Merauke as a food barn has been carried out since the days of the Dutch
administration, namely by making Merauke an Asia Pacific food warehouse. To
realize this target, the Dutch government conducted a program to move the
population known as colonization, namely by bringing residents from Java to be
moved to Merauke. After the independence period the Indonesian colonization
program was still held by the name of transmigration. These transmigrant farmers
then live side by side with local residents and transmit the ability to cultivate rice to
local residents in Merauke Regency who previously lived from gathering, shifting
fields, sago farming, fishing, hunting and farming with the method of lagging, finally
getting interested in learning to grow crops rice. The purpose of this study is to
analyze (1) the factors that influence rice farming production on transmigrant
This document summarizes a study on the technical efficiency of rice production among local farmers in Merauke Regency, Papua, Indonesia. It finds that the rice production of local farmers is not technically efficient, with 99% of inefficiency due to human/managerial factors. Technical inefficiency decreases with larger family size, and local farmers who own land are more efficient than those who do not. The Marind tribe is also found to be more efficient than other local tribes. The level of technical efficiency among farmers ranges from 34-99%.
Diagnostic analysis of variables of non adoption of rice technology by farmer...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the socio-economic variables contributing to the non-adoption of rice production technologies by farmers in Anambra State, Nigeria. The study surveyed 420 farmers and extension agents using a questionnaire. It found that key elements of finance, land access, and education had the highest impact on non-adoption. Specifically, the inability to obtain loans due to lack of collateral, high interest rates, and high land costs were most significant barriers related to finance and land access. A lack of ongoing farmer education through demonstration plots and follow-up visits also hindered adoption related to education. In conclusion, addressing these key constraints could help boost rice production and adoption of new technologies in Anambra State.
The document analyzes the adoption of farming technologies by vegetable farmers in Chapainawabganj, Bangladesh. It finds that most farmers are middle-aged with primary or secondary education. The majority have small landholdings, low annual incomes, and little access to credit or training. Regression analysis shows that education level, farm size, and innovativeness positively influence farmers' adoption of new technologies, while problems faced negatively affect adoption. The study aims to help extension workers promote appropriate technologies to overcome constraints faced by vegetable farmers.
Agroforestry Practices in Ballia District of Eastern Plain Region of Uttar Pr...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Agroforestry is an efficient land-use system where trees or shrubs are grown with arable crops, seeking positive interactions in enhancing productivity on the sustainable basis. Agroforestry combines agriculture and forestry technologies to create more integrated, diverse, productive, profitable, healthy and sustainable land-use systems. The study was conducted in selected villages (1%) of Ballia District of Eastern plain region of Uttar Pradesh in India during the year 2018 to record the crop combinations with tree species and their stratified arrangement to identify agroforestry practices. The socioeconomic studies based on general village profile, land holding, land use pattern and tree species planting pattern were performed in 1 % villages to collect the data with structured questionnaire and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) tools. The results demonstrated that a total of six different agroforestry practices, agri-silviculture, silvi-horticulture, agri-horticulture, agri-silvi-horticulture, silvi-pastoral, and homestead existed in different villages. Out of different categories, timber, fruits, medicinal, agriculture, flower and other plant species were recorded. It was recorded that out of existing agroforestry practices, scattered near farms and around homestead was found most common (about 37.7 %) followed by agri-silviculture (20.20 %), silvi-horticulture (19.1 %) and agri-horticulture (12.3 %). The pattern of plantation on bunds and blocks was 17.94 % and 16.82 % respectively. The benefits from agro forestry practices in the villages was also assessed and ranked in their order of preferences in respective blocks of district. The different benefits as fruits/vegetables, timber, shade, medicinal, fodder, firewood, protection, and soil erosion were scored from 1 to 8. It was concluded from the results that status of agroforestry in the studied zonal area of the region is in developing stage and needs to be improved by imparting technical knowledge about planting material, methods and sale of end produces of trees to the farmers and tree growers.
20.Improving agricultural productivity, A Lecture By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Vis...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
20.improving agricultural productivity, A Lecture By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province Pakistan
“Economic Analysis of Onion Production in Sujanagar and Santhia Areas of Pabn...inventionjournals
The study investigated the productivity, profitability and resource use efficiency of onion production in Sujanagar and Santhia areas of Pabna district, Bangladesh. The multi-stage sampling technique was employed for collecting primary data from a sample of 100 onion farmers elected randomly from four villages in the study area. Findings indicated that the socio-economic characteristics played important role in producing onion where most of the farmers were male, middle aged (41-60), more or less experienced and illiterate and Cobb-Douglas production function was applied for estimating the onion production function which implied the elasticity of output with respect to seed, cultivation, fertilizer, insecticide labor and irrigation that were positive values of 0.136, 0.244, 0.211, 0.130, 0.159 and 0.200 respectively and also significant. The yields, costs of production and net benefit of onion production were 1535.6 kg, Tk. 26329.63 and Tk. 26883.48 per bigha respectively which proved that the onion production was profitable over the study area. But the onion producers faced some major problems such as the lack of appropriate storage facility and technical knowledge, lack of efficient human labor and its higher price, unavailability of high yielding seed and higher input cost in the study area.
This study aims to analyze the stage of technology adoption and farmers’ behavior toward technology adoption on cropping systems of Jajar Legowo (JLS) and Direct Seeding System (DSS) on rice farming in the village of Duria Asi, Wonggeduku district of Konawe Regency, Indonesia. This research was conducted on March to May 2017. The research approach used is qualitative research. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, documentation, and archival footage. Data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the application of of jajar legowo planting system has not been widely applied (23%). Farmers’ behavior is determined by internal and external factors in determining the technology’s adoption ability of Jajar Legowo System and Direct Seeding System. Therefore, cooperation from extension agencies and researchers is needed to increase the ability of farmers’ group in rice field farming so that local institution can perform its function better in order to achieve the production target.
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CAPITAL ON SUSTAINABILITY OF SAGO PROCESSING BUSINESSIAEME Publication
The aspects of social capital and economic capital can support business
sustainability, such as the sago processing business in Tambat Village, Tanah Miring
District, Merauke Regency. Tambat villagers are dominated by two tribes, namely the
Marind Tribe and the Mandobo Tribe who have one of their livelihoods as a sago
producer. The objectives to be achieved in this study are to know the importance level
of social capital aspects and sago processing capital in Tambat Village towards the
sustainability of the sago starch processing business and to know the dominant
aspects of the continuation of sago starch processing efforts in Tambat Village. This
study uses a sample of research in the form of respondents totaling 60 respondents
from a total population of 153 heads of households. The results of the research data
were analyzed tabulated and described to answer the research objectives. The results
of the study show that the aspects of social capital that play a dominant and primary
role in the sustainability of the sago processing business are 1) the collaboration
between the Marind and Mandobo tribes; 2) implementation of written rules; 3)
responsibility for work as a sago processor and the role of the village in supporting
business. Whereas the aspect of economic capital which has a very important role to
support the sustainability of the sago starch processing business is 1) the quality of
production produced, 2) maintenance and supervision of machinery, and 3) labor
performance.
This document summarizes a study on the technical efficiency of rice production among local farmers in Merauke Regency, Papua, Indonesia. It finds that the rice production of local farmers is not technically efficient, with 99% of inefficiency due to human/managerial factors. Technical inefficiency decreases with larger family size, and local farmers who own land are more efficient than those who do not. The Marind tribe is also found to be more efficient than other local tribes. The level of technical efficiency among farmers ranges from 34-99%.
Diagnostic analysis of variables of non adoption of rice technology by farmer...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the socio-economic variables contributing to the non-adoption of rice production technologies by farmers in Anambra State, Nigeria. The study surveyed 420 farmers and extension agents using a questionnaire. It found that key elements of finance, land access, and education had the highest impact on non-adoption. Specifically, the inability to obtain loans due to lack of collateral, high interest rates, and high land costs were most significant barriers related to finance and land access. A lack of ongoing farmer education through demonstration plots and follow-up visits also hindered adoption related to education. In conclusion, addressing these key constraints could help boost rice production and adoption of new technologies in Anambra State.
The document analyzes the adoption of farming technologies by vegetable farmers in Chapainawabganj, Bangladesh. It finds that most farmers are middle-aged with primary or secondary education. The majority have small landholdings, low annual incomes, and little access to credit or training. Regression analysis shows that education level, farm size, and innovativeness positively influence farmers' adoption of new technologies, while problems faced negatively affect adoption. The study aims to help extension workers promote appropriate technologies to overcome constraints faced by vegetable farmers.
Agroforestry Practices in Ballia District of Eastern Plain Region of Uttar Pr...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Agroforestry is an efficient land-use system where trees or shrubs are grown with arable crops, seeking positive interactions in enhancing productivity on the sustainable basis. Agroforestry combines agriculture and forestry technologies to create more integrated, diverse, productive, profitable, healthy and sustainable land-use systems. The study was conducted in selected villages (1%) of Ballia District of Eastern plain region of Uttar Pradesh in India during the year 2018 to record the crop combinations with tree species and their stratified arrangement to identify agroforestry practices. The socioeconomic studies based on general village profile, land holding, land use pattern and tree species planting pattern were performed in 1 % villages to collect the data with structured questionnaire and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) tools. The results demonstrated that a total of six different agroforestry practices, agri-silviculture, silvi-horticulture, agri-horticulture, agri-silvi-horticulture, silvi-pastoral, and homestead existed in different villages. Out of different categories, timber, fruits, medicinal, agriculture, flower and other plant species were recorded. It was recorded that out of existing agroforestry practices, scattered near farms and around homestead was found most common (about 37.7 %) followed by agri-silviculture (20.20 %), silvi-horticulture (19.1 %) and agri-horticulture (12.3 %). The pattern of plantation on bunds and blocks was 17.94 % and 16.82 % respectively. The benefits from agro forestry practices in the villages was also assessed and ranked in their order of preferences in respective blocks of district. The different benefits as fruits/vegetables, timber, shade, medicinal, fodder, firewood, protection, and soil erosion were scored from 1 to 8. It was concluded from the results that status of agroforestry in the studied zonal area of the region is in developing stage and needs to be improved by imparting technical knowledge about planting material, methods and sale of end produces of trees to the farmers and tree growers.
20.Improving agricultural productivity, A Lecture By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Vis...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
20.improving agricultural productivity, A Lecture By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province Pakistan
“Economic Analysis of Onion Production in Sujanagar and Santhia Areas of Pabn...inventionjournals
The study investigated the productivity, profitability and resource use efficiency of onion production in Sujanagar and Santhia areas of Pabna district, Bangladesh. The multi-stage sampling technique was employed for collecting primary data from a sample of 100 onion farmers elected randomly from four villages in the study area. Findings indicated that the socio-economic characteristics played important role in producing onion where most of the farmers were male, middle aged (41-60), more or less experienced and illiterate and Cobb-Douglas production function was applied for estimating the onion production function which implied the elasticity of output with respect to seed, cultivation, fertilizer, insecticide labor and irrigation that were positive values of 0.136, 0.244, 0.211, 0.130, 0.159 and 0.200 respectively and also significant. The yields, costs of production and net benefit of onion production were 1535.6 kg, Tk. 26329.63 and Tk. 26883.48 per bigha respectively which proved that the onion production was profitable over the study area. But the onion producers faced some major problems such as the lack of appropriate storage facility and technical knowledge, lack of efficient human labor and its higher price, unavailability of high yielding seed and higher input cost in the study area.
This study aims to analyze the stage of technology adoption and farmers’ behavior toward technology adoption on cropping systems of Jajar Legowo (JLS) and Direct Seeding System (DSS) on rice farming in the village of Duria Asi, Wonggeduku district of Konawe Regency, Indonesia. This research was conducted on March to May 2017. The research approach used is qualitative research. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, documentation, and archival footage. Data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the application of of jajar legowo planting system has not been widely applied (23%). Farmers’ behavior is determined by internal and external factors in determining the technology’s adoption ability of Jajar Legowo System and Direct Seeding System. Therefore, cooperation from extension agencies and researchers is needed to increase the ability of farmers’ group in rice field farming so that local institution can perform its function better in order to achieve the production target.
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CAPITAL ON SUSTAINABILITY OF SAGO PROCESSING BUSINESSIAEME Publication
The aspects of social capital and economic capital can support business
sustainability, such as the sago processing business in Tambat Village, Tanah Miring
District, Merauke Regency. Tambat villagers are dominated by two tribes, namely the
Marind Tribe and the Mandobo Tribe who have one of their livelihoods as a sago
producer. The objectives to be achieved in this study are to know the importance level
of social capital aspects and sago processing capital in Tambat Village towards the
sustainability of the sago starch processing business and to know the dominant
aspects of the continuation of sago starch processing efforts in Tambat Village. This
study uses a sample of research in the form of respondents totaling 60 respondents
from a total population of 153 heads of households. The results of the research data
were analyzed tabulated and described to answer the research objectives. The results
of the study show that the aspects of social capital that play a dominant and primary
role in the sustainability of the sago processing business are 1) the collaboration
between the Marind and Mandobo tribes; 2) implementation of written rules; 3)
responsibility for work as a sago processor and the role of the village in supporting
business. Whereas the aspect of economic capital which has a very important role to
support the sustainability of the sago starch processing business is 1) the quality of
production produced, 2) maintenance and supervision of machinery, and 3) labor
performance.
This document discusses potato production in the Sabarkantha district of Gujarat state in India. It finds that potato is an important crop for the district, occupying about 18.46% of the state's total potato area. The district ranks second in area and production of potato after Banaskantha district, though it ranks fourth in average productivity. The study examined potato growers' adoption of recommended production technologies and marketing management practices. It found that most growers had medium knowledge and adoption of technologies. Irrigation management was the most adopted practice, while crop rotation was the least.
The document discusses knowledge levels of farmers in Kota region of Rajasthan regarding improved pea production technology. It finds that 50.5% of farmers have a medium knowledge level, while 21% have low knowledge and 28.5% have high knowledge. Knowledge was generally higher among small farmers than marginal farmers. The majority of farmers had good knowledge of soil preparation, sowing time, and weed management, while knowledge was lower regarding fertilizer application, irrigation, and seed rates. Improving farmer knowledge of all aspects of pea production technology could help increase yields in the region.
The document discusses potato farming in the Sabarkantha district of Gujarat, India. It finds that:
1) The majority (56.67%) of potato growers were in the middle age group, and the majority (35.83%) had a high secondary level of education.
2) Most potato growers had medium levels of social participation (60.83%), land holdings (42.50% semi-medium), annual income (67.50% medium), and extension participation (71.67% medium).
3) The most commonly adopted irrigation method was drip irrigation, used by 61.67% of potato growers.
This document presents a master's seminar on assessing the effectiveness of a participatory newsletter for imparting education on potato production in the Tarai region of Uttarakhand, India. It begins with an introduction to the importance of agriculture and potato production in India and Uttarakhand. It then discusses the problem statement, objectives, and research questions. A review of literature covers characteristics of potato growers, their information needs, participatory message design, and the effectiveness of participatory media. The overall goal is to develop a participatory newsletter and assess its impact on knowledge gain regarding potato cultivation.
The document summarizes a study on the problems faced by rice farmers in Pakistan. It finds that the major production-related problems reported by farmers are high fertilizer prices and counterfeiting issues (reported by 85% of farmers), shortage of canal water (65.83% of farmers), and high prices of agricultural inputs (61.66% of farmers). For crop protection, farmers said pesticides and fungicides were costly and ineffective. Marketing problems included unsatisfactory prices, poor transportation and storage, and lack of knowledge about market prices. Overall, farmers expressed dissatisfaction with government efforts to address their problems.
Estimating productivity gap and contribution of wheat productionsanaullah noonari
Shaheed Benazirabad farmers were divided into groups named high yield group, medium yield group and low
yield group. The farmers applied an average of 45.27 kg, 45.82 kg and45.18 kg seed per acre respectively.
Though, there is not a very large difference in average seed used by both farmer groups but the later used less
quantity of wheat seed per acre to some extent. The impact of different factors on these groups was measured
through multiple liner regression models. It was found that there exists a yield gap of 17.84 mounds per acre
between high yield group and research station. The yield gap between medium and high group was 8.02 Mds per
acre while the yield gap between medium group and low yield group was 5.93 Mds per acre. The standard error
of estimates F-statics and R-square for high yield group was 0.0623, 2.470 and 0.398 respectively, for medium
yield group 0.0314, 3.231 and 0.486 respectively and for low yield group 0.056, 1.342 and 0.345 respectively.
The other objective of the study was to calculate the growth rate of wheat in District Shaheed Benazirabad
Sindh. The exponential function was used to calculate the growth rate. It was found during study that the growth
rate of wheat in Pakistan was 2.59%, 2.94% growth of wheat in Sindh and in District Shaheed Benazirabad was -
1.17%, 9.75% respectively.
Keywords: Wheat, Productivity, yield gap, F-statics, R-square, Benazirabad, Pakistan.
Mobile phones have the potential to catalyze agricultural growth in India by reducing information asymmetry faced by farmers. By providing timely access to customized information on weather, market prices, and best practices via their mobile phones, farmers can improve yields, better time supplies to market demands, and increase earnings by 5-25%. However, mobile impacts are currently constrained by lack of infrastructure, access to credit, and trust in information quality. Complementing mobile services with extension efforts could help farmers adopt new techniques faster and maximize productivity gains. Policy support is needed to address infrastructure gaps and access to inputs in order for small farmers to fully leverage the benefits of mobile information access.
Sustainable Agriculture Technologies (SATs) significantly contribute to addressing the negative effects of land degradation, poor soil health and climate variability in the agriculture sector. Despite efforts made by different stakeholders in promoting SATs to improve maize productivity in Mzimba South in Malawi, the adoption of the technologies among small-scale farmers remains unsatisfactory. As a result, most of the farmers continue to realize low maize yields. A survey was conducted from July to September 2019 to investigate the influence of selected institutional and technological factors on the adoption of SATs in maize farming among the small-scale farmers in Mzimba South. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select a representative sample of 132 small-scale maize farming household heads. Data was collected using a researcher-administered questionnaire. Multivariate probit, ordered probit and ordinary least square (OLS) models were applied to determine the influence of the selected factors on the adoption of SATs at α level of .05 using STATA and SPSS. Qualitative data was analyzed by a deductive approach, in which responses were categorized and summarized under the related themes. The study established that the adoption of SATs was significantly influenced by membership in farmer organizations (FOs), access to extension services, and the levels of relative advantage and complexity associated with the SATs. The findings of the study implied that the Government of Malawi and relevant stakeholders in the agriculture sector need to train and recruit more extension field staff to improve coverage and frequency of extension services delivery on sustainable agriculture. The stakeholders should also promote affiliation of the small-scale farmers to FOs to improve access to agricultural extension services and production resources on sustainable farming. In addition, efforts should be made to develop and promote affordable mechanization options for reducing farm drudgery associated with the implementation of SATs. Furthermore, the Government of Malawi should facilitate the formulation, enactment, and enforcement of local by-laws for safeguarding the SATs and their related inputs (or raw materials) against vandalism, livestock damage, and bushfires.
Impact of Frontline Demonstration (Fld’s) On Adoption Behavior of Soybean Gro...iosrjce
The main objective of the FLD is to demonstrate newly released crop production and protection
technology and its management practices on the farmer‟s field by the scientists themselves before taking it into
main extension system of State Department of Agriculture under different agro-climatic regions and in real
farming system. Presently the FLDs are mainly conducted through KVKs in all over the country. This is the
mandatory function of KVK to remove lack of knowledge and constraints in the adoption of improved soybean
production technology. Keeping all these views in mind, the present investigation entitled “Study on knowledge
and adoption level of soybean growers through Front Line Demonstrations (FLDs‟) in Ujjain district of M.P.”
For this purpose the data collected on a well prepared interview schedule. through personal interview method
by the investigator. The major findings of the study is majority of the respondents (beneficiaries of FLD
programme and non-beneficiaries) possessed medium level of adoption level. The „t‟ test indicated that there is
a significant difference between scores mean of both the group. Thus, it can be stated that, there is an impact of
FLD programme on the adoption level of the soybean growers.
Analysis of Land Use Efficiency among Women Cassava Farmers in South-West Nig...Premier Publishers
This study analyzed land use efficiency among women cassava farmers in Southwest Nigeria. A survey was conducted of 300 female cassava farmers across 4 local government areas in Ogun and Ondo states. Heckman probit and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models were used to analyze the data. Heckman probit found that farm size, primary occupation, income, number of dependents, proximity to processing industry and social group positively influenced access to land, while cassava output, access to extension, household size and proximity to market negatively influenced access. DEA showed that 12.8% of land-secured farmers were technically efficient, compared to 3.74% of non-land secured farmers, and mean efficiencies
The study examined the production constraints of maize cultivation in Mokokchung district of Nagaland, India. 200 farmers were surveyed across 8 villages. The major constraint reported was the non-availability of quality seed (89.5% of respondents). Other significant constraints included a lack of irrigation facilities (73% of respondents) and other infrastructure problems like lack of water storage. The study aims to identify ways to overcome these constraints, such as ensuring improved seed varieties are available to farmers.
Design, development and fabrication of a compact harvesterLaukik Raut
This machine targets the small scale farmers
who have land area of less than 2 acres. This machine is
compact and can cut up to two rows of soybean plant. It has
cutting blades which cut the crop in a scissoring type of
motion. It runs on diesel engine of 3HP, this power from
engine, is provided through pulley and gear box
arrangement to the cutter. A collecting mechanism is
provided for the collection of crops to one side after cutting.
This mechanism is also powered by pulley arrangement.
This compact harvester is manufactured using locally
available spare parts and thus, it is easily maintainable. This
harvester might be the solution to the problems faced by a
small scale farmer regarding cost and labour
implementation. After testing this machine in farm it is
found that the cost of harvesting using this harvester is
considerably less as compare to manual harvesting.
Sources of Risk and Management Strategies among Farmers in Rice Post Harvest ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
— The study examined sources of risk and management strategies among farmers in rice post harvest management in Niger State. The research was undertaken in five Local Government Areas of Niger State, namely Katcha, Lavun, Paikoro, Shiroro and Wushishi. Data obtained for the research was achieved through questionnaires administered to 200 farmers selected using multi-stage sampling techniques. Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis. The study showed that rice post harvest management is carried out by subsistence farmer with average farm size of 2.7ha and are of active productive age of 31-50 years, who have 24 years farming experience in the rice post harvest management. The study revealed that farmers in the study area are affected by production risk, financial risk, human or personal risk, market or price risk and technological risk sources. The farmers have adopted prevention, mitigation and coping with risk as management strategies. Based on the findings the study recommended provision of credit facilities, rice post harvest machineries at subsidized rate, rural infrastructures, cooperative formation, use of extension officer and proper storage facilities.
Despite the sago palm’s significant contribution to village economies since early times, it has never been cultivated in a systematic manner by local farmers in Luwu Utara Regency, Indonesia. This study examines farmers’ willingness to plant sago palm and the determinant factors influencing farmers’ adoption behavior. A descriptive analysis and binary logit model were used for this paper. The results revealed that the majority of the respondents agree that replanting is generally important and they believe it to be of concern for every local farmer. The results further indicate that knowledge of an integrated cultivation system of sago, access to information and training, internal motivation, work experience, and the size of the sago area are the determinant factors influencing farmers to plant sago palm. The findings in this study could explain farmers’ adoption of a better cultivation system plays an important role in the future of sustainable sago palm production.
Postharvest orange losses and small scale farmers’ perceptions on the loss ca...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on postharvest orange losses and the perceptions of small-scale farmers in Rusitu Valley, Zimbabwe on the causes of losses. On average, small-scale farmers in the valley own 1 acre of land with 55 orange trees, harvesting 1,200 kg per tree (66,000 kg total). However, farmers reported losing an average of 480 kg per tree (26,400 kg or 40% of total harvest). The total estimated loss across all valley farmers was 89.5 million kg, valued at $8.95 million. Farmers perceived fruit flies (54%) and red weaver ants (36%) as the main causes of losses. Trapping identified the invasive fruit fly Bactrocer
Adoption of Different Potato Planting Techniques: Levels and DynamicsDr. Binoy Tripura
This document provides an introduction to research being conducted on the adoption of different potato planting techniques, specifically the use of true potato seeds (TPS), in Tripura, India. It discusses the importance of potatoes in India and Tripura, challenges with traditional potato cultivation methods, and the development of TPS production to address issues with seed availability and cost. The research aims to analyze farmer adoption of TPS over time and factors influencing adoption levels.
Design and Development of Vegetable Planting MachineIJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT:- India is the second largest producer of vegetable in the world (ranks next to China only). India share 12 percent of world production of vegetable with a productivity of about 15 tons per ha which is quite low as compared to many countries. In India transplanting of vegetable seedling is done manually all over the country, as no machine is yet available commercially for this work. High labour requirement and shortage of labour during peak transplanting season causes delay in transplanting and affects timely operation [1].The basic requirements for small scale cropping machines are, they should be suitable for small farms, simple in design and technology and versatile for use in different farm operations. A manually operated template row planter was designed and developed to improve planting efficiency and reduce drudgery involved in manual planting method [2].Farm mechanization aims at higher production rate reduction in human drudgery. Many operations in agriculture are now being performed by machines. This reduces the labour requirements which have been the principal motivating force in mechanization. Due to small land holding is not possible to mechanize all the farming operations. Large machines cannot be operated these small farms. Also our farmers cannot afford to buy large costly machine. Vegetable planting machine is a device which helps in planting of vegetable plants in a desired position hence assisting the farmers in saving time and money. The basic objective of planting operation is to plant the vegetable plants in rows at desired depth and plant to plant spacing cover the plants with soil and provide proper compaction over the plant [3].
- The production of pulses in Punjab has declined significantly over the past 40 years, from 308,000 metric tons in 1970-71 to just 17,000 metric tons in 2010-11. This is due to a sharp fall in the area allocated to pulses, from 414,000 hectares to just 20,000 hectares over the same period.
- Yield rates for pulses have increased but not enough to offset the large reduction in area. While Punjab's pulse yields are higher than the national average, production has grown at the national level but declined in Punjab.
- The shift to mono-cropping of wheat and rice following the Green Revolution has reduced crop diversification and crowded out pulses. Government policies and market
The research objectives achieved in this study were estimating the level of income
and feasibility of pulut uri organic farming in the District of Muting in Merauke
Regency. the type of research used is descriptive analytical research using basic data
from the results of previous studies, namely experimental research in organic
cultivation of uri corn. The basic data obtained is the data of organic uri corn on the
treatment of 0 tons / ha, 5 tons / ha, and 10 tons / ha of organic fertilizer. In this
study, identification of production, income and business feasibility costs will be
carried out using basic selling prices at the merchant level and at the end of the
consumer level. The data were analyzed by revenue, income / profit and feasibility
analysis of uri corn pulp. The results of the study concluded that with the selling price
of R. 3,000 / kg in the yield of pulverized corn, farmers would not get a large profit
with a feasibility rate of <1, which means that at that price level the farmers would
lose. Whereas with the selling price of Rp. 10,000 / kg of farmer's income will be
greater with the feasibility level> 1 which means that farmers will get profits or in
other words pulut organic corn farming can be developed in Merauke Regency
Timely transplanting of crops is essential for good yield which may be possible by mechanization. Farmer friendly and cost effective mechanized solutions for reducing drudgery and labour cost.
Relationship between Farmers’ Participation in Technology Development and Dis...Premier Publishers
Improved sugarcane varieties have been developed and promoted in Kenya, to enhance sugarcane productivity. However, their acceptance by farmers is low. This paper investigates this phenomenon in attempt to underpin contributing factors to low acceptance. It examines the relationship between farmers’ participation in technology development and dissemination processes; and acceptability of improved sugarcane varieties in Kakamega County. This study used cross-sectional survey research design. Target population was 137,355 small-scale sugarcane farmers from Kakamega County, from which a sample of 384 farmers was randomly selected. Questionnaires were used to collect data, which was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study established limited participation of sugarcane farmers in the development and dissemination of improved sugarcane varieties. Significant relationships were established between farmers’ participation in the development and dissemination of improved sugarcane varieties with their acceptability by farmers. The number of year’s farmers had produced these varieties was found to be a strong indicator of their acceptability by farmers. Research findings indicate need to avail necessary information about the improved varieties to farmers by the extension service providers. Utilization of farmer Participatory Technology Development and Dissemination approaches need to be enhanced in the development and dissemination of improved sugarcane technologies.
Report on RAWE and Agro-industrial attachment 2022Deependra Gupta
The document discusses Deependra Gupta's progressive report on the Rural Agricultural Work Experience (RAWE) and Agro-Industrial Attachment (AIA) program, which provides students hands-on experience in rural villages and agriculture industries. The report details the various activities Gupta participated in at KVK-II Katiya, including growing crops, celebrating soil day, vermicomposting, and interacting with farmers. The village attachment portion of the RAWE program exposed Gupta to the socioeconomic conditions and land use of Katiya village with 584 families and a population of 1260.
This document discusses potato production in the Sabarkantha district of Gujarat state in India. It finds that potato is an important crop for the district, occupying about 18.46% of the state's total potato area. The district ranks second in area and production of potato after Banaskantha district, though it ranks fourth in average productivity. The study examined potato growers' adoption of recommended production technologies and marketing management practices. It found that most growers had medium knowledge and adoption of technologies. Irrigation management was the most adopted practice, while crop rotation was the least.
The document discusses knowledge levels of farmers in Kota region of Rajasthan regarding improved pea production technology. It finds that 50.5% of farmers have a medium knowledge level, while 21% have low knowledge and 28.5% have high knowledge. Knowledge was generally higher among small farmers than marginal farmers. The majority of farmers had good knowledge of soil preparation, sowing time, and weed management, while knowledge was lower regarding fertilizer application, irrigation, and seed rates. Improving farmer knowledge of all aspects of pea production technology could help increase yields in the region.
The document discusses potato farming in the Sabarkantha district of Gujarat, India. It finds that:
1) The majority (56.67%) of potato growers were in the middle age group, and the majority (35.83%) had a high secondary level of education.
2) Most potato growers had medium levels of social participation (60.83%), land holdings (42.50% semi-medium), annual income (67.50% medium), and extension participation (71.67% medium).
3) The most commonly adopted irrigation method was drip irrigation, used by 61.67% of potato growers.
This document presents a master's seminar on assessing the effectiveness of a participatory newsletter for imparting education on potato production in the Tarai region of Uttarakhand, India. It begins with an introduction to the importance of agriculture and potato production in India and Uttarakhand. It then discusses the problem statement, objectives, and research questions. A review of literature covers characteristics of potato growers, their information needs, participatory message design, and the effectiveness of participatory media. The overall goal is to develop a participatory newsletter and assess its impact on knowledge gain regarding potato cultivation.
The document summarizes a study on the problems faced by rice farmers in Pakistan. It finds that the major production-related problems reported by farmers are high fertilizer prices and counterfeiting issues (reported by 85% of farmers), shortage of canal water (65.83% of farmers), and high prices of agricultural inputs (61.66% of farmers). For crop protection, farmers said pesticides and fungicides were costly and ineffective. Marketing problems included unsatisfactory prices, poor transportation and storage, and lack of knowledge about market prices. Overall, farmers expressed dissatisfaction with government efforts to address their problems.
Estimating productivity gap and contribution of wheat productionsanaullah noonari
Shaheed Benazirabad farmers were divided into groups named high yield group, medium yield group and low
yield group. The farmers applied an average of 45.27 kg, 45.82 kg and45.18 kg seed per acre respectively.
Though, there is not a very large difference in average seed used by both farmer groups but the later used less
quantity of wheat seed per acre to some extent. The impact of different factors on these groups was measured
through multiple liner regression models. It was found that there exists a yield gap of 17.84 mounds per acre
between high yield group and research station. The yield gap between medium and high group was 8.02 Mds per
acre while the yield gap between medium group and low yield group was 5.93 Mds per acre. The standard error
of estimates F-statics and R-square for high yield group was 0.0623, 2.470 and 0.398 respectively, for medium
yield group 0.0314, 3.231 and 0.486 respectively and for low yield group 0.056, 1.342 and 0.345 respectively.
The other objective of the study was to calculate the growth rate of wheat in District Shaheed Benazirabad
Sindh. The exponential function was used to calculate the growth rate. It was found during study that the growth
rate of wheat in Pakistan was 2.59%, 2.94% growth of wheat in Sindh and in District Shaheed Benazirabad was -
1.17%, 9.75% respectively.
Keywords: Wheat, Productivity, yield gap, F-statics, R-square, Benazirabad, Pakistan.
Mobile phones have the potential to catalyze agricultural growth in India by reducing information asymmetry faced by farmers. By providing timely access to customized information on weather, market prices, and best practices via their mobile phones, farmers can improve yields, better time supplies to market demands, and increase earnings by 5-25%. However, mobile impacts are currently constrained by lack of infrastructure, access to credit, and trust in information quality. Complementing mobile services with extension efforts could help farmers adopt new techniques faster and maximize productivity gains. Policy support is needed to address infrastructure gaps and access to inputs in order for small farmers to fully leverage the benefits of mobile information access.
Sustainable Agriculture Technologies (SATs) significantly contribute to addressing the negative effects of land degradation, poor soil health and climate variability in the agriculture sector. Despite efforts made by different stakeholders in promoting SATs to improve maize productivity in Mzimba South in Malawi, the adoption of the technologies among small-scale farmers remains unsatisfactory. As a result, most of the farmers continue to realize low maize yields. A survey was conducted from July to September 2019 to investigate the influence of selected institutional and technological factors on the adoption of SATs in maize farming among the small-scale farmers in Mzimba South. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select a representative sample of 132 small-scale maize farming household heads. Data was collected using a researcher-administered questionnaire. Multivariate probit, ordered probit and ordinary least square (OLS) models were applied to determine the influence of the selected factors on the adoption of SATs at α level of .05 using STATA and SPSS. Qualitative data was analyzed by a deductive approach, in which responses were categorized and summarized under the related themes. The study established that the adoption of SATs was significantly influenced by membership in farmer organizations (FOs), access to extension services, and the levels of relative advantage and complexity associated with the SATs. The findings of the study implied that the Government of Malawi and relevant stakeholders in the agriculture sector need to train and recruit more extension field staff to improve coverage and frequency of extension services delivery on sustainable agriculture. The stakeholders should also promote affiliation of the small-scale farmers to FOs to improve access to agricultural extension services and production resources on sustainable farming. In addition, efforts should be made to develop and promote affordable mechanization options for reducing farm drudgery associated with the implementation of SATs. Furthermore, the Government of Malawi should facilitate the formulation, enactment, and enforcement of local by-laws for safeguarding the SATs and their related inputs (or raw materials) against vandalism, livestock damage, and bushfires.
Impact of Frontline Demonstration (Fld’s) On Adoption Behavior of Soybean Gro...iosrjce
The main objective of the FLD is to demonstrate newly released crop production and protection
technology and its management practices on the farmer‟s field by the scientists themselves before taking it into
main extension system of State Department of Agriculture under different agro-climatic regions and in real
farming system. Presently the FLDs are mainly conducted through KVKs in all over the country. This is the
mandatory function of KVK to remove lack of knowledge and constraints in the adoption of improved soybean
production technology. Keeping all these views in mind, the present investigation entitled “Study on knowledge
and adoption level of soybean growers through Front Line Demonstrations (FLDs‟) in Ujjain district of M.P.”
For this purpose the data collected on a well prepared interview schedule. through personal interview method
by the investigator. The major findings of the study is majority of the respondents (beneficiaries of FLD
programme and non-beneficiaries) possessed medium level of adoption level. The „t‟ test indicated that there is
a significant difference between scores mean of both the group. Thus, it can be stated that, there is an impact of
FLD programme on the adoption level of the soybean growers.
Analysis of Land Use Efficiency among Women Cassava Farmers in South-West Nig...Premier Publishers
This study analyzed land use efficiency among women cassava farmers in Southwest Nigeria. A survey was conducted of 300 female cassava farmers across 4 local government areas in Ogun and Ondo states. Heckman probit and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models were used to analyze the data. Heckman probit found that farm size, primary occupation, income, number of dependents, proximity to processing industry and social group positively influenced access to land, while cassava output, access to extension, household size and proximity to market negatively influenced access. DEA showed that 12.8% of land-secured farmers were technically efficient, compared to 3.74% of non-land secured farmers, and mean efficiencies
The study examined the production constraints of maize cultivation in Mokokchung district of Nagaland, India. 200 farmers were surveyed across 8 villages. The major constraint reported was the non-availability of quality seed (89.5% of respondents). Other significant constraints included a lack of irrigation facilities (73% of respondents) and other infrastructure problems like lack of water storage. The study aims to identify ways to overcome these constraints, such as ensuring improved seed varieties are available to farmers.
Design, development and fabrication of a compact harvesterLaukik Raut
This machine targets the small scale farmers
who have land area of less than 2 acres. This machine is
compact and can cut up to two rows of soybean plant. It has
cutting blades which cut the crop in a scissoring type of
motion. It runs on diesel engine of 3HP, this power from
engine, is provided through pulley and gear box
arrangement to the cutter. A collecting mechanism is
provided for the collection of crops to one side after cutting.
This mechanism is also powered by pulley arrangement.
This compact harvester is manufactured using locally
available spare parts and thus, it is easily maintainable. This
harvester might be the solution to the problems faced by a
small scale farmer regarding cost and labour
implementation. After testing this machine in farm it is
found that the cost of harvesting using this harvester is
considerably less as compare to manual harvesting.
Sources of Risk and Management Strategies among Farmers in Rice Post Harvest ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
— The study examined sources of risk and management strategies among farmers in rice post harvest management in Niger State. The research was undertaken in five Local Government Areas of Niger State, namely Katcha, Lavun, Paikoro, Shiroro and Wushishi. Data obtained for the research was achieved through questionnaires administered to 200 farmers selected using multi-stage sampling techniques. Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis. The study showed that rice post harvest management is carried out by subsistence farmer with average farm size of 2.7ha and are of active productive age of 31-50 years, who have 24 years farming experience in the rice post harvest management. The study revealed that farmers in the study area are affected by production risk, financial risk, human or personal risk, market or price risk and technological risk sources. The farmers have adopted prevention, mitigation and coping with risk as management strategies. Based on the findings the study recommended provision of credit facilities, rice post harvest machineries at subsidized rate, rural infrastructures, cooperative formation, use of extension officer and proper storage facilities.
Despite the sago palm’s significant contribution to village economies since early times, it has never been cultivated in a systematic manner by local farmers in Luwu Utara Regency, Indonesia. This study examines farmers’ willingness to plant sago palm and the determinant factors influencing farmers’ adoption behavior. A descriptive analysis and binary logit model were used for this paper. The results revealed that the majority of the respondents agree that replanting is generally important and they believe it to be of concern for every local farmer. The results further indicate that knowledge of an integrated cultivation system of sago, access to information and training, internal motivation, work experience, and the size of the sago area are the determinant factors influencing farmers to plant sago palm. The findings in this study could explain farmers’ adoption of a better cultivation system plays an important role in the future of sustainable sago palm production.
Postharvest orange losses and small scale farmers’ perceptions on the loss ca...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on postharvest orange losses and the perceptions of small-scale farmers in Rusitu Valley, Zimbabwe on the causes of losses. On average, small-scale farmers in the valley own 1 acre of land with 55 orange trees, harvesting 1,200 kg per tree (66,000 kg total). However, farmers reported losing an average of 480 kg per tree (26,400 kg or 40% of total harvest). The total estimated loss across all valley farmers was 89.5 million kg, valued at $8.95 million. Farmers perceived fruit flies (54%) and red weaver ants (36%) as the main causes of losses. Trapping identified the invasive fruit fly Bactrocer
Adoption of Different Potato Planting Techniques: Levels and DynamicsDr. Binoy Tripura
This document provides an introduction to research being conducted on the adoption of different potato planting techniques, specifically the use of true potato seeds (TPS), in Tripura, India. It discusses the importance of potatoes in India and Tripura, challenges with traditional potato cultivation methods, and the development of TPS production to address issues with seed availability and cost. The research aims to analyze farmer adoption of TPS over time and factors influencing adoption levels.
Design and Development of Vegetable Planting MachineIJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT:- India is the second largest producer of vegetable in the world (ranks next to China only). India share 12 percent of world production of vegetable with a productivity of about 15 tons per ha which is quite low as compared to many countries. In India transplanting of vegetable seedling is done manually all over the country, as no machine is yet available commercially for this work. High labour requirement and shortage of labour during peak transplanting season causes delay in transplanting and affects timely operation [1].The basic requirements for small scale cropping machines are, they should be suitable for small farms, simple in design and technology and versatile for use in different farm operations. A manually operated template row planter was designed and developed to improve planting efficiency and reduce drudgery involved in manual planting method [2].Farm mechanization aims at higher production rate reduction in human drudgery. Many operations in agriculture are now being performed by machines. This reduces the labour requirements which have been the principal motivating force in mechanization. Due to small land holding is not possible to mechanize all the farming operations. Large machines cannot be operated these small farms. Also our farmers cannot afford to buy large costly machine. Vegetable planting machine is a device which helps in planting of vegetable plants in a desired position hence assisting the farmers in saving time and money. The basic objective of planting operation is to plant the vegetable plants in rows at desired depth and plant to plant spacing cover the plants with soil and provide proper compaction over the plant [3].
- The production of pulses in Punjab has declined significantly over the past 40 years, from 308,000 metric tons in 1970-71 to just 17,000 metric tons in 2010-11. This is due to a sharp fall in the area allocated to pulses, from 414,000 hectares to just 20,000 hectares over the same period.
- Yield rates for pulses have increased but not enough to offset the large reduction in area. While Punjab's pulse yields are higher than the national average, production has grown at the national level but declined in Punjab.
- The shift to mono-cropping of wheat and rice following the Green Revolution has reduced crop diversification and crowded out pulses. Government policies and market
The research objectives achieved in this study were estimating the level of income
and feasibility of pulut uri organic farming in the District of Muting in Merauke
Regency. the type of research used is descriptive analytical research using basic data
from the results of previous studies, namely experimental research in organic
cultivation of uri corn. The basic data obtained is the data of organic uri corn on the
treatment of 0 tons / ha, 5 tons / ha, and 10 tons / ha of organic fertilizer. In this
study, identification of production, income and business feasibility costs will be
carried out using basic selling prices at the merchant level and at the end of the
consumer level. The data were analyzed by revenue, income / profit and feasibility
analysis of uri corn pulp. The results of the study concluded that with the selling price
of R. 3,000 / kg in the yield of pulverized corn, farmers would not get a large profit
with a feasibility rate of <1, which means that at that price level the farmers would
lose. Whereas with the selling price of Rp. 10,000 / kg of farmer's income will be
greater with the feasibility level> 1 which means that farmers will get profits or in
other words pulut organic corn farming can be developed in Merauke Regency
Timely transplanting of crops is essential for good yield which may be possible by mechanization. Farmer friendly and cost effective mechanized solutions for reducing drudgery and labour cost.
Relationship between Farmers’ Participation in Technology Development and Dis...Premier Publishers
Improved sugarcane varieties have been developed and promoted in Kenya, to enhance sugarcane productivity. However, their acceptance by farmers is low. This paper investigates this phenomenon in attempt to underpin contributing factors to low acceptance. It examines the relationship between farmers’ participation in technology development and dissemination processes; and acceptability of improved sugarcane varieties in Kakamega County. This study used cross-sectional survey research design. Target population was 137,355 small-scale sugarcane farmers from Kakamega County, from which a sample of 384 farmers was randomly selected. Questionnaires were used to collect data, which was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study established limited participation of sugarcane farmers in the development and dissemination of improved sugarcane varieties. Significant relationships were established between farmers’ participation in the development and dissemination of improved sugarcane varieties with their acceptability by farmers. The number of year’s farmers had produced these varieties was found to be a strong indicator of their acceptability by farmers. Research findings indicate need to avail necessary information about the improved varieties to farmers by the extension service providers. Utilization of farmer Participatory Technology Development and Dissemination approaches need to be enhanced in the development and dissemination of improved sugarcane technologies.
Report on RAWE and Agro-industrial attachment 2022Deependra Gupta
The document discusses Deependra Gupta's progressive report on the Rural Agricultural Work Experience (RAWE) and Agro-Industrial Attachment (AIA) program, which provides students hands-on experience in rural villages and agriculture industries. The report details the various activities Gupta participated in at KVK-II Katiya, including growing crops, celebrating soil day, vermicomposting, and interacting with farmers. The village attachment portion of the RAWE program exposed Gupta to the socioeconomic conditions and land use of Katiya village with 584 families and a population of 1260.
This document summarizes a study on the adoption of innovations by dairy goat farmers in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The study analyzed 162 dairy goat farmers who were members of 6 farmer groups. It found that the level of adoption was influenced significantly by farmers' experience and number of goats owned. The farmers received innovations from the government, universities, and other farmers. Common innovations included fresh forage, concentrate feed, animal housing improvements, and record keeping. The majority of farmers had elementary education levels and average farming experience of 10 years. Most owned less than 0.8 animal units of goats. The study provides insight into the characteristics of dairy goat farmers and the factors that influence their adoption of agricultural innovations.
Technical Efficiency of Rice Farmers in Telangana, India: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)
Economics of Pulse Production in Bundelkhand Region of Uttar Pradesh, India: An Empirical Analysis
Value Chain Analysis of Korarima (Aframomum Corrorima) in South Omo Zone, SNNPR Ethiopia
Determinants of Barley Output Supply Response in Ethiopia: Application of Ardl Bound Cointegration Approach
Assessing the Short-term Effect of Exchange Rate Liberalisation on Food Import Prices: The Regression Discontinuity in Time Employed for Russian Food Markets in 2014
Gender Based Comparison on Participation of Farmers in Agricultural Extension...Premier Publishers
This document analyzes factors affecting female and male farmer participation in agricultural extension activities in Sri Lanka. It finds that for female farmers, marital status, number of dependents, income, expenditures, working hours, and availability of subsidies influence participation. Major constraints for males are lack of time, household responsibilities, and financial problems. The study recommends encouraging wealthy female farmers to participate and educating them on cost management strategies.
This research work examines the impact of technology adoption on agricultural productivity. It considers the south-west region of Bangladesh as the study area. Since most of the farmers in the study area are engaged in rice production, this study surveys randomly selected 60 rice farmers in the IRRI season of year 2015 through using a questionnaire. This study finds sufficient variation in frequency and degree of technology adoption in agricultural practices among the surveyed farmers. The analysis results indicate that farmers are adopting high level of technology in seed variety and irrigation phases, medium level of technology in land preparation, pest management and fertilizer application phases and low level of technology in weeding and harvesting phases. There is a statistically significant difference in productivity between high and low degree technology adopters. Education and land holdings are the statistically significant variables in determining technology adoption level. According to the study findings, a one percent increase in technology adoption leads to increase in productivity by 0.22 percent, holding other factors constant, and this influence is statistically significant at one percent level. Therefore, this study concludes that there is a scope for further increase in productivity through planned manipulation of technology adoption level in different phases of agricultural production.
IDENTIFICATION OF CHANNELS AND BEHAVIOR OF CASSAVA MARKETING INSTITUTION IN M...IAEME Publication
The purpose of this study is 1) to identify cassava marketing channels in Merauke Regency, 2) to identify the behavior of cassava marketing institutions in Merauke Regency. The method used in this study is descriptive with the type of research that is survey research. Data analysis method is tabulation analysis which is described according to the research objectives. This research was conducted in Merauke Regency in 2017 by taking 5 samples of observation districts, namely Sota District, Ulilin, Elikobel, Muting and Jagebob. The results of the study concluded that there were 3 cassava marketing channels in Merauke, namely 1) producers / farmers - end consumers; 2) producers / farmers - intermediate traders - consumers; 3) producers / farmers - intermediate traders - retailers - consumers. While marketing behavior in 3 marketing institutions in cassava distribution shows that farmers / producers will tend to wait for end consumers or merchant consumers to make requests for new cassava transactions will occur. The behavior of collectors at the village level will collect or buy cassava at farmers when they want to go to the main market and directly buy ubinkayu on farmers' land, while the behavior of retailers in the marketing of cassava, namely padang, will buy cassava on the market offered by collecting traders village level and market in the wholesale market to wait for end-consumers both household consumers and consumers of household processing industries
Assessment of passion fruit orchard management and farmersAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that assessed passion fruit orchard management and farmer technical efficiency in central-eastern and north-rift highlands of Kenya. The study found:
1) Technical efficiency varied across counties, with Meru having the highest mean at 65% followed by Uasin Gishu at 57% and Embu the lowest at 47%.
2) Orchard management practices like training vines, pruning, weeding and watering also varied significantly across counties and influenced technical efficiency.
3) Improving management practices could help farmers increase technical efficiency and reduce input costs by 35-53%, improving profits. The study recommends increased farmer training to boost awareness of good management.
Role of Knowledge among Yemeni Agricultural Specialists in Applying the Proce...ijtsrd
This study seeks to explore the role of knowledge among Yemeni agricultural specialists in applying the procedures to be followed to benefit from agricultural residues. Through the primary data collected for a sample of 120 respondents from agricultural specialists. The study concluded that there is an effect of knowledge in the application of procedures, but the effect of knowledge increases greater there is the possibility of transferring knowledge to the competent authorities and farmers to implement these procedures on the ground. Moreover, the more there is an equal ratio of male and female agricultural specialists, the greater the impact will be, because the process of transferring knowledge will include male and female farmers, thus facilitating the better application of procedures, and the role of knowledge in implementing procedures is greater. The study recommends that females should be encouraged to enroll in agricultural education, as well as employment in government institutions that work in the agricultural sector, to contribute to the transfer of knowledge, experiences and everything new about agriculture, including recycling agricultural waste to female farmers. Ismail Mohammed Al-Obre | Khalid Nasser Al-Haj | Mohammed Mostafa Alshapi "Role of Knowledge among Yemeni Agricultural Specialists in Applying the Procedures to be followed to Benefit from Agricultural Waste" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd57482.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/economics/development-economics/57482/role-of-knowledge-among-yemeni-agricultural-specialists-in-applying-the-procedures-to-be-followed-to-benefit-from-agricultural-waste/ismail-mohammed-alobre
Factors influencing farmer’s participation in agricultural projects the case ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that aimed to identify factors influencing farmers' participation in agricultural projects in Ghana. It provides background on the importance of agriculture in Ghana and the northern region, as well as poverty levels. It then describes the Agricultural Value Chain Mentorship Project (AVCMP) being implemented in the region. The study used a survey of 180 farmers in two districts to analyze factors affecting participation. Results from a probit model indicated that years of schooling, access to production credit, and access to agricultural extension services significantly determined farmers' participation in projects. Farmer interest can be sustained by providing tangible benefits like credit and extension.
Adoption of banana tissue culture in Uganda still remains low despite the availability of policies geared to enhancing agriculture. A survey was carried out on 115 smallholder farmers in Central Uganda to establish the influence of agro-related policies in tissue culture banana adoption between January and July 2018. Results from the study indicated that 83.8% of the respondents were aware about the Plan for Modernization of Agriculture policy as compared to National Agricultural Policy (5.5%), National Development Plan (13.12%) and Agricultural Sector Development Strategy and Investment Plan (3.3%). Age, gender and education level all exhibited weak correlations in relation to policy awareness while generally, the study found out that awareness of the of the policies did not significantly influence farmer’s adoption of tissue culture banana in central Uganda (P>0.05). We conclude that most of the agro-related polices were on paper and minimal efforts were in place to enhance their awareness amongst small holder farmers. We therefore recommend that increased awareness of agro-related policies to the farmers as well as integration of farmer interests in policy formulation are paramount in order to achieve wide uptake of agro-technologies like banana tissue culture.
Impact on Income Farmer Debt Bondage System Cengkeh (Case Study in Liwutung V...IJEAB
Until recently known as the clove plantation crop that can provide the greatest revenue among plants cultivated population in Southeast Minahasa Regency. Although the level of selling price per kilo of dry high compared to most other plantation crops among the results, but the reality in practice is still a lot of farmers who still fall into the practice of debt bondage system that is very detrimental to farmers. The purpose of this research is: (a). Knowing the dynamics of debt bondage system applicable at the farm level. (2). Assessing the value of the losses suffered by farmers with their debt bondage system. Research was conducted during 3 months from July to September 2015. The location is determined purposive sampling with consideration as production centers. Respondents were selected by 20 farmers. Data collected included primary and secondary data. The data type for the primary data are: recording made by every owner of the garden at the time of measurement of the crop in the form of a notebook crops and types of other expenses such as shopping lists staple for the harvest progresses, wages harvest, pre-harvest such as ladders, rope as media binder stairs and media container yields while secondary data obtained from the department or the relevant authorities are technically fully understand the business development of the crop. The data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the source of bonded labor system is productive cycle, farmers' lack of funds to finance farming, relatively high maintenance costs as well as costs of urgency needs of school children especially in the beginning of the new school / college or religious holidays. The amount of bonded labor is determined by the length of time the next harvest or the condition indicator ovary. Great value losses experienced by farmers is Rp. 8,122,056.25 per harvest period.
Measuring the cost of production and returns of hyv boro rice farmers :A stud...Kanok Chowdhury
This study is on the measurement of the cost and return of HYV boro rice farmers in comilla district. This study contributes to a better understanding of the factors that influence financial and economic profitability of HYV boro rice. In addition, this study highlights how cost of labor and commodities used in agriculture affect profitability and production of HYV boro rice crop in comilla district.
Overview of the Ensuring Nutrition and Food Security Project (IANFP)INGENAES
The document summarizes the Integrated Agricultural Approach for Ensuring Nutrition & Food Security Project (IANFP) in Bangladesh. The project works in 29 districts across 88 upazilas to introduce high-value and nutrient-rich crops. It establishes crop demonstrations of vegetables, fruits, and pulses to promote production. It also forms farmers groups and provides training to extension workers and farmers on nutrition and crop technologies. Preliminary feedback indicates farmers and students are more interested in growing nutritious crops after learning from the project's activities.
Design, Development, and Performance Evaluation of a Mechanical Device for Ha...ijtsrd
1. Researchers in Sri Lanka designed and developed a mechanical pineapple harvester to address issues with manual harvesting, which is difficult, time-consuming, and leads to injuries.
2. The harvester consists of a long handle, fruit picker, stalk holder, remotely-operated cutter, and levers for operation. It allows harvesting fruits within a 2m radius area while minimizing operator movement.
3. Testing showed the mechanical harvester harvested 385 fruits/hour with 84% efficiency, outperforming manual harvesting which achieved 210 fruits/hour with 64% efficiency. It significantly reduces harvesting time and costs compared to manual methods.
● Assessment of Dairy Production System, Handling, Processing and Utilization Practices in South Ari and Malle District of South Omo Zone, Ethiopia
● Economic Analysis of Locally Produced Aquaculture Feeds with Complements of Plant-based Ingredients in Kainji Lake Basin, Nigeria
● Socioeconomic Assessment of Mandarin Postharvest Loss: A Case of Gandaki Province, Nepal
● Farmer’s Perception on Climatic Factors and Social-economic Characteristics in the Agricultural Sector of Gujarat
● A Multi-group Analysis of Gender Difference in Consumer Buying Intention of Agricultural Products via Live Streaming
● Cluster-based Improved Sorghum Production and Commercialization in Nyangatom Woreda of South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia
● The Contribution of Work Experience on Earnings Inequality of Migrant Workers: Decompositions Based on the Quantile Regression Equation
Analysis of technical Efficiency of traditional wheat farming in Fezzan regio...Premier Publishers
Although the efforts to enhance the productivity of wheat in Libya, it is still low and there is no improvement in wheat yield over the last decade indicating the usage of inputs in process of production is not efficient. Though some farms use modern methods in planting wheat, nevertheless a lot of wheat farmers are still using the traditional method of production. This paper aims to examine the technical efficiency of traditional wheat farming in Fezzan region, Libya as well as factors affecting technical inefficiency. A set of questionnaires was used to obtain data from 149 traditional wheat farmers selected by using a simple random sampling technique. The slack based data envelopment analysis model (SBM) was used to estimate technical efficiency and fractional regression model to determine factors response for inefficiency. Results showed that, the average technical efficiency of the farms was 0.69 indicating that farmers were operating at a low level of technical efficiency. This indicates that there is a need to improve technical efficiency by about 0.31 with the same level of inputs. The results of slack analysis revealed that the total inputs used by the traditional farmers would be reduced by 42 kg/ha for DAP, 58 kg/ha for seed, 14kg/ha for urea, 33 kg/ha for organic fertilizers and 12.9 man-days/ha for labour.
Attitude and Academic Success in Practical Agriculture: Evidence from Public ...Olutosin Ademola Otekunrin
This study examined the attitude and academic performance of public single-sex (Boys’ and Girls’ only) high school students in the teaching and learning of Agricultural Science in the aspect of practical knowledge of Agriculture. We investigated whether there were significant differences in the mean achievement test scores of students in practical Agriculture in the selected schools. We also examined the relationship between their academic performance in practical agriculture and their attitude to the subject. The study was a descriptive survey design carried out at Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria. Six public single-sex (Boys’ and Girls’ only) schools were randomly selected from three Local Government Areas (LGAs) within Ibadan Zone comprising eleven LGAs in 2018.
Sixty-nine Senior Secondary School (SSS III) students were randomly selected in Boys’ only (3) schools while ninety-seven students were randomly selected in Girls’ only (3) schools giving a total of 166 students that participated in this study. Practical Agricultural Science Students’ Achievement Test (PASSAT) and Students’ Attitude towards Practical Agriculture Questionnaire (SATPAGQ) were used for data collection. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Oneway Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Multiple Comparison techniques and t-test for equality of means. The ANOVA test was significant (p = .00). Post Hoc (Tukey HSD) test, a multiple comparison technique on the ANOVA showed that PASSAT mean scores obtained by one Girls’ only school was significantly different from one Boys’ only schools another two Girls’ only schools’ mean scores at 5% significant level. It was found that availability of school farm, use of instructional materials were not enough to bring about significant boost in academic success in PASSAT especially in three of the schools with less than average mean scores of 34.51, 40.23 and 44.07. The study therefore recommended that government and relevant stakeholders (Parents- Teachers Association, Old Boys’ and Girls’ Association among others) should provide human resources and needed infrastructural facilities for effective teaching and learning of Agricultural Science in both single-sex and Co-educational schools for better academic performance.
Perceptions and practices of rice farmers in the lowland areas of Diplahan, Z...Open Access Research Paper
The study aimed to ascertain the current perceptions and practices of local rice farmers in the municipality of Diplahan, Zamboanga Sibugay. It was also conducted in order to know the issues and concerns of farmers by looking into their management practices that include seed and seedling transplanting, fertilizer application, pesticide application, tillage and non-tillage cultivation. The research was carried out in ten barangays in the said municipality. Personal interviews (PI) were conducted with 150 local farmers in the study to collect information for perceptions and practices using a guide questionnaire that was translated into Cebuano to facilitate a better understanding among the farmers. The study results showed that rice production in Diplahan has fallen below the minimum required yield to achieve rice self-sufficiency due to the numerous issues regarding rice crop management in both irrigated and non-irrigated farmlands. The study found that farmers continued to rely on existing local knowledge gained from families, experience, and co-farmers, despite there are already existing programs and seminars on the proper farm management conducted by the Department of Agriculture. Many of them believed merely on luck. Moreover, more appropriate farming practices were not implemented due to poverty and other economic issues. Lastly, problems in rice crop management such as nutrient application, pest recognition, pesticides, herbicides, and insecticides applications by local farmers emerge in the study.
The document assessed the training needs of agrochemical safety measures among crop farmers in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. It found that the majority of respondents were male, married, had some formal education, cultivated 1-5 hectares of land, and had 11-20 years of farming experience. The top training needs identified were proper use of knapsack sprayers, first aid for chemical poisoning, identifying the appropriate chemical to use, and proper chemical mixing/dilution. The main constraints to safety practices were inadequate funds, skills/equipment, and issues with mixing/diluting chemicals properly. The study concluded farmers need more training focused on their identified needs to safely and properly apply agrochemicals.
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Software Testing + Agile Method...Prakhyath Rai
Software Testing: A Strategic Approach to Software Testing, Strategic Issues, Test Strategies for Conventional Software, Test Strategies for Object -Oriented Software, Validation Testing, System Testing, The Art of Debugging.
Agile Methodology: Before Agile – Waterfall, Agile Development.
Gas agency management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The project entitled "Gas Agency" is done to make the manual process easier by making it a computerized system for billing and maintaining stock. The Gas Agencies get the order request through phone calls or by personal from their customers and deliver the gas cylinders to their address based on their demand and previous delivery date. This process is made computerized and the customer's name, address and stock details are stored in a database. Based on this the billing for a customer is made simple and easier, since a customer order for gas can be accepted only after completing a certain period from the previous delivery. This can be calculated and billed easily through this. There are two types of delivery like domestic purpose use delivery and commercial purpose use delivery. The bill rate and capacity differs for both. This can be easily maintained and charged accordingly.
Design and optimization of ion propulsion dronebjmsejournal
Electric propulsion technology is widely used in many kinds of vehicles in recent years, and aircrafts are no exception. Technically, UAVs are electrically propelled but tend to produce a significant amount of noise and vibrations. Ion propulsion technology for drones is a potential solution to this problem. Ion propulsion technology is proven to be feasible in the earth’s atmosphere. The study presented in this article shows the design of EHD thrusters and power supply for ion propulsion drones along with performance optimization of high-voltage power supply for endurance in earth’s atmosphere.
AI for Legal Research with applications, toolsmahaffeycheryld
AI applications in legal research include rapid document analysis, case law review, and statute interpretation. AI-powered tools can sift through vast legal databases to find relevant precedents and citations, enhancing research accuracy and speed. They assist in legal writing by drafting and proofreading documents. Predictive analytics help foresee case outcomes based on historical data, aiding in strategic decision-making. AI also automates routine tasks like contract review and due diligence, freeing up lawyers to focus on complex legal issues. These applications make legal research more efficient, cost-effective, and accessible.
VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for...PIMR BHOPAL
Variable frequency drive .A Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is an electronic device used to control the speed and torque of an electric motor by varying the frequency and voltage of its power supply. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for motor control, providing significant energy savings and precise motor operation.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
2. Ineke Nursih Widyantari, Jamhari, Lestari Rahayu Waluyati and Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 762 editor@iaeme.com
farmers and local farmers in the Semangga District and Tanah Miring District of
Merauke Regency, Papua-Indonesia (2) Factors that influence technical efficiency of
rice farming in transmigrant farmers and local farmers in the Semangga District and
Tanah Miring District of Merauke Regency, Papua-Indonesia (3) Technical efficiency
of farming in transmigrant farmers and local farmers in the Semangga District and
Tanah Miring District of Merauke Regency, Papua-Indonesia. This research was
conducted in Merauke Regency, Papua - Indonesia, in two districts, namely
Semangga District and Tanah Miring District, each district was selected by
transmigrant villages and local villages which had the highest number of farmers.
Semangga District was chosen by Waninggap Kai Village, Urumb, and Marga Mulya
Village, while Isano Mbias Village in Tanah Miring District, Waninggap Sai Village,
Kamangi Village and Sarsang Village were chosen. The study was conducted in June
- August 2018. The time period of this study was to use data from one planting season
in 2017. This study was a descriptive analysis. The population in this study was 7213
rice farmers. Sampling was carried out in proportional random sampling and
obtained 216 respondents consisting of 185 respondents of transmigrant farmers and
31 respondents of local farmers. Data analysis uses the stochastic frontier production
function. The results showed that significant gamma means that rice farming of
transmigrant farmers and local farmers in Merauke Regency has not been technically
efficient. 79% of technical inefficiencies in research are caused by managerial
factors, which are factors that can be controlled by humans and 21% are caused by
factors that cannot be controlled by humans (noise), namely pests, natural disasters,
weather, and so on. The land area factor has a negative effect on rice production,
while pesticides, seeds, urea fertilizer, and human labor have a positive effect on rice
production. Technical efficiency factors can be improved by increasing the experience
of farmers and increasing the number of family members, and transmigrant farmers
more efficiently than local farmers. Transmigrant farmers who achieve technical
efficiency values above 0.70 by 91% of farmers, while local farmers who achieve
technical efficiency values above 0.70 by 62%. The value of transmigrant farmers
'technical efficiency is 0.85 higher than the value of local farmers' technical efficiency
of 0.69. This means that transmigrant farmers are more efficient than local farmers
Keywords: technical efficiency, rice production, stochastic frontier.
Cite this Article: Ineke Nursih Widyantari, Jamhari, Lestari Rahayu Waluyati and
Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo, Case Study of Farming from Transmigrants and Local
Farmers in the District of Semangga and Tanah Miring, Merauke Regency, Papua,
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 10(2), 2019, pp. 761-772.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=10&IType=02
1. INTRODUCTION
Rice is the staple food of most Indonesian people. If the ability of the Indonesian State to
produce food cannot keep up with the increasing number of food demands in Indonesia, this
will make Indonesia increasingly dependent on imports, and this means that Indonesia's food
security will be vulnerable because it will depend on other countries' economic policies
(Djamali et al., 2018; Suryana, 2014).
Merauke has been used as a food barn since the Dutch administration. The Netherlands
targets the Merauke region as a food warehouse for the Asia Pacific, which is an anticipatory
measure to face the outbreak of World War II in 1942-1945. (Manikmas, 2010). To realize
3. Case Study of Farming from Transmigrants and Local Farmers in the District of Semangga and
Tanah Miring, Merauke Regency, Papua
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this target, the Dutch government conducted a program to move the population known as
colonization. This colonization program was carried out by the Dutch government in 1905 by
bringing in residents from Java to be moved to Merauke. After the independence period the
Indonesian colonization program was still held by the name of transmigration. These
transmigrant farmers then live side by side with local residents and then transmit the ability to
cultivate rice to local residents who previously lived from gathering, shifting fields,
anchoring sago, fishing, hunting and planting with a simple method of wambat (making rows
of beds knee-high in adults to be planted with tubers and bananas), finally began to be
interested in learning to grow rice (Widyantari et al., 2018).
Rice productivity in Merauke Regency is 43.95 tons / ha, this productivity is still
relatively low because it is still below the average rice productivity in Indonesia which is
53.39 tons / ha (BPS, 2016). Therefore it is necessary to increase rice productivity in
Merauke Regency. One way to increase rice productivity in Merauke Regency is through
technology intensification or improvement better known as technical efficiency. Therefore, it
is necessary to conduct research to analyze (1) the factors that influence rice production in
transmigrant farmers and local farmers in the Semangga District and Tanah Miring District of
Merauke Regency, Papua-Indonesia (2) Factors that influence the technical efficiency of rice
farming in transmigrant farmers and local farmers in the Semangga District and Tanah
Miring District of Merauke Regency, Papua-Indonesia. (3) The level of technical efficiency
of farming in transmigrant farmers and local farmers in the Semangga District and Tanah
Miring District of Merauke Regency, Papua-Indonesia.
2. METHODOLOGY
This study uses a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. The study was conducted
in June - August 2018. The time period used in this study was data on one planting season in
2017. The planting season data was used to analyze the technical efficiency of rice
production. The research locations in two districts, namely Semangga District and Tanah
Miring District, are rice centers in Merauke Regency, Papua-Indonesia Province.
Population is the whole individual or object observed or the size obtained from all
individuals or related objects (Kotta et al., 2018; Lind et al., 2014; Mangkoedihardjo and
April, 2012). The population in this study is 7213 rice farmers who are transmigrants and
local farmers. Respondents were taken proportionally, in each village using a random
sampling technique and obtained 216 respondents consisting of 185 transmigrant farmers and
31 respondent local farmers.
The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Primary data were
obtained from questionnaires and interviews with transmigrant farmers and local farmers,
while secondary data was obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics of Merauke Regency
and the Agriculture Service of Merauke Regency.
The empirical approach in this study was carried out with a frontier 41 analysis tool. The
analytical tool used was the Stochastic Frontier Efficiency.
The equation model for the function of rice production in transmigration farmers and
local farmers used in this study are as follows:
LnY = 0 + 1lnX1 + 2lnX2 + 3lnX3 + 4lnX4 +5lnX5 + 6lnX6+ 7lnX7 + 8lnX8(vi - i ) (1)
Where:
Y = rice production (kg)
0 = Constant (intercept)
4. Ineke Nursih Widyantari, Jamhari, Lestari Rahayu Waluyati and Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 764 editor@iaeme.com
i= Estimator parameter coefficient(i =1-8)
X1= Number of seeds (kg)
X2= Land area (ha)
X3= Amount of urea fertilizer(kg)
X4 = Amount of fertilizer ponska (kg)
X5 = Amount of fertilizer sp 36 (kg)
X6= Amount of pesticide (ml)
X7= Total manpower (HOK)
X8= Number of hours of machine work
vi= error term
i= parameter effect of technical inefficiency, where i is obtained from the equation:
i = 0 + 1z1 +2z2 +3z3 +4z4 +5z5+6z6+7z7 +8z8. (2)
Where:
i= effect of technical inefficiency
0 = Intercept
1 =Estimator parameter coefficient
z1 = Farmer education (year)
z2 = Farming experience (year)
z3 = Age of farmer (year)
z4 = Number of family dependents (people)
z5 = Dummy land ownership status ( 1= one's own,and 0= someone else's property).
Z6= Dummy from farmers (1 = Local, 0 = Transmigrant)
Z7 = Dummy membership status of farmer groups ( 1= member of the farmer group,and
0= not a member of a farmer group).
Z8 = Dummy planting system (1 = direct seed planting, 0=transplanting moved)
Estimating the inefficiency parameters of rice farming techniques is processed using the
Frontier 41 program (Coelli, 1996).
Mathematically, the analysis of technical efficiency can be calculated using the following
formula (Coelli, 1995):
TEi = Yi= E(Yi/Ui;Xi)= E exp(-i/) (3)
Yi
*
E(Yi/Ui=0;Xi)
Keterangan :
TEi= Farmer's Technical Efficiency to -i
Yi = Actual output function without error term
Yi
*
= Potential output function
Ui= Random variable that describes the technical inefficiencies of the business to-i,which
is assumed to be free and the distribution is cut to normal N (i,2)
𝐸 exp(−₁) = expectation value (mean of Uiwith conditioni, so that 0 TE1. An
effort is said to be efficient if TE = 1, and is not efficient if TE <1. The efficiency value is
5. Case Study of Farming from Transmigrants and Local Farmers in the District of Semangga and
Tanah Miring, Merauke Regency, Papua
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inversely related to the effect value of technical inefficiency and is only used for functions
that have a certain number of outputs and inputs (cross section data).
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1. Characteristics of Respondents, Production, and Use of Inputs
Respondents in this study were transmigrant farmers both through government programs and
self-help and local farmers, namely farmers who were indigenous Papuans.
Table 1 Characteristics of Rice Farmers in theSemangga Districts and Tanah Miring Districts in
Merauke Regency
Characteristics
Local Farmers Transmigrant Farmers
Average St.Dev Max Min Average St. Dev Max Min
Age (year) 36 11 71 21 48 13 84 18
Educational Level of
Farmers (year)
9 4 17 0 7 3 17 0
Farming Experience
(year)
11 7 31 1 24 12 68 2
Number of Family
Members (people)
6 2 10 0 4 1 8 1
Source : Primary Data Analysis 2019
Table 1 shows the average age of farmers who were respondents in this study for 48-year
transmigrant farmers and 36-year-old local farmers. So the average age of transmigrant
farmers is older compared to local farmers but is still included in the productive age category.
According to Onibala et al (2017) The age of farmers has a relationship with the ability of
farmers to work, Age of farmers has an effect on farmer productivity in farming. The average
education of transmigrant farmers is 7 years (grade 1 junior high school) while local farmers
are 9 (grade 3 junior high school). This means that the average education of local farmers is
higher than transmigrant farmers. This is still reasonable because indeed transmigrant farmers
in terms of age are older than local farmers, where the education of parents in ancient times is
still low compared to now. The level of education will affect the way of thinking applied by
farmers in farming and farmers will be easier to receive information on the technology of rice
development.
The experience of transmigrant farmer farming is on average 24 years while local farmers
are 11 years, this means the experience of transmigrant farmers is longer than local farmers.
According to Cahyono (1995) The more work experience a person has, the more benefits that
have an impact on the breadth of knowledge in the field of work and the more the ability of
one's skills in carrying out tasks and also make work more efficient.
The average number of family members of transmigrant farmers is 4 people, while local
farmers are 6 people. This means that there are more dependents on local farmers than
transmigrants. These family members will then be used by farmers to carry out their farming,
and if it is still lacking, the farmers will meet the needs of the workforce by increasing the
number of outside workers by mutual assistance, helping each other with farmers or can also
with a bulk system.
6. Ineke Nursih Widyantari, Jamhari, Lestari Rahayu Waluyati and Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo
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Transmigrant farmers in Merauke Regency plant rice twice a year, while local farmers
only plant once a year. This is because agriculture in Merauke Regency generally only relies
on rainwater.
Table 2 shows that the amount of rice production on average for one planting season in
transmigrant farmers is 3,760.7 kg / ha, while the rice production of local farmers is 3,450.3
kg / ha. This means that the rice production of transmigrant farmers is more than that of local
farmers. The use of rice production factors (input), namely in the form of seeds, pesticides,
urea fertilizer, ponska fertilizer, sp-36 fertilizer, labor, machinery and land area used by
transmigrant farmers is greater than local farmers.
Table 2 Production and Use of Rice Farming Inputs in the Semangga District and Tanah Miring
Districtin Merauke Regency
Description
Local Farmers Transmigrant Farmers
Average Min Max St. Dev Average Min Max St. Dev
Rice
Production(kg/ha)
3450.3 2907.7 4000.0 385.3 3760.7 2907.7 5100.0 587.5
Labor (ha) 14.9 4.8 31.0 5.6 17.5 5.0 55.0 10.2
Seeds(ha) 38.9 20.0 50.0 12.0 43.2 23.3 53.3 9.0
Pesticide (ml/ha) 630.9 60.0 3300.0 737.7 1310.8 66.7 5000.0 1132.9
Urea Fertilizer
(kg/ha)
59.5 10.0 200.0 41.0 106.9 25.0 250.0 43.2
SP36 Fertilizer
(kg/ha)
18.7 - 100.0 37.7 88.9 - 200.0 50.6
PonskaFertilizer
(kg/ha)
25.0 - 100.0 47.1 106.5 - 200.0 45.7
Land Area (ha) 1.6 0.5 6.0 1.5 1.9 0.50 5.0 1.02
Engine hours
(hours/ha)
11.7 10.0 13.0 1.3 11.6 10.0 13.0 1.2
Source : Primary Data Analysis 2019
3.2. Analysis of the Stochastic Frontier Production Function
Table 3. Shows the estimated results of the stochastic frontier using eight explanatory
variables. The sigma-square value (2
) is significant at an error rate of 1%, this means that
the distribution of ineficiency (vi) error terms is normally distributed, or technical
inefficiencies contribute to variations in production (ui) in rice farming. The technical
inefficiency factors included the number of family members, education level, age, farming
experience, dummy land ownership status, dummy origin of farmers, dummy membership in
farmer groups, and dummy planting system.
The gamma value ()ץ indicates the ratio between the deviation of technical inefficiency
(ui) to the deviation that might be caused by a random variable (vi). The gamma value in this
study is significant because t count is greater than the value of t table (α = 1%). Significant
gamma means that rice farming of transmigrant farmers and local farmers in Merauke
Regency is technically not efficient. The value of the gamma coefficient ()ץ 0.79 means that
the technical inefficiency in this study is 79% caused by managerial factors (factors that can
be controlled by humans) and the rest (21%) are caused by factors that cannot be controlled
by humans (noise), namely weather, natural disasters, pests and so on.
7. Case Study of Farming from Transmigrants and Local Farmers in the District of Semangga and
Tanah Miring, Merauke Regency, Papua
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Table 3 Results of Estimated Function of Production of Stochastic Frontier of rice in the Semangga
District and Tanah Miring District in Merauke Regency
Variable
A sign of
hope
Coefficient Standar Error t -Ratio
Constant +/- 7.604 *** 0.211 36.002
Land Area + -0.000 *** 0.000 -21.660
Seeds + 0.682 *** 0.058 11.754
Pesticide + 0.000 *** 0.000 10.238
Urea Fertilizer + 0.185 *** 0.047 3.901
Labor + 0.000 *** 0.000 3.648
Sp 36 Fertilizer + 0.000 0.019 0.043
Ponka Fertilizer + -0.000 0.000 -0.378
Machine + 0.015 0.023 0.653
Sigma-squared + 0.079 *** 0.007 11.930
Gamma + 0.794 *** 0.041 19.394
Log-likelihood 76.998
LR test of the one-sided
error
158.508
Note :
*** : Significant at = 1% t-table = 2.599
** : Significant at = 5% table = 1.971
* : Significant at = 10% t-table = 1.652
Variable area of land has a negative effect on rice production with a coefficient of -0,000
at the level of α = 1%. This means that every 1% increase in land area will reduce rice
production by 0,000% assuming other factors are constant. In other words, the more the land
area of rice farmers will reduce the production of rice. This is because the more farmer's land
area the more labor is used to process and care for rice plants, while the availability of labor
in Merauke Regency is limited and labor costs are very expensive resulting in farmers using
direct seed planting systems (tabela) so that does not require a lot of labor, and is more
economical. Seeing these conditions, there are two alternatives to overcome this problem, the
first alternative is to reduce the area of land so that farmers can plant and care for rice so that
rice production can be maximized. The second alternative is to increase labor or mechanize
(using jonder, tractor, harvester and combain harvester) so that the production of paddy rice
in Merauke Regency can be increased.
Seed variables have a positive effect on rice production with a coefficient of 0.682 at the
level of α = 1%. This means that every 1% addition of seeds will increase rice production by
0.682%. The average seed used by farmers is 42.6 kg / ha. Farmers use seeds in large
numbers because to anticipate if there are seeds that do not grow when farmers plant rice
either with the transplanting system or the tabela system. The seeds used by transmigration
farmers and local farmers in Merauke Regency are mostly seeds from the previous crop so
that the quality of rice seeds per farmer varies, this will affect the quality of rice produced.
Therefore it is necessary to use certified superior seeds in order to increase the production
and quality of rice in Merauke Regency.
Pesticide variables have a positive effect on rice production with a coefficient of 0,000 at
a significance level of α = 1%. This means that every 1% addition of pesticides will increase
rice production by 0,000%. Pesticides have different roles with other inputs. This pesticide
8. Ineke Nursih Widyantari, Jamhari, Lestari Rahayu Waluyati and Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo
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will save rice production from pest or disease attacks. This is in accordance with Damayanti's
(2013) statement that plant productivity increases because plants can grow healthy so that
they are more responsive to nutrients
The variable urea has a positive effect on rice production with a coefficient of 0.185 at the
level of α = 1%. This means that every 1% increase in urea fertilizer will increase rice
production by 0.185% assuming other factors are constant.
Labor variable has a significant positive effect on rice production with a coefficient of
0,000 at the significance level α = 1%. This means that every 1% increase in labor will
increase rice production by 0,000%. The use of labor as one of the factors of production in
rice farming is quite varied, among others, due to differences in agro-ecosystems (Kasryno
and Suryana, 1988, in Supadi 2003). These workers are employed starting from land
preparation, processing, planting, fertilizing, weeding, spraying , and harvesting. The
workforce used comes from inside and from outside the family. More workforce from within
the family is done to save wages (Damayanti. 2013). Outside workers are used for rice
planting activities for farmers who use the transplanting system, while farmers who plant
with direct seed planting systems simply use labor from within the family. For land
processing and harvesting, use the assistance of tracktor / jonder and Combine Harvester.
3.3. Technical Efficiency of Rice Farming
Technical efficiency is expressed as a value between 0 - 1. The level of technical efficiency
of less than one indicates that farmers are generally too much in using their own production
factors so they need to be reduced to improve the efficiency of rice farming (Setiawan et al.,
2015).
Table 4 shows that the average technical efficiency achieved by transmigrant farmers is
higher than that of local farmers. This is because transmigrant farmers have a longer farming
experience of 24 years than local farmers who have had 11 years of farming experience.
Besides that local farmers know and can grow rice because they learn from transmigrant
farmers. According to Coelli (1998), the index value of technical efficiency of the analysis
results is categorized as technically efficient if it provides an estimated value of more than
0.70 as the efficiency limit. This means that transmigrant farmers who are categorized as
efficient are technically 91%, while local farmers categorized as technically efficient are
62%.
The average value of transmigrant technical efficiency of 0.85 indicates that the level of
technical efficiency of transmigrant farmers in Semangga District and Tanah Miring District
of Merauke Regency is higher than local farmers in Merauke Regency with a technical
efficiency value of 0.805 (Widyantari et al., 2018) and farmers delta irrigation zone in
Vietnam with a value of technical efficiency 0.81 (Pedrosa et al, 2018).
9. Case Study of Farming from Transmigrants and Local Farmers in the District of Semangga and
Tanah Miring, Merauke Regency, Papua
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Table 4 Distribution of Technical Efficiency Levels of Rice Farming in the Semangga District and
Tanah Miring District in Merauke Regency
Range Technical
Efficiency
Local Farmers Transmigrant Farmers
Number of
Farmers
Percentage
Number of
Farmers
Percentage
0.60 10 32% 13 7%
0.61 – 0.70 2 6% 4 2%
0.71 – 0.80 3 10% 28 15%
0.81 – 0.90 7 23% 48 26%
0.91 9 29% 92 50%
Total Farmers 31 100% 185 100%
Average 0.69 0.85
Std. Deviation 0.28 0.15
Minimum 0.22 0.26
Maksimum 0.97 0.97
Source : Results of Processing Primary Data Using Frontier 4.1 Computer Programs
Table 5 Potential Rice Production of Transmigrant Farmers and Local Farmers in the Semangga
District and Tanah Miring District in Merauke Regency
Description
Potential
Production (kg)
Actual Production (kg) Technical Efficiency
Local Farmers 5009.20 3450 0.69
Transmigrant Farmers 4413.82 3760 0.85
Source : Primary Data Processed 2019
Table 5 is the production potential or capability that has the possibility of being able to be
achieved by transmigrant farmers and local farmers in Merauke Regency so that the value of
technical efficiency in rice production is equal to one (E = 1). Table 5 shows that the potential
for rice production of local farmers is higher than for transmigrant farmers. This is because
the actual production used in this study is the actual production for one planting season
instead of one year per hectare whereas in reality transmigrant farmers produce rice twice
planting in one year while local farmers only plant once a year. In the use of inputs such as
pesticides, urea fertilizer, sp36 fertilizer and ponska fertilizer, local farmers are lower than
transmigrant farmers (Table 2). The use of small amounts of fertilizers and pesticides makes
the land of local farmers maintain their soil fertility. While excessive and continuous use of
fertilizers and pesticides will result in lower productivity of agricultural land. In a study by
Widyantari et al (2018) that the production potential of local farmers in Merauke Regency
was 4100.5 kg / ha, this meant lower than in this study. While the potential production of
wetland rice in South Minahasa Regency, namely in Popontolen Village is 6.11 tons / ha,
Pakuweru Village 573ton / ha, and Karowa Village 9.00 tons / ha Rumintjap et al (2016).
This means that the potential production of paddy rice in the Semangga District and Tanah
Miring District of Merauke Regency is still low when compared to other regions.
3.4. Factors Causing Technical Efficiency of Rice Farming
The causes of technical efficiency in rice farming in this study were the number of family
members, education, age, farming experience, dummy land ownership status, dummy origin
10. Ineke Nursih Widyantari, Jamhari, Lestari Rahayu Waluyati and Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo
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of farmers, dummy membership status in farmer groups and dummy planting systems. The
results of the analysis that affect the technical efficiency of rice farming can be seen in Table
6.
Table 6 Factors that Affect Technical Efficiency of Rice Farming
Variable A sign of hope Coeficient
Standart
Error
t -Ratio
Constant +/- 2.189 *** 0.142 15.384
Age - -0.000 0.000 -0.214
Farming Experience - -0.093 ** 0.037 -2.485
Education - -0.000 0.000 -0.586
Number of Family Members - -0.034 ** 0.014 -2.272
Dummy Land Ownership Status - 0.000 0.000 1.380
Dummy Membership Status in Farmer
Groups (Members/ non Members)
- -0.013 0.019 -0.679
DummyPlanting System - 0.000 0.000 0.892
DummyOrigin of Farmers
(Transmigrants/local)
- -0.885 *** 0.065 -13.432
Source : Primary Data Processed 2019
Note :
*** : Significant at = 1% t-table = 2,599
** : Significant at = 5% t-table = 1,971
* : Significant at = 10% t-table = 1,652
The negative sign Table 6 shows that the variable decreases technical inefficiency or
increases the efficiency of the technique, while the positive sign indicates that there is an
increase in technical inefficiencies or decreases the efficiency of the technique (Nahraeni,
2012).
The efficiency factor of farming experience has a negative effect (=1%), this means an
increase in farmers' experience will improve technical efficiency (reduce technical
inefficiencies). In other words, the longer the experience of the farmers, the more efficient the
technique will be. With longer experience in farming, farmers are able to make rational
decisions for their farming (Bahasoan. 2013). The efficiency factor of the number of family
members has a significant negative effect (α = 1%), this means that an increase in the number
of family members will increase technical efficiency. With the increase in family members it
will increase labor in the family, so that it will increase the energy to work on the fields.
However, in Merauke Regency each farmer has extensive paddy fields so that it will be more
effective and efficient if the cultivation of paddy fields is carried out by mechanization. The
dummy from farmers in this study consisted of transmigrant farmers from Java (Javanese)
and local farmers who were farmers of the Papuan tribe. Dummy from farmers has a negative
effect (α = 1%), this means that transmigrant farmers are more efficient than local farmers
(ethnic Papuans). This is because transmigrant farmers have had a longer experience with an
average experience of 24 years than local farmers who have an average experience of 11
years.
11. Case Study of Farming from Transmigrants and Local Farmers in the District of Semangga and
Tanah Miring, Merauke Regency, Papua
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The efficiency factors of age, education and membership status in farmer groups do not
have a significant effect on the technical efficiency of rice production, so does the dummy
status of land ownership and cropping systems have no significant effect.
4. CONCLUSION
1. Production of rice in the Semangga District and Tanah Miring District of Merauke
Regency is influenced positively and negatively. Positive influence is from seeds,
pesticides, urea fertilizer, and labor, while the negative influence is from the land
area.
2. Factors influencing the technical efficiency of rice farming transmigrant farmers and
local farmers in the Semangga District and Tanah Miring District of Merauke
Regency due to farming experience, number of family members and origin of farmers.
3. Rice farming by transmigrant farmers and local farmers in Merauke Regency Papua-
Indonesia Province has not been technically efficient. The technical efficiency of
transmigrant farmers is greater than that of local farmers, which is 0.85 for
transmigration farmers and 0.69 for local farmers. So transmigrant farmers are more
efficient than local farmers
4. Transmigrant farmers have greater technical efficiency than local farmers in other
words the existence of transmigrants increases technical efficiency in Merauke
Regency.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to thank the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education
(Kemristekdikti) together with the Education Fund Management Institute (LPDP) for the
financial support provided. Thank you, we give to the Chancellor of Musamus University for
permission to be able to continue the study and the support that has been given.
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