This study optimized the specific fuel consumption of a single cylinder diesel engine operating on blends of palm seed oil and diesel fuel. The parameters investigated were injection pressure, engine load, and blend ratio. A Taguchi experimental design with 16 runs was used to evaluate these parameters at different levels. Response curve analysis identified that an injection pressure of 200 bar, an engine load of 10 kg, and a blend ratio of B0D100 (100% diesel) produced the lowest specific fuel consumption of 0.28. The engine load had the greatest influence on specific fuel consumption, followed by injection pressure, with blend ratio having the smallest effect. The Taguchi method was able to optimize the engine parameters to minimize specific fuel consumption in fewer experimental trials
Parametric Optimization of Single Cylinder Diesel Engine for Pyrolysis Oil an...IOSR Journals
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Abstract: An experimental study has been carried out for pyrolysis oil blended with diesel used in single
cylinder diesel engine. Pyrolysis oil is obtained from tire waste by pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis process is a
thermo-chemical decomposition of organic matter in absence of oxygen. Blending of pyrolysis oil with diesel in
maximum possible proportion helps to reduce the consumption of diesel fuel. In this study, the effects of
parameters i.e. injection timing, injection pressure, compression ratio, and load are taken as variable for
optimization. As the experiment required simultaneously optimization of four parameters with five levels,
taguchi method of optimization is used in this experiment. The results of the taguchi experiment identifies that
220 injection timing, injection pressure 200 bar, compression ratio 16 and engine load 20kg are optimum
parameter setting for lowest break specific fuel consumption. Engine performance is mostly influenced by
engine load and is least influenced by Compression ratio.
Keyword: Pyrolysis oil, SFC, Taguchi Analysis, CI engine, Diesel
Performance, Combustion and Emission Evaluation of Fish and Corn Oil as subst...IDES Editor
Â
The indiscriminate usage of fossil fuels in many
countries has led to an increased interest in the search for
suitable alternative fuels. Methyl Esters of Vegetable oils and
Animal fats are found to be good alternative, renewable and
environmental friendly fuels for C.I. engines.
This paper presents the results of investigation carried
out in studying the properties and behavior of methyl esters
of corn seed oil, fish oil and its blends with diesel fuel in a C
I Engine. Engine tests have been carried out to determine the
performance, emission and combustion characteristics of the
above mentioned fuels.
The tests have been carried out in a 4-stroke,
computerized, single cylinder, constant speed, direct injection
diesel engine at different loads. The loads were varied from
0% to 100% of the maximum load in steps of 25%. The Methyl
Ester blends of 10%, 20% and 30% by volume with diesel were
used. The engine test parameters were recorded with the help
of engine analysis software and were studied with the help of
graphs.
The results showed that the properties of the above mentioned
oils are comparable with conventional diesel. The 20% blend
performed well in running a diesel engine at a constant speed
of 1500 rpm. It substantially reduced the emissions with
acceptable efficiency. Hence the oils can be used as suitable
additives for diesel in compression ignition engine.
Parametric Optimization of Single Cylinder Diesel Engine for Pyrolysis Oil an...IOSR Journals
Â
Abstract: An experimental study has been carried out for pyrolysis oil blended with diesel used in single
cylinder diesel engine. Pyrolysis oil is obtained from tire waste by pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis process is a
thermo-chemical decomposition of organic matter in absence of oxygen. Blending of pyrolysis oil with diesel in
maximum possible proportion helps to reduce the consumption of diesel fuel. In this study, the effects of
parameters i.e. injection timing, injection pressure, compression ratio, and load are taken as variable for
optimization. As the experiment required simultaneously optimization of four parameters with five levels,
taguchi method of optimization is used in this experiment. The results of the taguchi experiment identifies that
220 injection timing, injection pressure 200 bar, compression ratio 16 and engine load 20kg are optimum
parameter setting for lowest break specific fuel consumption. Engine performance is mostly influenced by
engine load and is least influenced by Compression ratio.
Keyword: Pyrolysis oil, SFC, Taguchi Analysis, CI engine, Diesel
Performance, Combustion and Emission Evaluation of Fish and Corn Oil as subst...IDES Editor
Â
The indiscriminate usage of fossil fuels in many
countries has led to an increased interest in the search for
suitable alternative fuels. Methyl Esters of Vegetable oils and
Animal fats are found to be good alternative, renewable and
environmental friendly fuels for C.I. engines.
This paper presents the results of investigation carried
out in studying the properties and behavior of methyl esters
of corn seed oil, fish oil and its blends with diesel fuel in a C
I Engine. Engine tests have been carried out to determine the
performance, emission and combustion characteristics of the
above mentioned fuels.
The tests have been carried out in a 4-stroke,
computerized, single cylinder, constant speed, direct injection
diesel engine at different loads. The loads were varied from
0% to 100% of the maximum load in steps of 25%. The Methyl
Ester blends of 10%, 20% and 30% by volume with diesel were
used. The engine test parameters were recorded with the help
of engine analysis software and were studied with the help of
graphs.
The results showed that the properties of the above mentioned
oils are comparable with conventional diesel. The 20% blend
performed well in running a diesel engine at a constant speed
of 1500 rpm. It substantially reduced the emissions with
acceptable efficiency. Hence the oils can be used as suitable
additives for diesel in compression ignition engine.
Experimental investigation of thermal performance of petrol engine using fuel...eSAT Publishing House
Â
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Performance Analysis of 4 Stroke Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Blend O...IJMER
Â
In current scenario, there are continuously increasing the number of automobiles and
correspondingly increasing the fuel consumption as well as fuel prices. In this regard, biodiesel is
found as an alternative fuel derived from natural fats or vegetable oils and it is considered as an
attractive alternative to replace diesel fuel.
In this work, biodiesel prepared from soya oil by Transesterification process with methyl alcohol.
Processed soya oil is blended with diesel in different proportions as B-10, B-20, B-30, B-40 and B-50.
Thermodynamic analysis of 4stroke single cylinder diesel engine, By using different blends of diesel &
soya oil has been carried out the effect of B-10,B-20,B-30,B-40,B-50 on the Brake Power, Thermal
Efficiency, Brake Specific Fuel Consumption and Total Fuel Consumption has been absorbed. The
experimental result shows that at B-40, the optimum BTE (12.09), maximum BP (1.221) and minimum
BSFC (0.694)
The use of blend methanol at High Compression Ratio in spark-ignition engineijsrd.com
Â
it can be obviously seen the world's fossil fuel reserves are limited. It is well known those passenger vehicles are dependent on fossil fuels such as gasoline, diesel fuel, liquefied petroleum gas, and natural gas. The fossil fuel used in passenger vehicles induces the air pollution, acid rains, build-up of carbon dioxide and crude oil; petroleum product will become very scarce and costly. Hence, there is a progressively interest related with using non-fossil sources in vehicles. Especially, the alcohol fuels (methanol, ethanol etc.) have been showed good candidates as alternative fuels for the vehicles equipped with SI. In this experimental study, the effect of methanol (30% and 40%) with gasoline (70% and 60%) tested to measure the performance and emission of 4- cylinder spark ignition multi-port fuel injection (MPFI) engine. The tests with/without methanol blends and increase compression ratio 8.8:1 to 11:1 were performed on a rope belt dynamometer while running the engine at speed 1500 rpm at different varying engine load. In these tests measure engine performance parameters like engine torque, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency and exhaust emission. After experimental investigations to measure engine power increase 10.6%, brake specific fuel consumption decrease 4.2%, brake thermal efficiency increase and exhaust gas emission is decrease with use of methanol blend fuel with gasoline.
EFFECT OF ADDITIVE AND RAW RUBBER SEED OIL MIXTURE IN A BIODIESEL IAEME Publication
Â
The main advantage favouring biofuels is that they are biodegradable and thus do not cause harm to the environment. Department of Energy study showed that the production and use of biodiesel, compared to petroleum diesel, resulted in a 78.5% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions The present study aims to investigate the importance of additives in biodiesel blends. Here DEE (Diethyl ether) used as the additives. The main aim of this study is to analyse the effect of compression ratio on the performance and emission of blends of biodiesel with and without using additives. The test has been conducted on three different fuels blends on a single cylinder VCR (Variable Compression Ratio Engine) DI diesel engine at a compression ratio of 16. The performance parameters include BTE, SFC, BP, Volumetric Efficiency and Mechanical efficiency. The exhaust gas emission is found to contain CO, HC, NOx and CO2.The three different fuel blends are 1) standard diesel 2) 20%Jatropha biodiesel, 3) diesel+20%Jatropha+5%DEE+ 3ml raw rubber seed oil. The result of the experimental works has been compared with standard diesel and it concludes considerable improvement in the performance parameters, as well as exhaust emissions.
Alcohols are particularly attractive as alternative fuels because they are a renewable resource. Ethanol has been
studied in spark ignition application. However, it is verydifficult to fuel compression ignition engines because of the lowercetane
number, higher latent heat, and otherchemical properties.This paper describes the performance (torque, brake mean effective
pressure, brake horse power, brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption rate) and emission (CO, HC, smoke)
characteristics of ethanol-diesel dual-fuels engine combustion for the homogeneous charge compression ignition engine.
A REVIEW PAPER ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION TEST OF 4 STROKE DIESEL ENGINE USI...ijsrd.com
Â
In day today's relevance, it is mandatory to device the usage of diesel in an economic way. In present scenario, the very low combustion efficiency of CI engine leads to poor performance of engine and produces emission due to incomplete combustion. Study of research papers is focused on the improvement in efficiency of the engine and reduction in emissions by adding ethanol in a diesel with different blends like 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% by volume. The performance and emission characteristics of the engine are tested observed using blended fuels and comparative assessment is done with the performance and emission characteristics of engine using pure diesel.
The use ofbiodiesel inconventional diesel engines resultsinsubstantialreductionof unburnedhydrocarbon,carbon
monoxideand particulatematters. The performance, emission and characteristics of a single cylinder four stroke
variable compression ratio multi fuel engine when fueled with mustard oil methyl ester and its 10%, 20%, and
blends with diesel (on a volume basis) are investigated and compared with standard diesel. Bio diesel
produced from mustard oil by transesterificationprocess has been used in this study. Experiment has been
conducted a compressionratios of 14:1, 16:1and 18:1 The impact of compression ratio on fuel consumption, and
exhaust gas emissions has been investigated and presented. Optimum compression ratio which gives best
performance has been identified. The blends when used as fuel results in reduction of carbon monoxide,
hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxides emissions. It is concluded that mustard oil ester can be used as fuel in diesel
engine by blending it with diesel fuel.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Â
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Experimental investigation of thermal performance of petrol engine using fuel...eSAT Publishing House
Â
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Performance Analysis of 4 Stroke Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Blend O...IJMER
Â
In current scenario, there are continuously increasing the number of automobiles and
correspondingly increasing the fuel consumption as well as fuel prices. In this regard, biodiesel is
found as an alternative fuel derived from natural fats or vegetable oils and it is considered as an
attractive alternative to replace diesel fuel.
In this work, biodiesel prepared from soya oil by Transesterification process with methyl alcohol.
Processed soya oil is blended with diesel in different proportions as B-10, B-20, B-30, B-40 and B-50.
Thermodynamic analysis of 4stroke single cylinder diesel engine, By using different blends of diesel &
soya oil has been carried out the effect of B-10,B-20,B-30,B-40,B-50 on the Brake Power, Thermal
Efficiency, Brake Specific Fuel Consumption and Total Fuel Consumption has been absorbed. The
experimental result shows that at B-40, the optimum BTE (12.09), maximum BP (1.221) and minimum
BSFC (0.694)
The use of blend methanol at High Compression Ratio in spark-ignition engineijsrd.com
Â
it can be obviously seen the world's fossil fuel reserves are limited. It is well known those passenger vehicles are dependent on fossil fuels such as gasoline, diesel fuel, liquefied petroleum gas, and natural gas. The fossil fuel used in passenger vehicles induces the air pollution, acid rains, build-up of carbon dioxide and crude oil; petroleum product will become very scarce and costly. Hence, there is a progressively interest related with using non-fossil sources in vehicles. Especially, the alcohol fuels (methanol, ethanol etc.) have been showed good candidates as alternative fuels for the vehicles equipped with SI. In this experimental study, the effect of methanol (30% and 40%) with gasoline (70% and 60%) tested to measure the performance and emission of 4- cylinder spark ignition multi-port fuel injection (MPFI) engine. The tests with/without methanol blends and increase compression ratio 8.8:1 to 11:1 were performed on a rope belt dynamometer while running the engine at speed 1500 rpm at different varying engine load. In these tests measure engine performance parameters like engine torque, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency and exhaust emission. After experimental investigations to measure engine power increase 10.6%, brake specific fuel consumption decrease 4.2%, brake thermal efficiency increase and exhaust gas emission is decrease with use of methanol blend fuel with gasoline.
EFFECT OF ADDITIVE AND RAW RUBBER SEED OIL MIXTURE IN A BIODIESEL IAEME Publication
Â
The main advantage favouring biofuels is that they are biodegradable and thus do not cause harm to the environment. Department of Energy study showed that the production and use of biodiesel, compared to petroleum diesel, resulted in a 78.5% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions The present study aims to investigate the importance of additives in biodiesel blends. Here DEE (Diethyl ether) used as the additives. The main aim of this study is to analyse the effect of compression ratio on the performance and emission of blends of biodiesel with and without using additives. The test has been conducted on three different fuels blends on a single cylinder VCR (Variable Compression Ratio Engine) DI diesel engine at a compression ratio of 16. The performance parameters include BTE, SFC, BP, Volumetric Efficiency and Mechanical efficiency. The exhaust gas emission is found to contain CO, HC, NOx and CO2.The three different fuel blends are 1) standard diesel 2) 20%Jatropha biodiesel, 3) diesel+20%Jatropha+5%DEE+ 3ml raw rubber seed oil. The result of the experimental works has been compared with standard diesel and it concludes considerable improvement in the performance parameters, as well as exhaust emissions.
Alcohols are particularly attractive as alternative fuels because they are a renewable resource. Ethanol has been
studied in spark ignition application. However, it is verydifficult to fuel compression ignition engines because of the lowercetane
number, higher latent heat, and otherchemical properties.This paper describes the performance (torque, brake mean effective
pressure, brake horse power, brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption rate) and emission (CO, HC, smoke)
characteristics of ethanol-diesel dual-fuels engine combustion for the homogeneous charge compression ignition engine.
A REVIEW PAPER ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION TEST OF 4 STROKE DIESEL ENGINE USI...ijsrd.com
Â
In day today's relevance, it is mandatory to device the usage of diesel in an economic way. In present scenario, the very low combustion efficiency of CI engine leads to poor performance of engine and produces emission due to incomplete combustion. Study of research papers is focused on the improvement in efficiency of the engine and reduction in emissions by adding ethanol in a diesel with different blends like 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% by volume. The performance and emission characteristics of the engine are tested observed using blended fuels and comparative assessment is done with the performance and emission characteristics of engine using pure diesel.
The use ofbiodiesel inconventional diesel engines resultsinsubstantialreductionof unburnedhydrocarbon,carbon
monoxideand particulatematters. The performance, emission and characteristics of a single cylinder four stroke
variable compression ratio multi fuel engine when fueled with mustard oil methyl ester and its 10%, 20%, and
blends with diesel (on a volume basis) are investigated and compared with standard diesel. Bio diesel
produced from mustard oil by transesterificationprocess has been used in this study. Experiment has been
conducted a compressionratios of 14:1, 16:1and 18:1 The impact of compression ratio on fuel consumption, and
exhaust gas emissions has been investigated and presented. Optimum compression ratio which gives best
performance has been identified. The blends when used as fuel results in reduction of carbon monoxide,
hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxides emissions. It is concluded that mustard oil ester can be used as fuel in diesel
engine by blending it with diesel fuel.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Â
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This study is aimed at investigating the optimum combination of various engine operating parameters for obtaining highest brake thermal efficiency and lowest emissions of smoke from a single cylinder diesel engine fuelled with Honge oil- ethanol blend. During this work, the experiments are designed using a tool known as design of experiments based on Taguchi and grey relational approaches. Engine operating parameters, namely, injector opening pressure, fuel injection timing and compression ratio are varied at three levels and the responses like brake thermal efficiency, brake specific energy consumption, emissions of oxides of nitrogen and smoke opacity are investigated.
THE PERFORMANCE OF BIODIESEL MIXTURES IN A VCR ENGINEIAEME Publication
Â
In recent years alternate fuels have received much attention because the world is confronted with the twin crisis of fossil fuel depletion and environmental degradation. The biodiesel produced from Jatropha oil by transesterification process represents one of the most promising options to reduce the use of conventional fossil fuels. The present work studies the performance and emission characteristics of a single cylinder water cooled variable compression ratio engine using jatropha biodiesel and its mixtures as fuel in a direct injection diesel engine. An additive DEE (Di-ethyl ether) is used to enhance the combustion properties of biodiesel. A total of 3 samples of fuels are used such as diesel, BD25 (Jatropha biodiesel 25%), BDM (Biodiesel mixture). The performance and emission characteristics are measured at compression ratios of 16, 17 and18 by varying the load and maintaining the speed constant at 1500 rpm. From the study results it has been found that better results are obtained at a compression ratio of 18. At this best compression ratio the performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel mixture is compared with BD 25 and Diesel Fuel (DF). It is observed that the use of additive have improved the performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel mixture and can be used as a substitute for diesel.
Performance Optimization of Diesel Engine with Chicken Waste Bio-diesel Blend...IJERD Editor
Â
This paper presents an experimental study that include an application of the grey relational analysis
to determine the optimum factor level to obtain optimum multiple-performance characteristics of a diesel engine
run with different low-percentage chicken waste biodiesel-diesel blends. Grey relational analysis is used for data
analysis and four factors, namely, low-percentage chicken waste biodiesel-diesel blend, compression ratio,
injection timing and injection pressure were each considered at four levels. An L16 orthogonal array was used to
collect data for various engine performance related responses under constant engine loads. Results of
confirmation tests showed good agreement with predicted quantities. The results of the study revealed that the
combination of a blend consisting of 10% chicken waste biodiesel (B10), a compression ratio of 18, an injection
pressure of 220 bar and an injection timing of 19° bTDC produces maximum multiple performance of the diesel
engine.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS OF TWO STROKE SPARK IGNITION EN...IAEME Publication
Â
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of two stroke single cylinder, spark ignition (SI) engine, with alcohol blended gasoline (80% gasoline, 20% methanol, by volume) having copper coated engine [CCE, copper-(thickness, 300 ÎĽ) coated on piston crown] and compared with
conventional SI engine (CE) with pure gasoline operation. Performance parameters (brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature and volumetric efficiency) were determined with different values of brake mean effective pressure of the engine Copper coated engine (CCE) with methanol blended
gasoline considerably improved the performance in comparison with CE with pure gasoline operation. CCE with methanol blended gasoline increased the brake thermal efficiency, decreased the exhaust gas temperature and
increased the volumetric efficiency.
Performance evaluation of lhr engine using palm stearn methyl ester oil with ...eSAT Journals
Â
Abstract Now a days for any country energy resourses in particular petroleum products have become important for its development. The products derived from crude oil continued to be the major and critical source of energy for transportation sector all over the world. For economic development of any country both industries and transportation sectors are very important for a growth of country like India. It is strongly depends on transportation and power generation. It is learnt that the fossil fuel are depleting at faster rate than expected. Hence the increasing demand of fossil fuel leads to exhaust of petroleum products in near future. In this connection the rising price of petroleum products and environmental concern lead to intensive studies on the use of alternative fuels. Any alternative fuel which find suitable as substitute to diesel is comparatively inferior to diesel in performance, emission and combustion characteristics. Hence there is a need to improve and optimize the fuel properties. In the present work an attempt is made to improve the performance of CI diesel engine using Vegetable oil ester. Hence in this work palm stern methyl ester is used with a modified piston geometry and LHR using concepts. The experiments are carried out on a 4-stroke single cylinder CI diesel engine of 5.2 KW. The experiments are conducted repeatedly with diesel fuel and palm stern methyl ester. Since these oils have slightly longer ignition delay, The low heat rejection engine concept is used in this work. In order to convert the base engine has LHR engine the piston crown is coated with partially stabilized zirconium PSZ of 0.5 mm thickness. From the results it is observed that the modified piston geometry with LHR engine concept has considerably given superior all round performance. Keywords: LHR Engine, Stearn Methyl Ester Oil, Piston Geometry, Piston Geometry
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This paper describes the CFD analysis and experimental validation for a blend of Ethanol and Diesel in CI Engine. Ethanol is the alcohol found in alcoholic beverages but it also makes an effective motor fuel. Since, ethanol possess low Cetane number it fails to auto ignite. In order to overcome this Diesel is blended with Ethanol. Thus the Diesel will ignite and thus facilitate the Ethanol to start burning. In this work a CFD model was created and the combustion analysis was carried out and the results were validated with experimental data. The Ethanol and Diesel fuels were mixed in different proportions and they were injected to the combustion chamber of a normal diesel engine. A single cylinder PC based VCR Engine was operated with this Ethanol - Diesel blend in different concentrations and at various loads. The experiment was successful and it showed that the Ethanol could be mixed with Diesel and could be injected without any engine modification. The difference between CFD and the experimental results obtained was found within acceptable range.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Â
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Â
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Â
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Â
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
Â
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
Â
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Â
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview​
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Â
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
Â
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
Â
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
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K012247277
1. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE)
e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 12, Issue 2 Ver. IV (Mar - Apr. 2015), PP 72-77
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/1684-12247277 www.iosrjournals.org 72 | Page
Parametric Optimization of Single Cylinder Diesel Engine for
Specific Fuel Consumption Using Palm Seed Oil as a Blend
Hiteshkumar J Makwana1
, Tushar M Patel2,
Gaurav P Rathod3
1
(ME Scholar , Department of Mechanical Engineering , LDRP-ITR/ KSV University, India)
2
(Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering , LDRP-ITR/ KSV University,India)
3
(Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering , LDRP-ITR/ KSV University,India)
Abstract: In this study, a blend of Palm seed oil is in the various proportions like 10%, 20%, 30%, and up to in
the diesel fuel added in a direct injection diesel engine. Engine performance have been investigated and
compared with the ordinary diesel fuel in a diesel engine. Experimental results show that the SFC
characteristics of the mixture of Palm seed oil–diesel fuel are close to the values obtained from diesel fuel.There
is required number of experiments which gives results in the form of set of parameter. This set of parameter give
different performance with reduction in different fuel consumption. From this sets of parameters, there must be
choose set of parameters.in this study, the effects of parameters’ i.e. load, injection pressure, blend are taken as
variable for optimization. Taguchi method of optimization is used in this experiment, using Taguchi method
numbers of reading are taken so Taguchi experiment identify that injection pressure 200 bar, engine load 10 kg
and blend B0D100 are optimum parameter setting for higher brake thermal efficiency
Keywords: Diesel, palm seed oil, parametric optimization, Specific fuel consumption (SFC), Taguchi method.
I. Introduction
Vegetable oils are among the various sources of energy fuels being considered as alternatives to fossil
fuels. Rapeseed, soybean, sunflower, coconut and palm oils have been the main raw materials for biodiesel
production. Today it is very essential to use alternative fuel because of energy security, environmental concerns
and socio-economic reasons. Over the last few years biodiesel has gained importance as an alternative fuel for
diesel engines. Manufacturing biodiesel from used vegetable oil is relatively easy and possesses many
environmental benefits. In such multivariate problems, use of nonlinear techniques like Design of Experiments
(DoE), fuzzy logic and neural network are suitable to explore the combined effects of input parameters. The
optimum operating parameters for a given system can be determined using experimental techniques but
experimental procedure will be time consuming and expensive when the number of parameters is in the order of
20, 30 etc., like in the case of IC engines. In such situations mathematical Modeling will be a very useful tool
for optimizing the parameters. Such mathematical tool is Design of Experiment. Although few studies were
reported using DoE in IC Engine applications, the study on combined effects between input system parameters
such as injection pressure, load, blend proportion on the performance and emission characteristics of CI engine
was scarce and offered a scope for this study. This research is presents the results of the experimental of the
characteristic of palm seed oil as an alternative fuel. This biodiesel is defined as the methyl ester of palm oil also
known as palm oil diesel. The results of this investigation will be used to find compatible lubricant for biodiesel
engine.
II. Palm Seed oil
Palm oil is one of the most popular fuels in this world. Palm oil can produced the variety of product
and is widely use as cooking oil. Palm oil like other vegetable oils can be used to create biodiesel for internal
combustion engines. Biodiesel has been promoted as renewable energy source to reduce net emissions of carbon
dioxide into atmosphere. Palm seed oil properties like density, Flash point and fire point were higher than this
may result in improper spray characteristic. Cetane number of palm seed oil higher than diesel so it would
positive impact on combustion quality of biodiesel. So the palm seed oil is used as different blending proportion.
2.1 Properties of palm seed oil
Fuel properties ASTM Palm seed oil Unite
Density at 15°C D4052 882 Kg/m3
Kinematic viscosity at 40ÂşC D445 7.01 cSt
Flash point (PMCC) D93 110 ÂşC
Fire point D93 140 ÂşC
Cetane number D613 77 %by mass
Gross calorific value D4809 33345.27 Kj/l
Table.1 properties of palm seed oil
2. Parametric Optimization of Single Cylinder Diesel Engine for Specific Fuel Consumption Using ….
DOI: 10.9790/1684-12247277 www.iosrjournals.org 73 | Page
III. Effect Of Parameter
Parameter plays most significant and effective role in internal combustion engine. Parameter affect on
the fuel consumption, performance of internal combustion engine significantly.
3.1 Injection Pressure
Injection pressure is a pressure which is required to inject the fuel into cylinder. For smooth function of
injector, it is required that the injection pressure is higher than cylinder pressure. Higher the injection pressure
gives better the dispersion and penetration of the fuel into all desired locations in combustion chamber.
3.2 Blend Proportion
Blend ratio is percentage of alternate fuel or additive in the convention fuel by V/V ratio. When bland
ratio increase or decrease, its changes the fuel consumption and consequently brake power and mechanical
efficiency also change in brake thermal efficiency. When alcohol is a content of blend, it provides oxygen. So
that, combustion becomes smooth and complete. Sometimes due to additive in the blend, there may be decrease
in CO and HC emission. Blend ratio is vastly influence on the combustion characteristics, performance and
emission. So that, if change in blend ratio, it may be change in above characteristics.
3.3 Engine Load
As engine speed increases, the loss of heat during compression decreases with the results that both
temperature and pressure of the compressed air tends to rise, thus the increase in turbulence, however may tend
to increase the heat loss in some cases.
Experimental Setup
The setup consists of single cylinder, four stroke, multi-fuel, research engine connected to eddy type
dynamometer for loading. The operation mode of the engine can be changed from diesel to Petrol of from Petrol
to Diesel with some necessary changes. In both modes the compression ration can be varied without stopping
the engine and without altering the combustion chamber geometry by specially designed tilting cylinder block
arrangement.
The injection point and spark point can be changed for research tests. Setup is provided with necessary
instruments for combustion pressure, Diesel line pressure and crank-angle measurements. These signals are
interfaced with computer for pressure crank-angle diagrams. Instruments are provided to interface airflow, fuel
flow, temperatures and load measurements. The set up has stand-alone panel box consisting of air box, two fuel
flow measurements, process indicator and hardware interface. Rota meters are provided for cooling water and
calorimeter water flow measurement. A battery, starter and battery charger is provided for engine electric start
arrangement.
Fig.1. Experimental setup
3. Parametric Optimization of Single Cylinder Diesel Engine for Specific Fuel Consumption Using ….
DOI: 10.9790/1684-12247277 www.iosrjournals.org 74 | Page
The setup enables study of VCR engine performance for brake power, indicated power, frictional
power, BMEP, IMEP, brake thermal efficiency, indicated thermal efficiency, Mechanical efficiency, volumetric
efficiency, specific fuel consumption, A/F ratio, heat balance and combustion analysis. Lab view based Engine
Performance Analysis software package “Engine soft” is provided for on line performance evaluation[2].
No. of cylinder Single cylinder
No. of strock 4
Cylinder dia. 87.5 mm
Stroke length 110 mm
C.R. length 234 mm
Orifice dia. 20 mm
Dynamometer arm length 185 mm
Fuel Diesel
Power 3.5 kw
Speed 1500 rpm
C.R. range 12:1 to 18:1
Inj. Point variation 0 to 25 Btdc
Table.2 Engine Specification
IV. Optimization Mathod
In this method, the fuel selected for research is mixed with standard diesel oil in various proportions on
volume basis and its properties such as calorific value was evaluated before admission. The blends are in 10%,
20% & 30% palm seed oil with standard diesel fuel. A method called “Taguchi” was used in the experiment for
simultaneous optimization of engine such as injection pressure and load condition.
4.1Taguchi Method of Optimization: Taguchi method is a simplest method of optimizing experimental
parameters in less number of trials. The number of parameters involved in the experiment determines the
number of trials required for the experiment. More number of parameters led to more number of trials and
consumes more time to complete the experiment. Hence, this was tried in the experiment to optimize the levels
of the parameter involved in the experiment. This method uses an orthogonal array to study the entire parameter
space with only a small number of experiments .To select an appropriate orthogonal array for the experiments,
the total degrees of freedom need to be computed. The degrees of freedom are defined as the number of
comparisons between design parameters that need to be made.The present study uses three factors at four levels
and hence, an L16 orthogonal array was used for the construction of experimental layout (Table 3, column 1, 2,
3&4).The L16 has the parameters such as blend, injection pressure and load arranged in column 2, 3 and 4.
According to this layout, sixteen (16) experiments were designed and trials were selected at random, to avoid
systematic error creeping into the experimental procedure. For each trial the brake specific fuel consumption
was calculated and used as a response parameter. Taguchi method uses a parameter called signal to noise ratio
(S/N) for measuring the quality characteristics. There are three kinds of signal to noise ratios are in practice. Of
which, the smaller-the-better S/N ratio was used in this experiment because this optimization is based on higher
SFC. The Taguchi method used in the investigation was designed by statistical software called “Minitab 16” to
simplify the Taguchi procedure and results. A full range experiment for the selected blend was also conducted
for after modifying the engine operating parameters. This is mainly to optimize the performance characteristics
of palm seed oil-diesel blend[1].
Fig.2.Flow chart of the Taguchi method
V. Result And Discussion
4. Parametric Optimization of Single Cylinder Diesel Engine for Specific Fuel Consumption Using ….
DOI: 10.9790/1684-12247277 www.iosrjournals.org 75 | Page
In this experiment blend, injection pressure and load are taken for optimization with the help of mini tab graph
is generated for BTE. There are 16 sets of parameter are taken for find out the result.
Sr no. Blend Injection pressure Load SFC
1 B0D100 160 1 1.33
2 B0D100 180 4 0.41
3 B0D100 200 7 0.32
4 B0D100 220 10 0.28
5 B10D90 160 4 0.44
6 B10D90 180 1 1.27
7 B10D90 200 10 0.29
8 B10D90 220 7 0.33
9 B20D80 160 7 0.30
10 B20D80 180 10 0.30
11 B20D80 200 1 1.21
12 B20D80 220 4 0.44
13 B30D70 160 10 0.28
14 B30D70 180 7 0.33
15 B30D70 200 4 0.42
16 B30D70 220 1 1.30
Table.3 L16 orthogonal array
5.1 Response curve analysis.
Response curve analysis is aimed at determining influential parameters and their optimum levels. It is
graphical representations of change in performance characteristics with the variation in process parameter. The
curve give a pictorial view of variation of each factor and describe what the effect on the system performance
would be when a parameter shifts from one level to another. Figure shows significant effects for each factor for
five levels. The S/N ratio for the performance curve were calculated at each factor level and average effects
were determined by taking the total of each factor level and dividing by the number of data points in the total.
The greater difference between levels, the parametric level having the lowest S/N ratio corresponds to the
parameters setting indicates highest performance[1].
From below Fig.3, the mean is an average value for reading taken for a particular parameter. From the
graph, the mean value is the maximum (0.8525) for B0D100 Blend & minimum (0.5625) for B20D80 Blend.
The mean value is the maximum (0.5875) for 160 bar and 220 bar injection pressure and minimum (0.5600) for
200 bar injection pressure. The mean value is the maximum (1.2775) for 1 kg engine load and minimum
(0.2875) for 10 kg engine load. Delta is difference of maximum value and minimum value. Delta value is
maximum for load parameter (0.9900) and minimum (0.0225) for the blend parameter. The Delta value of blend
is between other two parameters. So that effect of load is a maximum and effect of blend is minimum on
specific fuel consumption.
Fig.3 main effects plot for means SFC
From the below
fig.4, the response curve for S/N ratio, the highest S/N ratio was observed (25.54) at B0D100 blend, engine load
5. Parametric Optimization of Single Cylinder Diesel Engine for Specific Fuel Consumption Using ….
DOI: 10.9790/1684-12247277 www.iosrjournals.org 76 | Page
10kg (10.831) and injection pressure 200 bar (6.632), which are optimum parameter setting for highest specific
fuel consumption. From delta values as mention above, maximum of engine load is 12.95 and the minimum for
blend is 0.238. The parameter engine load is the most significant parameter and blend is less significant for
specific fuel consumption
Fig.4 main effects plot for SN ratio SFC
5.1Choosing optimum parameter of levels
Level 1 Blend Pressure Load
1 6.555 6.542 -2.122
2 6.359 6.439 7.385
3 6.598 6.632 9.904
4 6.486 6.385 10.831
Delta 0.238 0.247 12.953
Rank 3 2 1
Table.4 Response table for signal to noise ratio
VI. Predict performance at optimum setting
S/N RATIO SFC
11.02 0.28
Table.5 Optimum output
Using optimum set of parameters, which was achieved by response curve analysis was used for
prediction by Minitab software. Minitab software for Taguchi method of optimization was suggested specific
fuel consumption 0.28 and S/N ratio was 11.02 for optimum set of parameter as shown in table 5.
VII. Conclusion
Result of Taguchi experiment identified that 10 Kg load, 200 bar injection pressure and B0D100 blend
are optimum parameter setting for minimum specific fuel consumption, engine performance is mostly
influenced by engine load and least influenced by injection pressure.
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83-88.
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