This document discusses immunosuppressant drugs. It begins by defining immunosuppression and immunosuppressants. The primary use of immunosuppressants is to prevent rejection after organ transplantation by lowering the body's immune response. The document then categorizes immunosuppressants and discusses their mechanisms of action. The main categories are selective inhibitors of cytokine production/function, immunosuppressive antimetabolites, antibodies, and corticosteroids. Examples like cyclosporine, tacrolimus, sirolimus, azathioprine, and prednisone are explained in terms of how they suppress immune responses.
Immunosuppressant are drugs or medicines that lower the body's ability to reject a transplanted organ. Another term for these drugs is anti-rejection drugs. There are 2 types of immunosuppressants: Induction drugs: Powerful antirejection medicine used at the time of transplant.
Immunosuppressants are drugs or medicines that lower the body's ability to reject a transplanted organ. Another term for these drugs is anti-rejection drugs. There are 2 types of immunosuppressants:
Induction drugs: Powerful antirejection medicine used at the time of transplant
Maintenance drugs: Antirejection medications used for the long term.
Basic principles of chemotherapy/ AMAs covers definition, history of AMAs development, principles of AMAs, problems associated with AMAs, failure of therapy with examples.
Immunosuppressant are drugs or medicines that lower the body's ability to reject a transplanted organ. Another term for these drugs is anti-rejection drugs. There are 2 types of immunosuppressants: Induction drugs: Powerful antirejection medicine used at the time of transplant.
Immunosuppressants are drugs or medicines that lower the body's ability to reject a transplanted organ. Another term for these drugs is anti-rejection drugs. There are 2 types of immunosuppressants:
Induction drugs: Powerful antirejection medicine used at the time of transplant
Maintenance drugs: Antirejection medications used for the long term.
Basic principles of chemotherapy/ AMAs covers definition, history of AMAs development, principles of AMAs, problems associated with AMAs, failure of therapy with examples.
Hello friends. In this PPT I am talking about Anti-viral drugs drugs. If you like it, please do let me know in the comments section. A single word of appreciation from you will encourage me to make more of such videos. Thanks. Enjoy and welcome to the beautiful world of pharmacology where pharmacology comes to life. This video is intended for MBBS, BDS, paramedical and any person who wishes to have a basic understanding of the subject in the simplest way.
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Hello friends. In this PPT I am talking about Anti-viral drugs drugs. If you like it, please do let me know in the comments section. A single word of appreciation from you will encourage me to make more of such videos. Thanks. Enjoy and welcome to the beautiful world of pharmacology where pharmacology comes to life. This video is intended for MBBS, BDS, paramedical and any person who wishes to have a basic understanding of the subject in the simplest way.
this presentation gives the knowledge about the decongestants are a type of medication that can provide short relief for a blocked nose ................
Immunosuppressants drugs and their mechanism of action in organ transplantati...Sreedhar Reddy
immunosuppressants are drugs used to supress immune system
1)introduction and classification 2)mechanism with flow chat 3) use of immunosuppressants and adverse effects and contraindications
immunosuppressant mainly used to treat autoimmune disorder and organ transplantation
Role of biological agents in immunosuppression in Autoimmune rheumatoid arthritis and organ transplantation
inhibition of humoral and cellular immune response
Magnetically Modulated drug delivery system, Noval Drug Delivery system, New approaches to develop magnetically modulated drug delivery system and Formulation Design.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
3. Immunosuppression
Immunosuppression involves an act that reduces the
activation or efficacy of the immune system.
Some portions of the immune system itself have
immuno-suppressive effects on other parts of the
immune system, and immunosuppression may occur
as an adverse reaction to treatment of other
conditions.
4. Immunosuppressant
An immunosuppressant is any agent that causes
immunosuppression, including
immunosuppressive drugs and
some environmental toxins.
One of the primary uses of immunosuppressant
drugs is to lower the body’s ability to reject a
transplanted organ, such as a liver, heart or
kidney.
6. Almost everyone who receives an organ
transplant has to take immunosuppressant
drugs.
If the new organ came from an identical twin,
however, one may not have to take them.
When one gets an organ transplant, our body
knows that the new organ is foreign.
This triggers a response by the body’s immune
system to attack it.
7. The body will attack the new organ and try to
damage or destroy it.
The immunosuppressant drugs suppress the
body's ability to do this.
The drugs allow the transplanted organ to
remain healthy and free from damage.
The goal is to adjust these drugs to prevent
rejection and to minimize any side effects of
the drugs.
8. Classification
These drugs can be classified into 4 categories.
1. Selective inhibitors of cytokine production
and function
2. Immunosuppressive antimetabolites
3. Antibodies
4. Adrenocorticoids
9. Selective inhibitor of cytokine
production and function
Cyclosporine
Everolimus
Sirolimus
Tacrolimus
10. Cytokines are soluble, Antigen Non specific,
signaling proteins that bind to cell surface
receptors on a variety of cells.
The term cytokines includes the molecules known as
interleukins (ILs), interferons (IFNs), tumor
necrosis factors (TNFs), transforming growth
factors and colony stimulating factors.
11. Cyclosporine
Mechanism of action:
Cyclosporine preferentially suppresses cell mediated immune
reactions, whereas Humoral immunity is affected to a far
lesser extent.
Cyclosporine blocks the transcription of cytokine genes in
activated T cells.
After diffusing into the T cells, cyclosporine binds to a
cyclophilin to form a complex that binds to calcineurin. The
latter is responsible for dephosphorylating NFATc. Because
the cyclosporine-calcineurin complex can’t perform this
reaction, NFATc can’t enter the nucleus to promote the
reactions that are required for the synthesis of a number of
cytokines, including IL2.
The end result is a decrease in IL-2, which is the primary
chemical stimulus for increasing the no. of T-lymphocytes.
12.
13. Tacrolimus
Mechanism of action
It exerts its immunosuppressive effects in the same
manner as cyclosporine, except that it binds to a
different immunophilin, FK-binding protein-12
14. Sirolimus
It binds to same cytoplasmic FK-BP as Tacrolimus, but
instead of forming a complex with calcineurin,
Sirolimus binds to mTOR.
17. Azathioprine
An immunosuppressive antimetabolite pro-drug.
It interferes with the purine synthesis and is cytotoxic.
This drug is converted into 6-mercaptopurine and
then to the corresponding nucleotide, thioinosinic
acid that inhibit DNA synthesis.
18. Mycophenolate mofetil
Mechanism of action
It is converted into mycophenolic acid, which retains
proliferation of both T and B lymphocytes and reduce
the production of cytotoxic T cells by inhibiting
inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, an enzyme
crucial for de novo purine biosynthesis in both T and B
cells, so the drug has fairly selective action.
20. Alemtuzumab
It exerts its effects by causing profound depletion of T cells
from the peripheral circulation.
Antithymocyte globulins
Thymocytes are developed in thymus and serve as precursors.
The antibodies bind tp the surface of circulating T
lymphocytes, which then undergoes complement mediated
destruction, Ab. Depending cytotoxicity, apoptosis and
opsonization. The Ab. Bound cells are phagocytosed in the
liver and spleen, resulting in lymphopenia and impaired T-
cell responses.
21. IL-2 receptor antagonist
Basiliximab
Daclizumab
Mechanism of action
Both compounds are anti-CD-2 antibodies and bind to the α
chain of the IL-2 receptor on activated T-cells. They thus
interfere with the proliferation of these cells. Basiliximab is
10 fold more potent than Daclizumab as a blocker of IL-2
stimulated T-cell replication. Blockade of this receptor foils
the ability of any antigenic stimulus to activate the T-cell
response system.
22. Muromonab-CD3
Mechanism of action
Binding to CD3 protein results in a disruption of T-
lymphocyte function, because access of antigen to the
recognition site is blocked. Circulating T-cells are
depleted, thereby decreasing their participation in the
immune response. Because muromonab recognizes
only one antigenic site, the immunosuppression is less
broad than that seen with the polyclonal antibodies. T
cells usually return to normal within 48 hours of
discontinuation of therapy.
24. Mechanism of action
The exact mechanism responsible for
immunosuppressive action of corticosteroids is
unclear.
The T-lymphocytes are effected mostly. The steroids are
able to rapidly reduce lymphocyte populations by lysis
or redistribution. On entering the cells, they bind to
glucocorticoid receptor. The complex passes into the
nucleus and regulates the translation of DNA.
Among the genes affected are those involved in
inflammatory responses.