This document discusses an experimental study on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with biodiesel blends at different compression ratios. Biodiesel was produced from jatropha and rubber seed oil via transesterification. The engine was tested using diesel (D100), 20% jatropha-diesel blend (J20), and a 10% jatropha-10% rubber seed-diesel blend (JR20) at compression ratios of 16, 17, and 18. Test results showed better performance for the blends at a compression ratio of 17. Brake thermal efficiency was similar to diesel for the blends at lower loads. Specific fuel consumption decreased with increasing load up to 80%
EFFECT OF ADDITIVE AND RAW RUBBER SEED OIL MIXTURE IN A BIODIESEL IAEME Publication
The main advantage favouring biofuels is that they are biodegradable and thus do not cause harm to the environment. Department of Energy study showed that the production and use of biodiesel, compared to petroleum diesel, resulted in a 78.5% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions The present study aims to investigate the importance of additives in biodiesel blends. Here DEE (Diethyl ether) used as the additives. The main aim of this study is to analyse the effect of compression ratio on the performance and emission of blends of biodiesel with and without using additives. The test has been conducted on three different fuels blends on a single cylinder VCR (Variable Compression Ratio Engine) DI diesel engine at a compression ratio of 16. The performance parameters include BTE, SFC, BP, Volumetric Efficiency and Mechanical efficiency. The exhaust gas emission is found to contain CO, HC, NOx and CO2.The three different fuel blends are 1) standard diesel 2) 20%Jatropha biodiesel, 3) diesel+20%Jatropha+5%DEE+ 3ml raw rubber seed oil. The result of the experimental works has been compared with standard diesel and it concludes considerable improvement in the performance parameters, as well as exhaust emissions.
Alcohols are particularly attractive as alternative fuels because they are a renewable resource. Ethanol has been
studied in spark ignition application. However, it is verydifficult to fuel compression ignition engines because of the lowercetane
number, higher latent heat, and otherchemical properties.This paper describes the performance (torque, brake mean effective
pressure, brake horse power, brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption rate) and emission (CO, HC, smoke)
characteristics of ethanol-diesel dual-fuels engine combustion for the homogeneous charge compression ignition engine.
An Experimental Study of Variable Compression Ratio Engine Using Diesel Blend...IJAEMSJORNAL
Increase in the scarcity of the fossil fuels, prices and global warming have generated an interest in developing alternate fuel for engine. Technologies now focusing on development of plant based fuel, plant oils and plant fats as alternative fuel. The present work deals with finding the better compression ratio for the honne oil diesel blend fueled C.I engine at variable load and constant speed operation. In order to find out optimum compression ratio, experiments are carried out on a single cylinder four stroke variable compression ratio diesel engine. Engine performance tests are carried out at different compression ratio values. The optimum compression ratio that gives better engine performance is found from the experimental results. Using experimental data Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was developed and the values were predicted using ANN. Finally the predicted values were validated with the experimentally.
EFFECT OF ADDITIVE AND RAW RUBBER SEED OIL MIXTURE IN A BIODIESEL IAEME Publication
The main advantage favouring biofuels is that they are biodegradable and thus do not cause harm to the environment. Department of Energy study showed that the production and use of biodiesel, compared to petroleum diesel, resulted in a 78.5% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions The present study aims to investigate the importance of additives in biodiesel blends. Here DEE (Diethyl ether) used as the additives. The main aim of this study is to analyse the effect of compression ratio on the performance and emission of blends of biodiesel with and without using additives. The test has been conducted on three different fuels blends on a single cylinder VCR (Variable Compression Ratio Engine) DI diesel engine at a compression ratio of 16. The performance parameters include BTE, SFC, BP, Volumetric Efficiency and Mechanical efficiency. The exhaust gas emission is found to contain CO, HC, NOx and CO2.The three different fuel blends are 1) standard diesel 2) 20%Jatropha biodiesel, 3) diesel+20%Jatropha+5%DEE+ 3ml raw rubber seed oil. The result of the experimental works has been compared with standard diesel and it concludes considerable improvement in the performance parameters, as well as exhaust emissions.
Alcohols are particularly attractive as alternative fuels because they are a renewable resource. Ethanol has been
studied in spark ignition application. However, it is verydifficult to fuel compression ignition engines because of the lowercetane
number, higher latent heat, and otherchemical properties.This paper describes the performance (torque, brake mean effective
pressure, brake horse power, brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption rate) and emission (CO, HC, smoke)
characteristics of ethanol-diesel dual-fuels engine combustion for the homogeneous charge compression ignition engine.
An Experimental Study of Variable Compression Ratio Engine Using Diesel Blend...IJAEMSJORNAL
Increase in the scarcity of the fossil fuels, prices and global warming have generated an interest in developing alternate fuel for engine. Technologies now focusing on development of plant based fuel, plant oils and plant fats as alternative fuel. The present work deals with finding the better compression ratio for the honne oil diesel blend fueled C.I engine at variable load and constant speed operation. In order to find out optimum compression ratio, experiments are carried out on a single cylinder four stroke variable compression ratio diesel engine. Engine performance tests are carried out at different compression ratio values. The optimum compression ratio that gives better engine performance is found from the experimental results. Using experimental data Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was developed and the values were predicted using ANN. Finally the predicted values were validated with the experimentally.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The experimental investigation is made to estimate the combustion and performance
characteristics of direct injection diesel engine using different blends of karanja methyl ester with
diesel. The Karanja biodiesel is mixed with diesel in proportions of 20%, 50% and 100% by volume
and studied under various loading conditions i.e. at No load, 25%, 50%, 75% and full load in diesel
engine. The combustion parameters were found close to that of diesel. The blend of karanja biodiesel
performed complete and smoother combustion process than diesel. The various parameters values
like brake thermal efficiency, and heat equivalent to useful work wererecorded nearest to diesel. The
fuel air ratio also recorded higher than diesel. Whereas the mean gas temperature for pure karanja
biodiesel was higher than diesel which is on account of complete combustion on account of 10-12%
fuel bound oxygen. On the basis of brake thermal efficiency, KB20 blend was found to be the best
blend.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
call for paper 2012, hard copy of journal, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FULL JOURNAL BEARING WITH BIO LUBRICANTS – JATROPHA OIL,...IAEME Publication
The present study was carried with an aim of checking the feasibility of usage of bio-lubricants as a lubricant in hydrodynamic full journal bearing. Three bio-lubricants Castor oil, Neem oil, Jatropha oil and mineral oil SAE 20W50 is used alternatively to check the output of the journal bearing
operating parameters.
EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON OF PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTIC...IAEME Publication
In this study different fuels are synthesized by preparing blends of jatropha biodiesel-diesel and liquid fuel from waste plastic –diesel. Various means are employed to characterize the fuels and then their performance and emission characteristics are studied on compression ignition engine. The results were analyzed and the jatropha blended and waste plastic oil blended fuels are compared considering the reference test fuel diesel.
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT WIRE ELECTRODES ON THE MRR OF MS WORKPIECE USING WEDM...IAEME Publication
Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is a specialized thermal machining process which is capable of accurate machining of parts which have varying hardness, complex shapes and sharp edges that are hard to be machined by the traditional machining processes. . Predictions on the
Material Removal Rate of workpieces in WEDM have been reported in the past. In the present study an analysis has been done to evaluate the Material Removal Rate of MS workpiece using WEDM process with different types of wire electrodes.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The experimental investigation is made to estimate the combustion and performance
characteristics of direct injection diesel engine using different blends of karanja methyl ester with
diesel. The Karanja biodiesel is mixed with diesel in proportions of 20%, 50% and 100% by volume
and studied under various loading conditions i.e. at No load, 25%, 50%, 75% and full load in diesel
engine. The combustion parameters were found close to that of diesel. The blend of karanja biodiesel
performed complete and smoother combustion process than diesel. The various parameters values
like brake thermal efficiency, and heat equivalent to useful work wererecorded nearest to diesel. The
fuel air ratio also recorded higher than diesel. Whereas the mean gas temperature for pure karanja
biodiesel was higher than diesel which is on account of complete combustion on account of 10-12%
fuel bound oxygen. On the basis of brake thermal efficiency, KB20 blend was found to be the best
blend.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
call for paper 2012, hard copy of journal, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FULL JOURNAL BEARING WITH BIO LUBRICANTS – JATROPHA OIL,...IAEME Publication
The present study was carried with an aim of checking the feasibility of usage of bio-lubricants as a lubricant in hydrodynamic full journal bearing. Three bio-lubricants Castor oil, Neem oil, Jatropha oil and mineral oil SAE 20W50 is used alternatively to check the output of the journal bearing
operating parameters.
EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON OF PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTIC...IAEME Publication
In this study different fuels are synthesized by preparing blends of jatropha biodiesel-diesel and liquid fuel from waste plastic –diesel. Various means are employed to characterize the fuels and then their performance and emission characteristics are studied on compression ignition engine. The results were analyzed and the jatropha blended and waste plastic oil blended fuels are compared considering the reference test fuel diesel.
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT WIRE ELECTRODES ON THE MRR OF MS WORKPIECE USING WEDM...IAEME Publication
Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is a specialized thermal machining process which is capable of accurate machining of parts which have varying hardness, complex shapes and sharp edges that are hard to be machined by the traditional machining processes. . Predictions on the
Material Removal Rate of workpieces in WEDM have been reported in the past. In the present study an analysis has been done to evaluate the Material Removal Rate of MS workpiece using WEDM process with different types of wire electrodes.
THE PERFORMANCE OF BIODIESEL MIXTURES IN A VCR ENGINEIAEME Publication
In recent years alternate fuels have received much attention because the world is confronted with the twin crisis of fossil fuel depletion and environmental degradation. The biodiesel produced from Jatropha oil by transesterification process represents one of the most promising options to reduce the use of conventional fossil fuels. The present work studies the performance and emission characteristics of a single cylinder water cooled variable compression ratio engine using jatropha biodiesel and its mixtures as fuel in a direct injection diesel engine. An additive DEE (Di-ethyl ether) is used to enhance the combustion properties of biodiesel. A total of 3 samples of fuels are used such as diesel, BD25 (Jatropha biodiesel 25%), BDM (Biodiesel mixture). The performance and emission characteristics are measured at compression ratios of 16, 17 and18 by varying the load and maintaining the speed constant at 1500 rpm. From the study results it has been found that better results are obtained at a compression ratio of 18. At this best compression ratio the performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel mixture is compared with BD 25 and Diesel Fuel (DF). It is observed that the use of additive have improved the performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel mixture and can be used as a substitute for diesel.
PERFORMANCE AND COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS OF SINGLE CYLINDER DIESEL ENGINE F...IAEME Publication
The experimental investigation is made to estimate the combustion and performance characteristics of direct injection diesel engine using different blends of karanja methyl ester with diesel. The Karanja biodiesel is mixed with diesel in proportions of 20%, 50% and 100% by volume and studied under various loading conditions i.e. at No load, 25%, 50%, 75% and full load in diesel engine. The combustion parameters were found close to that of diesel. The blend of karanja biodiesel performed complete and smoother combustion process than diesel.
Performance and combustion characteristics of single cylinder diesel engine f...Er Sandeep Duran
The experimental investigation is made to estimate the combustion and performance
characteristics of direct injection diesel engine using different blends of karanja methyl ester with
diesel. The Karanja biodiesel is mixed with diesel in proportions of 20%, 50% and 100% by volume
and studied under various loading conditions i.e. at No load, 25%, 50%, 75% and full load in diesel
engine. The combustion parameters were found close to that of diesel. The blend of karanja biodiesel
performed complete and smoother combustion process than diesel. The various parameters values
like brake thermal efficiency, and heat equivalent to useful work wererecorded nearest to diesel. The
fuel air ratio also recorded higher than diesel. Whereas the mean gas temperature for pure karanja
biodiesel was higher than diesel which is on account of complete combustion on account of 10-12%
fuel bound oxygen. On the basis of brake thermal efficiency, KB20 blend was found to be the best
blend.
Performance and combustion characteristics of single cylinder diesel engine f...Er Sandeep Duran
The experimental investigation is made to estimate the combustion and performance characteristics of direct injection diesel engine using different blends of karanja methyl ester with diesel. The Karanja biodiesel is mixed with diesel in proportions of 20%, 50% and 100% by volume and studied under various loading conditions i.e. at No load, 25%, 50%, 75% and full load in diesel
engine. The combustion parameters were found close to that of diesel.
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOGAS –PETROL DUAL FUEL IN SI EN...IAEME Publication
Towards the effort of reducing the dependency on petroleum fuel, one of the solutions is to use gaseous fuel as a partial supplement of liquid petrol fuel. In this experiment, four cylinder SI engine was tested with petrol as a fuel and petrol with partial substitution of biogas as fuel. Different percentages of biogas substitution in petrol were tested like B10 (90% Petrol +10% biogas), B20(80% Petrol +20% Biogas), B40(60%Petrol +40% Biogas). Test was conducted to study and compare the performance, emission and combustion characteristic of the engine for both the modes of engine operation. Biogas production was carried out using kitchen waste as a feedstock. Results clearly revealed that performance of the engine improved with the increases in amount of the gas substitution. Bsfc and brake thermal efficiency were found to improve. However emissions increased with the increases in the amount of gas substitution.
AN INVESTIGATION ON THE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF A DIESEL ENGINE USING ...IAEME Publication
The depletion of fossil fuels, increasing demand for petroleum fuels prompted extensive research on alternative sources of energy for internal combustion engines. Biodiesel as alternative fuel has been widely studied as alternative for diesel fuel due to its merits such as lower sulfur, lower
aromatic hydrocarbon and higher oxygen content.
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
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Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
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Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
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Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
2. Performance Characteristics of Biodiesel Mixtures In A Variable Compression Ratio
Engine with Cr 17
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 97 editor@iaeme.com
Cite this Article: Biju Cherian Abraham and Chindhu Prasad,
Performance Characteristics of Biodiesel Mixtures In A Variable Compression
Ratio Engine with Cr 17. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering
and Technology, 6(8), 2015, pp. 96-104.
http://www.iaeme.com/currentissue.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=6&IType=8
_______________________________________________________________
1. INTRODUCTION
The large increase in industrialization and motorization in recent years has resulted in
great demand for petroleum products. Energy demands increases as the combustion of
fossil fuels increases and fossil fuels are limited, research is directed towards
alternative fuels. The increase in crude oil import affects the country’s economy and
its development. The acid rain, global warming and health hazards are the results of ill
effects of increased polluted gases like SOx, CO and particulate matter in atmosphere.
The most modern scientific studies are researching on nature friendly inventions and
to preserve nature for future life. Biodiesel is an alternative fuel similar to
conventional or ‘fossil’ diesel. Today’s diesel engines require a clean burning with a
stable fuel that performs well under the variety of operating conditions. Biodiesel is
the only alternative fuel that can be used directly in any existing unmodified diesel
engine. Because it has similar properties to diesel fuel, biodiesel can be blended at any
ratio with diesel fuel.
The present study focuses on the effect bio diesel blend s at various compression
ratios in a compression ignition engine. A.Javidialesaadi and S. Raeissi investigates
the pre-treatment step of biodiesel production from acid oils. In this work the effects
of methanol-to-oil ratio, the amount of catalyst and time on the progress of the
reaction are studied. Evangelos studied the exhaust emissions of diesel engines
operating under transient conditions with biodiesel fuel blends. Irrespective of driving
cycle type, the NOx emission penalty and the PM benefit with biodiesel seem to
increase for more aggressive cycles/driving patterns. Moreover, biodiesels produced
from unsaturated feedstocks tend to increase the NOx emission liability, such
correlation has been established for the emitted PM, HC or CO. Hifjur Raheman
studied Combustion characteristics and emissions of a compression ignition engine
using emulsified jatropha biodiesel blend. With increasing percentage of water,
ignition delay was longer at higher engine loads. Reductions in emission were
observed for the emulsified fuel compared to JB10. Emulsified biodiesel can be
recommended for use in place of biodiesel. Jincheng Huang studied the performances
and emissions of a diesel engine is carried out using two different biodiesels derived
from Chinese pistache oil and jatropha oil compared with pure diesel. The results
shows brake thermal efficiencies of the engine run by the biodiesels are comparable to
that run by pure diesel, with some increases of fuel consumptions. It is found that the
emissions are reduced to some extent when using the biodiesels. Also the engine
performance and emissions by Chinese pistache are similar to that run by jatropha
biodiesel.
2. EXPERIMENT
Biodiesel is produced from pure jatropha and rubber seed oil. These feedstock are
purchased from local market. The biodiesel production is done by trasesterification
method. Methanol and sodium hydroxide is used for this process. The experiment
compare the characteristics of pure diesel (100%), J20 ( 20% jatropha + 80% Diesel),
3. Biju Cherian Abraham and Chindhu Prasad
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 98 editor@iaeme.com
JR20 (10% jatropha + 10% rubber seed + 80% Diesel). The characteristics include
both the performance and emission. The test is conducted at a compression ratio of 17
in a VCR engine.
Table 1 Properties of Fuel
Properties Jatropha oil
Jatropha
biodiesel
Rubber seed
oil biodiesel
Rubber
seed oil
Diesel
Density, g/ml 0.920 0.865 0.837 0.91 0.841
Viscosity @
400
C, cSt
3.5 5.2 3.12 7.64 4.5
Calorific Value,
MJ/kg
39.7 39.2 38.20 37.5 42.0
Flash point, 0
C 240 175 128 65 50
Cloud point, 0
C 16 13 5 5.2 9
Experiments were initially carried out on the engine using diesel as fuel in order to
provide base line data. Initially the engine was started using diesel fuel and allowed to
run for few minutes until to reach steady state; the base line data were taken. Load
was varied from zero loads to full load condition using an eddy current dynamometer
and Emissions and fuel consumption reading were recorded. The engine was started
with biodiesel blends as fuels e the supply either by using a two way valve or a
premixing tank. Once the engine reaches steady state, the emission and fuel
consumption were taken. The same procedure is carried from zero to full load
condition. Similarly same procedures were carried for other fuels to be tested.
Figure 1 Experimental set up
The experimental test set up as shown in “Fig 1” consists of four stroke, constant
speed and single cylinder diesel engine. The engine is water cooled. The test was
conducted in a computerized variable compression ratio multi fuel engine test rig
developed by Legion Brothers. Extensive range of experiment can be done this test
rig. The compression variable from 5:1 to 10:1 for petrol and 14:1 to 20:1 for diesel. It
consists of spark plug, ignition coil, diesel injector, diesel pump and carburetor. It has
facility to export the data to Microsoft excel. A standard air tank is fitted with a
Differential pressure sensor for measuring the Actual volume of air drawn into the
cylinder. The thermocouple and necessary signal conditioner for the measurement of
temperature at various points are suitably provided. The loading of the engine is
4. Performance Characteristics of Biodiesel Mixtures In A Variable Compression Ratio
Engine with Cr 17
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 99 editor@iaeme.com
controlled by the computer, hence precise loading is achieved. The test rig is provided
with Eddy Current Dynamometer.
Figure 2 Test Engine, DAQ and Dynamometer
Experiments System has a lot of capabilities such as calculate Actual volume of air,
Calculate Volumetric Efficiency, Calculate specific fuel consumption (SFC),
Calculate brake Thermal Efficiency, Calculate Brake power, Heat Balance chart,
Brake power , Calculate mechanical efficiency, Calculate Frictional Power, Calculate
indicated Power, mechanical efficiency , PV and P-θ diagrams, Estimated End of
Combustion Angle, Gross IMEP, Maximum Heat Release Rate, Maximum Heat
Release rate crank angle, Maximum pressure rise rate, Maximum pressure rise rate
crank angle, Maximum pressure, Maximum pressure crank angle, Calculate Start of
Combustion, Ignition delay, ignition duration can be studied. Measurement of
temperature at different points are Inlet water temperature in calorimeter (range 0-
3000
C), Outlet water temperature in calorimeter (range 0-3000
C), Inlet exhaust gas
temperature in calorimeter (range 0-15000
C), Outlet exhaust gas temperature in
calorimeter (range 0-15000
C), Inlet water temperature to engine (range 0-3000
C) and
Outlet water temperature from the engine cylinder (range 0-3000
C). ‘K ’type
temperature sensor is used for the purpose.
Windows based powerful software for real time data measurement, auto zoom
graphs, analog and digital display of data in the computer, store indefinite no of
graphs for analysis. Facilities to export data to Microsoft excel. The data acquisition
software is developed by legion brothers. The following table shows the specifications
of various components.
5. Biju Cherian Abraham and Chindhu Prasad
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 100 editor@iaeme.com
Table 2 Specification
Engine Dynamometer
Make Legion Brothers
Type:
Make (Selectable
by the client)
PowerMagCompression Ratio 5: 1 to 20:1
No of cylinders Single
Cooling Water Cooling Air
Fuel Diesel Load
Measurement
method
Strain Gauge
Speed 1400-1500 RPM
HP 3 to 5HP Max Speed 3000 rev/m
Starting Manual Crank start HP 5 HP
Lubrication Forced Coupling Type Direct
3. RESULTS AND DESCUSSION
3.1. Engine performance
The combustion analysis tests are presented at various loads with a speed of 1500
rpm. The cetane number (CN) of biodiesel derived from the jatropha is 54 and Rubber
seed is 51 which is slightly higher than diesel which has the value of 49.
Figure 3 Pressure vs Crank Angle
Ignition delay is an important combustion parameter in diesel engine as it affects
start of combustion, rate of heat release and peak pressure which depends on its
cetane number. The maximum cylinder gas pressure was found to be 53.48 Bar, 43.40
Bar, 45.03 Bar at 0 Kg and 64.68 Bar, 58.87 Bar, 57.86 Bar at 9 Kg for D100, J20 and
JR20 respectively. At all engine loads, combustion starts earlier for biodiesel than for
diesel. This is due to a short ignition delay and advanced injection timing for biodiesel
(because of a higher bulk modulus and higher density of biodiesel). In spite of the
slightly higher viscosity and lower volatility of biodiesel, the ignition delay seems to
be lower for biodiesel than for diesel. The reason may be that a complex and rapid
pre-flame chemical reaction takes place at high temperatures. As a result of the high
cylinder temperature existing during fuel injection, biodiesel may undergo thermal
cracking and lighter compounds are produced, which might have ignited earlier to
0
20
40
60
-500 0 500
PRESSURE
CRANK ANGLE
PRESSURE VS CRANK ANGLE
AT 0 Kg
JR20
J20
D100 0
20
40
60
80
-500 0 500
PRESSURE
CRANK ANGLE
PRESSURE VS CRANK ANGLE
AT 9Kg
JR20
J20
D100
6. Performance Characteristics of Biodiesel Mixtures In A Variable Compression Ratio
Engine with Cr 17
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 101 editor@iaeme.com
result in a shorter ignition delay. At lower engine speed the variation is low as
compared to higher loads. As the engine load decreases, the residual gas temperature
and wall temperature decreases, which result in lower charge temperature at injection
time and lengthening the ignition delay.
Figure 4 BR TH Efficiency Figure 5 SFC
The variation of brake thermal efficiency of the engine for J20 and JR20 biodiesel
is shown in “Fig 4” and compared with the brake thermal efficiency obtained with
diesel. At lower brake powers the BTE of biodiesel blend and biodiesel mixtures are
same as that of diesel fuel. The reasons for this improvement of Brake thermal
efficiency is better combustion and better lubricating property of biodiesel. “Fig 6”
compares the specific fuel consumption of diesel and various bio blends. It was
observed that the specific fuel consumptions of the diesel as well as the blends were
decreased with increasing load up to 80% load and then increases. Due to lower
calorific value of biodiesel, for the same power output B20 needed more fuel flow
than diesel as shown, which is also reported by many researchers. At maximum
power, the fuel flow rate of J20 was about 2% higher than diesel.
From the figure it is clear that for jatropha biodiesel blend the volumetric
efficiency is very low. The volumetric efficiency of the diesel engine mainly depends
upon the combustion chamber temperature. The increase in the chamber temperature
increases the intake air temperature and consequently reduces the mass of air drawn in
each cycle thereby decreasing the volumetric efficiency. Biodiesel mixture has higher
volumetric efficiency when compared to biodiesel.
Figure 6 Vol. Efficiency Figure 7 Mech. Efficiency
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 2 4
BR.TH.EFF.
B. P.
B. P. VS BR. TH. EFFICIENCY
JR20
J20
D100 0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0 2 4
S.F.C.
B.P.
B. P. VS S. F. C.
JR20
J20
D100
80
82
84
86
88
90
0 2 4
VOL.EFF.
B. P.
B. P. VS VOL. EFFICIENCY
JR20
J20
D100 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 2 4
MECH.EFF.
B. P.
BP VS MECH. EFFICIENCY
JR20
j20
D100
7. Biju Cherian Abraham and Chindhu Prasad
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 102 editor@iaeme.com
The variations of mechanical efficiency with compression ratio for various blends
are shown in Figure 7. It has been observed that the mechanical efficiency of the
blends is less which may be due to difference in fuel properties such as viscosity and
density. The mechanical efficiency of the fuel blends is in general very close to that of
diesel.
3.2. Emission
By using this analyzer Carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrocarbon (HC), Nitrogen
oxides (NOx), Carbon dioxide (CO2) and Oxygen (O2) were measured for different
blends biodiesel with standard diesel and analyzed for different loads. Fig 8 shows the
variation of carbon monoxide with changing the load conditions. Generally CO
emissions are affected by start of injection timing, injection pressure, physical and
chemical properties of the fuel used, engine load, speed and improper air fuel mixing.
J20 and JR20 produced lower CO than diesel. Biodiesel contains 10–11% oxygen
content which promotes more complete combustion resulting lower CO emissions.
However, effects of biodiesel on CO emissions vary significantly among vehicles,
engine technology, test cycle, and the feed stocks used to produce the biodiesel.
Figure 8 CO% Figure 9 HC
The variation of hydrocarbon emission with different loads for different blends is
given in Fig.9. The fuel viscosity, fuel spray quality and characteristics also the
incomplete combustion affects the HC emission. At higher loads curve became too
steeper due to the rich fuel air mixture. It is seen that unburnt hydrocarbon emission
increases with that of load for all prepared test fuels. From figure it is understood that
biodiesel produces less HC emission in comparison to that of diesel because of better
combustion of the test fuel and its blend due to presence of oxygen.
Figure 10 NOX Figure 11 CO2%
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0 2 4
CO%
B.P.
B. P. Vs CO%
JR20
J20
D100 0
10
20
30
40
0 2 4
HCppm
B.P.
B. P. VS HC ppm
JR20
J20
D100
0
100
200
300
0 2 4
NOx
B.P.
B. P. Vs NOx
JR20
J20
D100
0
2
4
6
0 2 4
CO2%
B.P.
B. P. Vs CO2%
JR20
J20
D100
8. Performance Characteristics of Biodiesel Mixtures In A Variable Compression Ratio
Engine with Cr 17
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 103 editor@iaeme.com
The production of NOX is significantly influenced by the in-cylinder gas
temperature, availability of oxygen and residence time. The variation of nitrogen
oxide with respect to load for both fuels and their blends are as shown in the graph.
The present test results show that NOX emission increases almost linearly with
increase in engine load which is because of higher cylinder pressure and temperature
at higher loads. Due to higher oxygen content the J20 has highest rate of NOx
production. Proper oxygen content and appropriate temperature is necessary for
complete combustion.
The variation of carbon dioxide emission with different compression ratios are
shown in “Fig 11”. Due to lower calorific value of biodiesel more fuel was needed to
produce the same power and also due to fuel-borne oxygen in biodiesel, more carbon
was oxidized to CO2 than partial oxidation of carbon to CO. JR20 has the highest
level of CO2 emission as shown above. Table shows the values of CO2 emission for
all the fuels at the corresponding brake power.
4. CONCLUSION
The pressure developed in the engine is higher for the diesel as compared to the
biodiesel blends in all loads. The cetane number of the biodiesel is higher than the
diesel, which leads to a higher ignition delay for diesel. Ignition delay for all fuels
decreases as the engine load increases because the gas temperature inside the cylinder
is higher at high engine loads, which reduces the physical ignition delay.
BTE curve shows similar characteristics in lower loads and in higher loads the
biodiesel shows better performance. This may be due to better combustion of
biodiesels and lubricating property.
For biodiesel mixture it can be see that SFC is much higher than that of diesel at
lower BP and closer to diesel at higher brake power due to increased fuel efficiency.
Volumetric efficiency is low for the biodiesel as compared to the diesel. The
biodiesels are oxygen rich fuels, so the requirement of air reduces even under low
volumetric efficiency. The mechanical efficiency is higher for the Biodiesel fuel. As
compared to diesel, fuel blends have improved quality of spray, high reaction activity
in the fuel rich zone and heat loss due to lower flame temperature may be the reason
for increase in efficiency.
CO and HC emission are lower for both J20 and biodiesel mixtures when
compared to diesel due to complete combustion of fuel. The curves are steeper in
higher loads due to rich mixture combustion. The trend can be attributed to the higher
oxygen content of Jatropha biodiesel and biodiesel mixtures due to which complete
combustion takes place inside the cylinder.
It is observed that the CO2 emission of biodiesel is much higher value due to the
complete combustion of fuel.
NOx emission is more for J20 than diesel due to increase in oxygen content
because biodiesel contain many mono-unsaturated and poly-unsaturated fatty acids.
The exhaust temperature is higher for the jatropha biodiesel, which results higher
NOx values.
9. Biju Cherian Abraham and Chindhu Prasad
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 104 editor@iaeme.com
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