The document discusses deadlocks in operating systems. It defines deadlock and outlines the four conditions required for deadlock: mutual exclusion, hold and wait, no preemption, and circular wait. It then describes different strategies for handling deadlocks, including ignoring the problem, detection and recovery, avoidance through careful resource allocation, and prevention by negating one of the four conditions. Detection methods involve modeling resource allocation as a directed graph and searching for cycles. Prevention focuses on attacking the mutual exclusion, hold and wait, and circular wait conditions.
Useful documents for engineering students of CSE, and specially for students of aryabhatta knowledge university, Bihar (A.K.U. Bihar). It covers following topics: System model deadlock characterization, methods for handling deadlocks, deadlock prevention,
deadlock avoidance, deadlock detection, recovery from deadlock
Useful documents for engineering students of CSE, and specially for students of aryabhatta knowledge university, Bihar (A.K.U. Bihar). It covers following topics: System model deadlock characterization, methods for handling deadlocks, deadlock prevention,
deadlock avoidance, deadlock detection, recovery from deadlock
In this presentation i explain about the most important thing in operating system i.e Deadlock. Here i briefly explained what is deadlock, why deadlock occurs, deadlock in real life, methods of handling deadlock. Banker's algorithm and a numerical.
I hope its worth sharing!
In these slides I discussed about deadlock,causes of deadlock,effects of deadlock,conditions of deadlock,resource allocation graph,deadlock handling strategies,deadlock prevention,deadlock avoidance,deadlock avoidance and resolution....I haven't touch algorithms section in these slides.....and last thing I want to say that don't forget to follow me...
In this presentation i explain about the most important thing in operating system i.e Deadlock. Here i briefly explained what is deadlock, why deadlock occurs, deadlock in real life, methods of handling deadlock. Banker's algorithm and a numerical.
I hope its worth sharing!
In these slides I discussed about deadlock,causes of deadlock,effects of deadlock,conditions of deadlock,resource allocation graph,deadlock handling strategies,deadlock prevention,deadlock avoidance,deadlock avoidance and resolution....I haven't touch algorithms section in these slides.....and last thing I want to say that don't forget to follow me...
B2 is the OpenSplice DDS integration technology built on-top of Apache Camel that makes it seamless to integrate DDS based systems as well as integrating DDS with a plethora of other technologies, such as JMS, AMQP, XMPP, FIX, etc.
Los primeros años_el_bienestar_infantil_y_el_papel_de_las_políticas_públicasPepe Jara Cueva
Leer LOS PRIMEROS AÑOS, El bienestar infantil y el papel de las políticas públicas, reciente publicación del BID, pretende dar respuesta a qué pueden hacer los gobiernos para contribuir de la mejor forma posible a que nuestros niños se desarrollen adecuadamente en sus primeros años de vida. En el marco electoral en que vivimos, de hecho sirve como referencia oportuna a los equipos de Plan de Gobierno de los partidos en carrera, claro, guardando la esperanza de que en principio lean, que les interese el pais y por ultimo, quieran ser serios con sus planteamientos a un electorado que tampoco exige mucho, por eso es que se tiene en vitrina a los candidatos que hoy debemos elegir....
Discuss 4 conditions for deadlocks and 4 deadlock prevention techniques. Solutions like Ostrich Algorithm, and detection techniques with 1 resource type. Deadlock recovery and avoidance.
A deadlock in OS is a situation in which more than one process is blocked because it is holding a resource and also requires some resource that is acquired by some other process
A deadlock in OS is a situation in which more than one process is blocked because it is holding a resource and also requires some resource that is acquired by some other process
hey in this ppt i briefly describe about the operating system topic deadlock
Here i tell about the why deadlocks occur and how to avoid and preventent from dead locks
deadlocks are handle by mainly three ways
1. mutual exclusion
2. deadlock avidenence
This PPT gives the detailed information about Deadlocks in Operating System, Cases of Deadlock, Deadlocks in File Request
Deadlocks in Database
Deadlocks in Dedicated device Allocation
Deadlocks in Multiple device allocation
Deadlocks in Spooling
Deadlocks in a Network
Deadlocks in Disk Sharing
Deadlock Prevention and Recovery
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
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it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
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How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
2. Resources
Examples of computer resources
printers
tape drives
tables
Processes need access to resources in reasonable
order
Suppose a process holds resource A and requests
resource B
at same time another process holds B and requests A
both are blocked and remain so
2
3. Resources (1)
Deadlocks occur when …
processes are granted exclusive access to
devices
we refer to these devices generally as resources
Preemptable resources
can be taken away from a process with no ill
effects
Nonpreemptable resources
will cause the process to fail if taken away
4. Resources (2)
Sequence of events required to use a resource
request the resource
use the resource
release the resource
Must wait if request is denied
requesting process may be blocked
may fail with error code
5. Introduction to Deadlocks
Formal definition :
A set of processes is deadlocked if each process in the set
is waiting for an event that only another process in the set
can cause
Usually the event is release of a currently held
resource
None of the processes can …
run
release resources
be awakened
6. Four Conditions for Deadlock
Mutual exclusion condition
each resource assigned to 1 process or is available
Hold and wait condition
process holding resources can request additional
No preemption condition
previously granted resources cannot forcibly taken away
Circular wait condition
must be a circular chain of 2 or more processes
each is waiting for resource held by next member of the
chain
7. Deadlock Modeling (2)
Modeled with directed graphs
resource R assigned to process A
process B is requesting/waiting for resource S
process C and D are in deadlock over resources T and U
8. Deadlock Modeling (3)
Strategies for dealing with Deadlocks
just ignore the problem altogether
detection and recovery
dynamic avoidance
careful resource allocation
prevention
negating one of the four necessary conditions
11. The Ostrich Algorithm
Pretend there is no problem
Reasonable if
deadlocks occur very rarely
cost of prevention is high
UNIX and Windows takes this approach
It is a trade off between
convenience
correctness
12. Detection with One Resource of Each
Type (1)
Note the resource ownership and requests
A cycle can be found within the graph, denoting
deadlock
13. Detection with One Resource of Each
Type (2)
Data structures needed by deadlock detection
algorithm
14. Detection with One Resource of Each
Type (3)
An example for the deadlock detection
algorithm
15. Recovery from Deadlock (1)
Recovery through preemption
take a resource from some other process
depends on nature of the resource
Recovery through rollback
checkpoint a process periodically
use this saved state
restart the process if it is found deadlocked
16. Recovery from Deadlock (2)
Recovery through killing processes
crudest but simplest way to break a deadlock
kill one of the processes in the deadlock cycle
the other processes get its resources
choose process that can be rerun from the
beginning
17. Deadlock Avoidance
Resource Trajectories
Two process resource trajectories
18. Safe and Unsafe States (1)
Demonstration that the state in (a) is safe
19. Safe and Unsafe States (2)
Demonstration that the sate in b is not safe
20. The Banker's Algorithm for a Single Resource
Three resource allocation states
safe
safe
unsafe
21. Banker's Algorithm for Multiple Resources
Example of banker's algorithm with multiple resources
22. Deadlock Prevention
Attacking the Mutual Exclusion Condition
Some devices (such as printer) can be spooled
only the printer daemon uses printer resource
thus deadlock for printer eliminated
Not all devices can be spooled
Principle:
avoid assigning resource when not absolutely
necessary
as few processes as possible actually claim the
resource
23. Attacking the Hold and Wait Condition
Require processes to request resources before
starting
a process never has to wait for what it needs
Problems
may not know required resources at start of run
also ties up resources other processes could be using
Variation:
process must give up all resources
then request all immediately needed
24. Attacking the No Preemption Condition
This is not a viable option
Consider a process given the printer
halfway through its job
now forcibly take away printer
!!??
25. Attacking the Circular Wait Condition (1)
Normally ordered resources
A resource graph
27. Other Issues
Two-Phase Locking
Phase One
process tries to lock all records it needs, one at a time
if needed record found locked, start over
(no real work done in phase one)
If phase one succeeds, it starts second phase,
performing updates
releasing locks
Note similarity to requesting all resources at once
Algorithm works where programmer can arrange
program can be stopped, restarted
28. Nonresource Deadlocks
Possible for two processes to deadlock
each is waiting for the other to do some task
Can happen with semaphores
each process required to do a down() on two
semaphores (mutex and another)
if done in wrong order, deadlock results
29. Starvation
Algorithm to allocate a resource
may be to give to shortest job first
Works great for multiple short jobs in a system
May cause long job to be postponed indefinitely
even though not blocked
Solution:
First-come, first-serve policy
30. Pustaka
Avi Silberschatz, "Operating System Concepts"
http://codex.cs.yale.edu/avi/os-
book/OS8/os8j/index.html
Andrew Tanenbaum, "Modern Operating
Systems"
http://www.cs.vu.nl/~ast/books/mos2/
Harvey Deitel, "Operating Systems"
http://cs.nyu.edu/~yap/classes/os/resources/origin_of_
PV.html
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