pune in particular.
This paper explores that how particular land use development patterns or the expansion of the current urban
transportation infrastructure are likely to impact urban sustainability.
THE INFLUENCE OF LAND USE AND TRAFFIC FLOW TO THE PERFORMANCE OF THE ROAD C...IAEME Publication
This paper presents the results of a study of roads performance which is influenced by existing traffic flow and land use along the roads corridors. A model approachto know the influence of traffic flow and land use on the performance of thecorridors ofManado-Bitungin Indonesia,is using Structural EquationModeling (SEM). The results of the study showed that the performance of the corridor of the road Manado-BitungModel with the approach of SEMis the model fit based on the criteria of Goodness of Fit (GoF). Aspect of traffic flow and land use provide the greatest impact on the performance of the corridor roads of Manado-Bitungwith value of 0.591 and 0.400 respectively. Meanwhile, the transportation systemand transportation users did not give any direct impact to the performance of the corridor.On the other hand, transportation system gave the direct impact to transportation users (0.657), the land use give direct impact to the traffic flow (0.644)and the transportation users in fact gave direct impact to the traffic flow (0.181).
Large cities in developing countries are characterized by growth in automobile ownership, insufficient
transportation infrastructure and service development. These cities often suffer from congestion, poor mobility
and accessibility, significant economic waste, adverse environmental impact and safety problems. This paper
focuses on identification of travel time characteristics and other traffic parameters and to develop a predictive
model for travel time on Akure major roads. Data on travel time were collected for vehicles during the morning
and evening peak periods using floating car technique. The data was analyzed using Statistical Packages for
Social Sciences (SPSS) and fitted into Multiple Regression model to establish a relationship between the
Travel Time and other road traffic parameters. Travel time (Tt) was modeled as a function of section length
(X1), number of intersections (X2), pedestrian/ economic activities (X3), Traffic volume (X4), enforcement
agency (X5) and road width (X6). The Coefficient of multiple determination R2 was 0.702 which means that
there is 70.2% of the dependent variable (travel time) in the forward direction as explained (accounted) by the
independent variables and 72.2% in the opposite direction. The result revealed that section length, pedestrian
economic activity and traffic volume were all significant at 5% level and has a positive relationship with travel
time in both forward and reverse direction. The model identifies the impact of these traffic parameters on travel
time and recommend measures for improvement.
The Prediction of Optimal Route of City Transportation Based on Passenger Occ...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Currently, the existence of city transport is increasingly eliminated by private vehicles such as
cars and motorcycles. This situation is further exacerbated by the behavior of city transport drivers who are
less discipline in driving, or in picking up and dropping off their passengers. The bad behavior is partly
caused by the low level of passenger occupancy. The drivers try to search for passengers as much as
possible but often ignore the traffic rules. To overcome this problem, an optimal transport route with high
passenger potential is required. Therefore, this study investigated the optimal route of city transport based
on the passenger occupancy rate in the city of Bandung as the case study. The method employed for
determining the optimal route is Genetic algorithm combined with Ordinary Kriging method used for the
process of passenger prediction and fitness calculation. The optimal routes are those with higher
occupancy rate. The analysis results showed that the use of the Genetic algorithm with a low number of
generations succeed in creating new optimal routes even though the increase is not too high the maximum
only reaches 4%.This result is certainly important enough to be used in making better public transport
routes.
Traffic State Estimation and Prediction under Heterogeneous Traffic ConditionsIDES Editor
The recent economic growth in developing countries
like India has resulted in an intense increase of vehicle
ownership and use, as witnessed by severe traffic congestion
and bottlenecks during peak hours in most of the metropolitan
cities. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) aim to reduce
traffic congestion by adopting various strategies such as
providing pre-trip and en-route traffic information thereby
reducing demand, adaptive signal control for area wide
optimization of traffic flow, etc. The successful deployment
and the reliability of these systems largely depend on the
accurate estimation of the current traffic state and quick and
reliable prediction to future time steps. At a macroscopic level,
this involves the prediction of fundamental traffic stream
parameters which include speed, density and flow in spacetime
domain. The complexity of prediction is enhanced by
heterogeneous traffic conditions as prevailing in India due to
less lane discipline and complex interactions among different
vehicle types. Also, there is no exclusive traffic flow model for
heterogeneous traffic conditions which can characterize the
traffic stream at a macroscopic level. Hence, the present study
tries to explore the applicability of an existing macroscopic
model, namely the Lighthill-Whitham-Richards (LWR) model,
for short term prediction of traffic flow in a busy arterial in
the city of Chennai, India, under heterogeneous traffic
conditions. Both linear and exponential speed-density
relations were considered and incorporated into the
macroscopic model. The resulting partial differential
equations are solved numerically and the results are found to
be encouraging. This model can ultimately be helpful for the
implementation of ATIS/ATMS applications under
heterogeneous traffic environment.
Performance of Urban Transit in JordanIJERA Editor
Urban public transit has essential and active role for sustainable and balanced socio-economic and
environmental development. This study investigated the performance of urban public transit services in three
major cities in Jordan, including Amman, Irbid, and Zarqa. Accessibility, mobility, productivity, punctuality,
waiting time and comfort of public transit were investigated in the study. Data were obtained from Land
Transport RegulatoryCommission of Jordan, municipalities, and field surveys.
The accessibility was found to be relatively low in Irbid and Amman city. Also, the results indicated that the
mobility and waiting time for public transit were found to be marginally comparable with that in developed
countries. In contrast, the productivity of public transit was very high compared with the productivity of transit
in developed countries. However, one-quarter of users’ rated the comfort inside public transit as poor. Thus,
enhancement of public transit service and introduction of new modes of transport are necessary to ease the
existed urban congestion levels
Public Transport Accessibility Index for Thiruvananthapuram Urban AreaIOSR Journals
Transportation planning is an important part in the development of a region. An effective transport
system and associated urban forms will improve the economic and social opportunities. Accessibility and
mobility are the two main parameters which contribute to the effective transportation system. In this paper, the
accessibility to the public transportation system is identified for the selected study area with the help of an
indexing system. The sub-area in the region was thus graded based on their accessibility and the obtained
values are found to resemble the real world.
Accessibility, indexing system, public transport system, transport planning
DEFINING LOCAL CONCEPT OF URBAN RAIL STATION AREA DEVELOPMENT THROUGH BEST PR...civej
Basically, Rail-transit Oriented Development (ROD) is an integrated high density mixed use rail station
transit area development for improving accessibility to public transport, enhancing pedestrian friendly
environment as well as increasing urban mobility. Many developed countries have applied the concept of
ROD for generating the compact development of rail station area.
Best practices approach is a selective observation towards several cases with various contexts in order to
get generalization of related theories or concept on practices. In this approach, the study is oriented to
some reasons that make cases being successful. There are two basic components of best practices
approach, i.e. source site and target site. This research elaborated some cases in Japan rail station area
development as source sites for best practices. The finding from elaboration of source sites was brought as
a tool for analyzing the target sites, Jabodetabek rail station area.
The result shows different physical and cultural context between Japan and Indonesia cause the developed
countries concept of ROD cannot be fully applied as it is. It needs some adaptation to be applied in
Indonesia.
A Framework for Traffic Planning and Forecasting using Micro-Simulation Calib...ITIIIndustries
This paper presents the application of microsimulation for traffic planning and forecasting, and proposes a new framework to model complex traffic conditions by calibrating and adjusting traffic parameters of a microsimulation model. By using an open source micro-simulator package, TRANSIMS, in this study, animated and numerical results were produced and analysed. The framework of traffic model calibration was evaluated for its usefulness and practicality. Finally, we discuss future applications such as providing end users with real time traffic information through Intelligent Transport System (ITS) integration.
Determination of congestion charge for car users in cbd area of thiruvanantha...eSAT Journals
Abstract Congestion is a situation in which demand for road space exceeds supply and is characterized by slower speeds, longer trip times, higher transportation costs and increased vehicular queuing. Thiruvananthapuram, the capital city of Kerala, is the second largest and most populous city in the state.The roads and neighbourhoods of the city experiences more chronic congestion and serious crashes than ever before due to higher share of personalized transport and para-transit modes in traffic stream. The present study conducted in Central Business District (CBD) area of Thiruvananthapuram city. The periods of peak congestion in Thiruvananthapuram now last for 4 hours from 8.00 to 10.00 in the morning and from 4.00 to 6.00 in the evening. In this paper, an attempt has been made to assess the congestion level experienced on major road corridors of the city and to determine congestion charge for car users in Mahatma Gandhi Road, which is the most congested road corridor of Thiruvanathapuram city. The method used for the determination of optimal pricing is related to the point of pricing where the external costs are met by the revenue generated by the pricing level. Keywords: Congestion pricing, External costs of congestion, Travel time, Demand elasticity.
An increase in population has led to the growth of traffic in India. To ease the traffic situation in the country and make travel convenient for the people, the government has introduced the metro rail in many cities. It is a cheap mode of travel, which helps in reducing the energy consumption, is eco friendly, and is the reason behind the prevention of accidents. The modern design of metro coaches, the stylish appearance of metro stations, and superior comfort facilities are some of the reasons why metro is becoming popular in India. Ashwini Waghmare | Masarrat Khan | Maliha Tabassum | Vishaka Nagarkar | Prof. Tasneem Hasan | Imran Ahmed "Nagpur Metro Indicator" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30305.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/30305/nagpur-metro-indicator/ashwini-waghmare
Accessibility Analysis and Modeling in Public Transport Networks - A Raster b...Beniamino Murgante
Accessibility Analysis and Modeling in Public Transport Networks - A
Raster based Approach
Morten Fuglsang, - National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus
University and Aalborg University Copenhagen
Henning Sten Hansen - Aalborg University Copenhagen
Bernd Münier - National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus University
There are number of limitations for evaluating sustainability of any transportation
system. Huge research work and studies has been carried regarding sustainable
transportation and sustainability indicators. But the specific decision making
methodologies for sustainability evaluation aligned with sustainability of
transportation system is missing at present. Hence it is required to develop the
framework for assessment of sustainability in terms of performance measures
considering the prefixed goals for the purpose of planning. As a part of Multi Criteria
Decision Making process, the Multi Attribute Utility Technique based methodology is
adopted as the most suitable method. In this paper the sustainability index evaluation
is based on combination of individual performance measures is carried out using Multi
Attribute Utility Technique based methodology for emerging metropolitan city of
Nagpur. The results obtained can be conveniently used in sustainability evaluation
process for any corridor. It can also be utilized for comparing the results obtained
through the sustainability evaluation for different scenarios.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a peer reviewed online journal for professionals and researchers in the field of computer science. The main aim is to resolve emerging and outstanding problems revealed by recent social and technological change. IJRES provides the platform for the researchers to present and evaluate their work from both theoretical and technical aspects and to share their views.
Impact of New Public Transportation System in Nagpur CityIJERD Editor
Transport in Nagpur is important due to Nagpur's strategic location in a central India. It is a fast
growing metrocity and is the third most populous city in Maharashtra after Pune and Mumbai. also one of the
country's most industrialized cities.
Due to increase in population as well as transportation Nagpur mahanager palica NMPL company formed
which gives contract to Vansh Nimay Infraprojects (VNIL) to run city buses but due to increase in
transportation and increase in population in Nagpur city it found that there is a numerous problem face by city
buses to gave safe and efficient facility to public due to these public in Nagpur city were diverting towards the
private transportation. So there is immediately need to improve public transportation which can improve by Bus
Rapid Transit (BRT) system which is new transport system provide safety and mobility to road users.
In these projects we show the Impact of public transportation system such as Conjunction, Delay, Incident,
Increase traffic condition. For this various data of the existing public transportation (star bus ) is collected such
as accident data, Problem face by people, traffic data collection for how star bus face the problem and extra
time taken to reach destiny
Keyword:- Public transport network, Bus Rapid Transit system, safety, star bus, Conjunction.
Public transportation network, Intelligent Transportation system the timed management, schedule of city bus
with withdrawal to taken, discrete waiting and travelling times of city.
Conceptualizing Sustainable Transportation for City of Pune, IndiaIJERA Editor
Pune the second largest city of Maharashtra state of Indian union is witnessing large scale urban sprawl and its
negative ramifications in last couple of decades. Urban sprawl is defined as dispersed and discontinuous
suburban land development associated with low population densities and high auto dependence. This
phenomenon is adversely affecting sustainability of the city because of its negative environmental, social and
economic impacts. It saps local resources, destroys open space and farmland, and increases the energy
consumption of mobility by promoting long travel distances. Another problem is high levels of traffic
congestion and harmful emissions causing environmental pollution. There is a plethora of research that sought
to address the issue of urban sustainability and combat sprawl; little has been done on developing analytical
tools that could be used to assess the future of urban sustainability for Indian cities and for Pune in particular.
This paper explores that how particular land use development patterns or the expansion of the current urban
transportation infrastructure are likely to impact urban sustainability.
Conceptualizing Sustainable Transportation for City of Pune, India.IJERA Editor
Pune the second largest city of Maharashtra state of Indian union is witnessing large scale urban sprawl and its
negative ramifications in last couple of decades. Urban sprawl is defined as dispersed and discontinuous
suburban land development associated with low population densities and high auto dependence. This
phenomenon is adversely affecting sustainability of the city because of its negative environmental, social and
economic impacts. It saps local resources, destroys open space and farmland, and increases the energy
consumption of mobility by promoting long travel distances. Another problem is high levels of traffic
congestion and harmful emissions causing environmental pollution. There is a plethora of research that sought
to address the issue of urban sustainability and combat sprawl; little has been done on developing analytical
tools that could be used to assess the future of urban sustainability for Indian cities and for Pune in particular.
This paper explores that how particular land use development patterns or the expansion of the current urban
transportation infrastructure are likely to impact urban sustainability.
Services Model of Microlet Public Transport Based on Characteristics Movement...AM Publications
Mode of transport in the form of urban transportation has a very urgent role in supporting the growth and the development of a city.Microlet is the only public transportation owned by the city of Palu in performing services for users,this public transportation is increasingly unpopular and users tend to be abandoned because of the easeness to get it is very difficult in a sense; where waiting place is not clear, there is no certainty of a long waiting, the negotiations of travel destination and the time required for travelling can not be predicted. The research objective is to create a model that is suitable to be applied based on the people movement characteristics, with the hope of such urban transportation is still able to survive and operate as stackholdersdemands (user, operator / driver and government) and at the end people tend to choose public transportation as an option main mode of transportation in supporting their daily activities. The method of analysis used in modelling the transport trajectory is superimpose method with consideration of; land use patterns, the movement pattern of passengers urban transportation, population density, the service area andthe road networkcharacteristics.Based on the analysis of the division of three zones studied region, then the application of fixed rute is still can be carried out in zone 2 as a downtown area that includes 4 districts namely; West Palusubdistrict, Tatanga, South Palu and East Palu, while the two other zones, namely zone 1 and zone 3 as connector to the city center, city transportation routes can be applied in accordance with the national road that crosses the area of the zone.
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Futian District is the central urban area of Shenzhen and one of the busiest and most dynamic urban areas. This article is based on the spatial analysis method (slop, density, road area); Simultaneously, using research methods such as average station distance, nonlinear coefficient, service area, and public transportation network repetitive coefficient, combined with national standards, this study analyzes and evaluates the urban road network and public transportation network in Futian District, Shenzhen. The results show that: firstly, the overall difference in road network density in Futian District is significant, with a characteristic of high density in the southeast and low density in the northwest. The transportation network is mainly distributed in the east, south, and west regions. Secondly, the shortcomings of the planning in this area were manifested in the non-compliance of the urban road area with national standards, the high nonlinear coefficient of bus routes, increased time and travel costs for residents' bus travel, and a bus service area within 500 m far below national standards. Reflecting on the sustainable development of urbanization in the area, we should address the shortcomings in road design and public transportation layout, explore our own advantages, and adjust planning strategies to seek new directions and strategies.
ALTERNATE ROPEWAY TRANSIT SYSTEM FOR MANPADA ROADcivej
Cities grow in dynamic complex patterns, creating many problems. The study area of Dombivli - Manpada road has grown haphazardly in past decade due to population xplosion. Manpada road attracts heavy traffic but due to narrow roads and inefficient transit options, it leads to severe traffic congestion, side friction, delays, stress, accidents and other problems. Alternate ropeway transit system provides a better
public transit option and plays important role in reducing use of fossil fuels thus helping fight climate change. Total travel during peak hours is expected to double from 48000 to 88000 by 2031 which needs to be supported by various public transits. Cost benefit analysis is used here for evaluating desirability of project by weighting benefits against costs. Ropeway is expected to provide sustainable development,
efficient and effective public transit option and contribute to protection and enhancement of environment.
Sustainable New Towns and Transportation Planning; Reflection of A Case Study by Abdol Aziz Shahraki* in Advancements in Civil Engineering & Technology
Study of Key Factors Determinant Choice of Rail-Based Mass TransitIJERA Editor
Pursuant to regulations of the Ministry of Transportation in 2002 about the type of transport based on the city
size, the metropolis with a population of more than 1 million inhabitants are required to have the urban mass
transit. Nevertheless, until now not all city-scale population of more than 1 million have mass public transport,
either bus or rail-based. Especially for rail-based mass transit, indicated the existing regulations have not been
able to challenge the development of rail-based urban mass transit. Learning from the literature study and the
experience of countries that already have rail-based urban mass transit it has acquired nine main factors to be
taken into account in developing a rail-based urban public transportation. This study was conducted by using
Analytical Hierarchy Process method which was further validated through the implementation of the On Focus
Group Discussion in the Jakarta City Transportation Council (DTKJ) as well as in the City Development
Planning Board (Bappeko) Surabaya. Finally, the initial result shown five sequences determining factor for the
determinant choice of rail-based mass transit, namely: fiscal or economic capacity of the region and society,
transport policy, integrated public transport, land use, fare and travel time. Furthermore, the acquisition results
of this study can be applied to the selected cities to address the challenges to urban mass transit development.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
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introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
About
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
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• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
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Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Planning for Metro Transit Transportation System a simplified Approach: A Case Study of Ruwi City Center in Muscat
1. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-3, Issue-6, Jun- 2017]
https://dx.doi.org/10.24001/ijaems.3.6.1 ISSN: 2454-1311
www.ijaems.com Page | 622
Planning for Metro Transit Transportation
System a simplified Approach: A Case Study of
Ruwi City Center in Muscat
Amjad Saleem Aamir Al Khayari1
, N. Srinivasa Reddy2
1
Under Graduate Student, Built and Natural Environment Department , Caledonian College of Engineering, Glasgow
Caledonian University Muscat Sultanate of Oman.
2
Senior Faculty Built and Natural Environment Department, Caledonian College of Engineering, Glasgow Caledonian
University Muscat Sultanate of Oman.
Abstract— Currently Muscat the capital city of Oman is
suffering from many traffic and transported related
problems. Some of the serious concerns are high vehicle
ownerships, low occupancy in personalized vehicles and
poor patronization towards public transportation systems.
Ruwi is the City center and a major Central Business
District in Muscat. More than one million commuters
daily visit Ruwi City center for their day to day business.
The common transportation related problems often
reported by the citizens at Ruwi CBD, are traffic
congestion, over speeding of vehicles, inadequacy of
parking places and pedestrian safety. All such problems
can be eliminated by providing efficient public
transportation system by restricting the entry of personal
vehicles and para transit. In this technical paper,
panning and designing of public transit facility by metro
transport facility is attempted by capturing land use and
travel information of daily commuters at Ruwi CBD area.
An extensive literature review is carried for establishing
the bench marking while planning metro transit system.
For this the CBD area is cordoned and divided into
traffic analysis zones based on the land use
characteristics. Travel information of the commuter is
estimated through interviewing them at the CBD entry
gateway points and work locations. Land use
characteristics are captured through reconnaissance of
the area and random inspection of land parcels. Land use
Information captured through the Google images and
physical verification of data of the selected sample land
parcels helped in estimation and characterization of the
land use. Questionnaire survey at the activity centers
helped in estimation of total trips attracted by the land
uses. Travel characteristics, derived through the
personal interviews of the commuters, facilitated for the
estimation of total trips. Trip factors for different land
uses are derived. Total trips generated are quantified
and is used in planning of Metro Transit facility at the
Ruwi city center. Commuter circulation pattern for the
metro transit is also scheduled. Also it is proposed to
carry extensive literature for establishing bench mark
while planning the transit system.
Keywords— Public transit demand estimation, Planning
for Metro Transit system, Travel patterns, Transit
Planning at CBD.
I. INTRODUCTION
Public transit transportation system play an important role
in infrastructure development of any Nation. Metro transit
system is very important in cities where its citizens can
be transported from one place to another by bus and train
that is serving the community at regular times and fixed
lines with quality standards. International experiences on
Metro transit planning indicate the importance of
organizing and developing public transport sectors as they
positively reflect the cultural and architectural
development enjoyed by different communities. Presence
of well-developed public transport infrastructure reflects
economic and social wellbeing of its Nation. In Muscat
the capital city of Sultanate of Oman, the city center Ruwi
is the major Central Business District where it's known, to
house the large number of shops and commercial
establishments, companies and government institutions
and banks. Also it is an abode of 0.2 Million residents.
Current land uses indicate the streets of Ruwi are
suffering from varied traffic and transportation related
problems. Hence for the CBD area at Ruwi city center
needs to a facelift development for the sustainability
which can be addressed by metro transit facility.
Geographical location of the city center Ruwi is shown in
figure-1
2. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-3, Issue-6, Jun- 2017]
https://dx.doi.org/10.24001/ijaems.3.6.1 ISSN: 2454-1311
www.ijaems.com Page | 623
Fig. 1: Location of Ruwi City center
Scope of the study:
The technical study in the current project is restricted its
study in establishing the commuter travel characteristics
and trip attractions of the land uses at Ruwi city center.
The information collected, collated and is used in
planning and designing of public transit system. (Metro).
Specific objective of the study:
To study the travel characteristics of commuters
at the Ruwi Center.
To study the traffic circulation pattern of the
commuters.
To establish the mean trip length and desire
patterns with in Ruwi City center area.
Identification of suitable mass transit system.
To establish bench mark study for referencing.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
In the cities and urban areas the growing or increasing of
vehicle trips by private cars is causes to air pollution,
traffic accident and traffic congestion. The main factors
that affect the use of public transport is the poor quality of
service and travel time. (Advani, M. &Tiwari, G., 2005)
The public transport system can be developed by studying
travel time, travel costs and accessibility. In study two
methods were chosen in the rapid public transportation
system Metropolitan transport corporation (MTC) and
mass rapid transit system (MRTS) through which the
demand can be estimated in terms of services, costs, time
and distance.( Muthukannan, M. & Thirumurthy, A.,
2008) Prediction demand for metro networks from Heath
The number of metro vehicles needed to accommodate
commuters. In addition, Prediction the locations and
number of stations and other facilities such as parking
locations and customer services. (Ben-Akiva, M. and
Lerman, S.R., 1985) Recent public transportation services
are livelier in major cities, where demand assessment and
general needs have been examined with a commuters
survey conducted in Al-Batinah Governorate, Sultanate of
Oman. The study showed that public transportation
services are few and not commensurate with the amount
of demand of commuters and there is excessive use of the
accreditation in the mobility of private vehicles.
Therefore, the development of transit transport will help
solve congestion problems and other road problems.
(Belwal, R., 2010) The quality of public transit transport
system is very important, as the level of public transport
services must be in accordance with specific quality
assurance standards, which in turn increase demand for
public transit transport. (Olivkova, I., 2011) Trunk-
Branch (T-B) concept is a method or basis that can be
applied in design and planning in the public transport
system based on the results of studies and surveys. Which
in turn make improvements and modifications by the
administrators as they are considered as a guide to
evaluate the improvement and development of public
transit transport system services. (Montview, R. &
Putcha, S.C., 2014) In the Tehran province of Iran, a
study is concerned with estimating the demand of
commuters on railways or public transportation system by
using the method of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS). The
results of this study indicate that the price variables in the
public transit transport system had a negative relation
with the demand of the public transit transport system. Or
for the trip distance and income variables have a positive
relationship with the public transport system. (Kohansal,
R.M., 2013) In Mumbai, a study on the possibility of
improving and developing public transit stations by
taking surveys and analyzing the characteristics of
passengers in stations. The study revealed that there were
many characteristics of passengers that included access
characteristics in terms of availability of passenger access
routes and their comfort.(Raston, R. & Rao V.K., 2009)
One of the fast growing cities in the world is the city of
Dhaka, which is witnessing a significant growth in the
numbers of population, where the urban expansion of the
city of Dhaka is random. A study has been conducted in
Dhaka city on the public transport system which plays an
important role, but there are but there is poor planning,
Public transport non-disciplined and lack of facilities for
the public transport system. Moreover, in the study a new
planning was developed to improve and develop the
public transport system in an area that is integrated in
terms of accessibility and administrative aspects of this
system.( Niger, M., 2013) A study in Dhaka looking at
the development and improvement of the different public
transport system and its relationship with the public
transport administration, where there is a lack of
management of the public transport system which is
negatively affected the maintenance of infrastructure,
traffic, and the public transport system.( Hossain, M. ,
2003)
3. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-3, Issue-6, Jun- 2017]
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Past Work:
Ashalatha, R., Manju, V., and Zacharia, A.2013, in
transportation planning, travel behavior, one of the
important things that will help in analyzing the choice of
the situation and reach an appropriate decision on the
situation to be used in a range of circumstances. Since
Thiruvananthapuram city where a large number of the
population, where there is a lot of government
institutions, organizations and private sector companies,
research institutions and scientific institutions. Although
there are many methods of transportation, but it needs
another look because of the increased traffic jams so it
was put to choose the travel behavior of passengers in this
city, which is located in India towards the south side. In
general This study aims to identify and search for factors
that will contribute to the solution and develop
Thiruvananthapuram city in terms of alleviating traffic
congestion through proper analysis and forecasting
demand for new means of transportation and to study the
efficiency of public passenger behavior, where this study
are limited for work trips only. In the study at the first a
pilot questionnaire survey was done, where questions
were concerned with the socioeconomic condition and it
is characteristics such as gender, age, monthly income
with the nature of work and the ownership of the car. In
addition, questions were also about travel properties
which included ways of transition from home to work
with the reasons for choosing the situation in way of
transition, travel costs, waiting time, travel distance and
time of travel, etc. Moreover, in this study the
multinomial logistic MNL model has been used, where it
used on both intercity and urban mode choice models
primarily. The multinomial logistic MNL used because it
is easy in estimation and simple and simple mathematical
form also, easy in interpretation, MNL model was used in
the comparison between the number of two-wheeler
users, car users, and users of buses. Where the results
showed that some two-wheeler owners and most of the
car owners do not use buses. It turned out that the bus
users are from low income or middle income category,
which may have a two-wheeled, therefore, the first choice
are the buses. As for the owners of private vehicles, they
see it as a more flexible and safety of the buses. From this
study, the Thiruvananthapuram city needs a public
transportation development, and provide the features,
which attract owners of private vehicles to use the public
transportation to reduce traffic congestion and pollution.
Navya, S. V. et al., 2013, the purpose of the study to
develop a model help understanding the transportation of
trips in the Thiruvananthapuram city to solve the chronic
problems such the increase in accidents and pollution due
to the increase f travel demand to the city and great stress
upon transportation. Thiruvananthapuram city has two
major stretches: Ulloor to LMS stretch and MG road
(from east fort to LMS) stretch. MG road stretch was
selected for the study and is consists of thirteen wards.
III. METHODOLOGY
A) Delineation study area at Ruwi the City Center and
TAZ’s
For establishing the traffic factors and travel parameters
the city center area is area is cordoned off using the
Google image as shown in the figure-2. Criteria for the
delineation of the study area is based on the land uses
characteristics and also it is circumscribed by sub arterial
and arterial roads. The study area is further divided in to
Traffic Analysis Zones (TAZ) based on the land use.
Study area is divided into two TAZ as shown in the
figure-2. The TAZ’s are separated by a collector road.
For capturing the traffic gate way entry points are
identified and the vehicle counts and commuter
information is captured through the personnel interviews
using the questionnaire.
Fig. 2: Ruwi City center area cordoned from the regions
B) Identification of transportation parameters
For establishing the peak hour demand and there by
the transit planning, entry gate way points are
identified for the study area and are presented in the
figure -3. These are the locations where the cordon
surveys for traffic volumes and commuter travel
characteristics are organized. These Gateway locations
further help the transportation planners to plan the transit
stations for metro facility and also the parking areas.
Where the commuters can park their vehicle and make
move in to the different land uses through public transit
facility.
4. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-3, Issue-6, Jun- 2017]
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Fig. 3: Gate Way Entry- Exit Locations at the project site
Ruwi City Center
C) Land Use Quantification for Estimation of
Commuters
For the study purpose City Center area is organized two
TAZs based and geographical and land use
characteristics. From the google images built up area and
open areas are estimated. And also the categorization
buildings into residential, public and commercial are
established through personal verification and
reconnaissance of the TAZ’s. For characterization of land
uses reconnaissance of the area is conducted and physical
surveys organized in representative land parcel from each
TAZ. For this 4 samples in TAZ-1 and 3 samples in TAZ-
2 are identified for physical survey (Figure-4).
Fig. 4: Land Parcels for Physical Survey in TAZ’s at the
study area
D) Travel information of the commuters and willingness
to travel:
Per capita trip rate and probability of the commuter ready
to shift and willingness to travel is the prerequisite
parameters for planning of public transit system. For
establishing the travel characteristics of commuters travel
information is established by conducting a questionnaire
survey randomly at work places, at gate way entry-exit
points. Travel information is collated to establish the trip
rates which is used in transit planning.
IV. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
To ensure a high-quality product, diagrams and lettering
MUST be either computer-drafted or drawn using India
ink.
A) Sampling Methodology
The method used for data collection in this study is
random sampling method where respondents are chosen
randomly from the target population who are visiting the
city center. Every respondent have the equal probability
to be interviewed without any bias but have the
opportunity to be selected for only one time. In this case a
random number generator is used simply to select
respondents. Contrary to common belief selecting the
right sample size is quite complex. it does not depend on
the size of the target population. For example, whether the
study area has 300,000 or 80 households, the sample size
is constant. The right sample size depends on other
factors such as the method used to select respondents, the
number of subgroups and zones compared and
measurement and sampling error.
For sampling procedure to determine the sample group
for this study, the following equation was applied:
n0 = Z2pq / e2 = 1.962 * 0.5 * 0.5 / 0.05 = 385 (1)
Based on the equations the minimum sample size was
obtained as 385.
where n0 = sample size for infinite population; Z =
statistical parameter corresponding to confidence level (Z
is 1.96 for 95% confidence interval); e = desired margin
of error (adopted as 5%); p = hypothesized true
proportion for population (adopted as 0.5 to account for
the worst case). where n = sample size for finite
population; N = population size.
Regarding the sample group chosen, the target population
is the commuters who live in City center area as well as
the people who visit Ruwi from the different parts of
Muscat for their day to day business. In the current a
sample size of 520 commuter sample was selected.
B) Commuter Survey and Format of the Questionnaire
To capture commuter travel information a questionnaire is
designed incorporating the parameters which will go as
inputs to the transit planning exercise. Survey is
conducted at work locations and also on routes within the
CBD areas. Altogether about 520 samples are collected.
Pictures: Personal Interviews of the commuters at
different places within Ruwi City Center.
C) Survey Summary and Travel Characteristics
Main focus of the survey is to obtain the lead distance of
5. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-3, Issue-6, Jun- 2017]
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the commuter after reaching the entry points of Ruwi City
Center and willingness of the commuter to shift from
personal mode to public transit mode. The data collected
from 520 sample survey is collated and coded and
processed using the standard software SPSS. Results are
summarized in the following table-1 and figure -5. During
the survey it is revealed that more than 75% of the
commuters expressed their willingness to shift mode if
state of art metro transit facility is made available.
Table.1: Distribution of commuters by lead distance
Sl.N
o
Lead
Distan
ce
Avera
ge
Distan
ce
No of
Responde
nts
%
f*mea
n
distan
ce
Avera
ge
Distan
ce Km
1
Up to
2Km
1 72 14% 72
4.69
2
2-4
Km
3 120 23% 360
3
4-6
Km
5 198 38% 990
4
6-8
Km
7 76 15% 532
5
8-
10Km
9 54 10% 486
520
100
%
2440
Fig. 5: Frequency Distribution of Commuters for Lead
distance at Ruwi City Center
D) Entry –Exit of the commuters at the Ruwi City Center
Gateway Points:
From the Vehicle Volume count at the Gate Way entry
and exit points and also from the commuter survey,
perceptions of the commuters and distribution of
commuters is captured and mapped. Geographical
distribution of commuters is shown in the figure-6 and
Table: 2
E) Entry –Exit of the commuters at the Ruwi City Center
Gateway Points
From the Vehicle Volume counts at the Gate Way entry
and exit points and also from the commuter survey,
perceptions of the commuters and distribution of
commuters is captured and mapped. Geographical
distribution of commuters is shown in the figure-6 and
Table: 2
Fig. 6: Geographical distribution of traffic entry at the
Gateway points to City Center
Table.2: Vehicle Volume counts at the Ruwi Gateway
Entry Points
Gate
Way Time
Small
Car Big Car
Total
PCU
I
7.00-8.00 854 348 1376
8.00-9.00 942 514 1713
II
7.00-8.00 1642 785 2820
8.00-9.00 1746 1041 3308
III
7.00-8.00 412 185 690
8.00-9.00 502 241 864
IV
7.00-8.00 1678 743 2793
8.00-9.00 1745 1042 3308
V
7.00-8.00 2475 1048 4047
8.00-9.00 2541 1426 4680
VI
7.00-8.00 1484 415 2107
8.00-9.00 1487 846 2756
Data presented in the table 6 gives an idea of entry of
vehicle in to Ruwi CBD through different entry points.
All together there are more than 16000 cars are entering
in to Ruwi City center during the peak hours of a day. If
these vehicle’s entry is stopped at the gateway points and
allowed to park at the proposed transit locations Ruwi
would become totally traffic free zone and many of the
traffic related concerns would be solved.
F) Land-use characterization at Ruwi the City Center
An acknowledgement section may be presented after the
conclusion, if desired. Land use of the study area is
quantified using the Google maps and verified for
authentication of the calculations through physical
inspection of the land parcels on random basis.
Examination of the Google maps reveal that the total area
of TAZ-1 is 750,818 m2 with number of buildings 382
and for TAZ-2 is 911,224 m2 with number of building
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787. And for physical examination of the TAZ’s sample
land parcels from each zone covering a minimum area of
400 m2 is selected. The data collection from land parcel
areas from the TAZ’s to arrive the tentative estimates of
number of buildings and the type of buildings. Figure-7
depicts the sample selection land pockets in the TAZ.
Fig. 7: Land pockets in TAZ’s for Physical verification
of the Land Use
Physical examination of land parcels in TAZ-1 and TAZ-
2 gives the general idea of FSI of the buildings and also
facilitate in estimation of gross area of the building foot
print. Building topology in the selected land pockets is
presented in the figure-8.
Fig. 8: Physical survey of the selected land parcels in the
TAZ
From the reconnaissance of the study area and physical
inspection of the sample areas the Floor Space Index
(FSI) in the study area is found to be 4. Moreover, Open
area and Road area together is equal 200 m2
. Also it is
observed that 50% of the area is under open space or
roads and 50% of the area is allowed for construction
activity.
Gross Built-up Area = Built-up Foot Print Area x Floor
Space Index (FSI)
Gross Built-up Area for each of the land parcels would be
equal to 200 x 4 = 800 m2
G) Trip Attractions of Different Land Uses:
Land use analysis of the TAZ is carried and presented in
the tables- 3&4. Number of building in each of the
TAZ’s are also captured on random sample basis and
analyzed for characterization of land use and presented in
the table-5. Total number of building in TAZ-1 and TAZ-
2 are 382 and 787 respectively. For the estimation trips
entering or leaving the city center area, Quick Response
Technique (QRT) is used for quantification of the trips.
Every parcel of land would attract or produce certain
number of trips based on the type of land use. To find
trip attraction or production rates of each land use,
discussions are held with the commuters at business
establishments, commercial land uses , offices etc based
on the interviews the trip factors have been arrived and
presented below tables 3-7.
Table.3: Land use Analysis of the sample Area
Description
Area
m2 %
Road Area 130 32.50%
Open Area 120 30.00%
Built Up Area 150 37.50%
Area of Zone Sample 400 100%
Table.4: Land use Analysis of the Study Area the City
Center
Sl.N
o
TAZ
Geogra
phical
Area m2
Open
area
m2
Area
Under
Roads
m2
Built-
up
area
m2
Grass
Floor
Area
m2
1 TAZ-1 750818
262786
.3
225245
.4
2627
86
10511
45
2 TAZ-2 911224
318928
.4
273367
.2
3189
28
12757
14
Total
166204
2
581714
.7
498612
.6
5817
15
23268
59
Total number of buildings situated in both the TAZ’s are
counted using Google maps, classification of buildings
captured are presented in the table-5 to table-7
Table.5: Building Topology of selected land parcels in
TAZ-1 and TAZ-2
T
A
Z
Sect
or
No. of
Commer
cial
Building
No. of
Resident
ial
Building
No. of
Public
Buildin
g
Total
Buildi
ngs
I
1 34 27 1 62
2 20 19 1 40
3 16 0 0 16
4 20 24 0 44
Sub
Total 90 70 2 162
II
1 37 0 0 37
2 25 27 2 54
3 28 36 1 65
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Sub
Total 90 63 3 156
Gran
d
Total 180 133 5 318
Table.6: Composition of the Buildings at the City Centre,
Ruwi Muscat.
Type of Building Number %
No. of Commercial Building 171 54%
No. of Residential Building 133 42%
No. of Public Building 14 4%
Table.7: Distribution of land uses at the City Centre,
Ruwi Muscat
Land use %
Area Under Public 93074.35
Area Commercial 1256504
Area Residential 977280.7
Grass Built-up Area 2326859
Fig. 9: Composition of Land use at Ruwi City Center
H) Trips Generated at different land uses:
Different land uses generate different trip rates. For this
sample surveys conducted at the work places, residential
localities within the city center area are collated and
results are presented below in table: 8
Table.8: Trips generated from different land uses and trip
rates
Sl
.
N
o
Type of
Building
No of
units
selecte
d
Gross
Floor
Area of
all units
Appox
Numb
er of
Visitor
s in a
day
Visito
rs per
Sq.M
1
Office
Building 4 1200 60 0.05
2
Commerci
al Untis 40 1450 855 0.59
3
Residentia
l 20 2400 412 0.17
5050 1327 0.26
Derived trip rates at different land uses are used in
estimation of the trips generated per day at different land
uses at Ruwi city center and are given in table -9. .
Table.9: Quantification of trips from different land uses
at City Center
Land
use
Publi
c
Commerc
ial
Residenti
al Total
Trip
Generat
ed per
Sqm 0.05 0.59 0.17
0.26(Avera
ge)
Gross
Land
use
9307
4 1256504 977281 2326859
Number
of Trips
Generat
ed in a
Day 4654 740904 167769 913324
I) Planning of Metro Transit Transport System
Public transit system is vital for the sustainability of CBD
areas where the citizens can live and do their business
incompatible with the natural resources and socio
economic environment. In general public transit
transportation systems for a given metropolitan area,
typically comprising buses, subways, and elevated trains.
The transit systems offer large benefits to its
commuters and require a variety of transportation
infrastructure in terms of pedestrians pathways, parking
facilities, bus bays , transit stations, public utilities,
intelligent transportation systems and integration of the
system components to its land uses. It is estimated the
number of trips generated at Ruwi CBD area would be
0.9M trips a day. Assuming at least 25% of people would
be opting for the transit facility immediately with a peak
hour factor of 7%, number of trips generated would be
about 15,750 trips in both the directions. Trips generated
per hour per direction would be 7875 PPHD (Passenger
per Hour per Direction).
Assumptions while planning a Metro Service:
Benchmarking studies and literature review suggested the
following assumptions and presented below:
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Maximum average block to black distance of a metro
station would be 2.0 Km.
Average velocity of transit metro mode would be
40Kmph.
Maximum permissible waiting time for the commuter
at the transit station for the commuters would be
10minutes.
Maximum capacity of a coach/compartment would be
120 passengers.
A metro service consist of four coaches with a
capacity of 480 passengers PPHD
In an hours’ time about at any given point over the en
route about 3000 passengers would be using the
transit facility in each direction.
Giving the derived inputs and assumptions transit
planning facility is suggested and given in the figure-9
Fig. 10: Planning of Public transit transport system
(metro) at Ruwi CBD area
The figure-10 shown is suggested metro transit
transportation system for the city center area at Ruwi.
While planning the transit system other transportation
infrastructure services like metro stations bus stations,
parking areas public utilities along the route plan for each
transport system is also indicated. Proposed transit system
and services are shown in the figure-11
Fig. 11: Metro Transit System with all infrastructure
Services
V. RECOMMENDATIONS AND SCOPE FOR
FURTHER WORK
Since public transit transport system is very important for
the development of cities. There is a need for the
development of efficient and affordable transit
transportation system for which Metro is latest option.
Most of the GCC countries are going for metro facility
with phase wise development for its implementation. The
success of metro transit largely depends on its
accessibility and its integration with its land uses and
catchment area. Before the implementation of such
facility, large scale studies need to be initiated for station
area development, parking, public utilities and allied
services.
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