20.Improving agricultural productivity, A Lecture By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province Pakistan
20.improving agricultural productivity, A Lecture By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province Pakistan
The document discusses integrated nutrient management (INM) and its potential to enhance agricultural productivity in a sustainable way. INM involves using organic manures, chemical fertilizers, and biological agents together to optimize soil fertility and meet crop nutrient demands. It aims to increase yields while improving soil health, resource use efficiency, and environmental protection with lower chemical inputs. Research shows INM can increase crop yields by 8-150% compared to conventional practices through better nutrient cycling and synchronization with crop needs. INM is presented as a promising strategy for sustainable agriculture worldwide that addresses challenges of increasing food production and decreasing environmental impacts.
RAWE REPORT AND INDUSTRIAL VISIT BY ANUP (RAWE-INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIE...AnupSahoo8
Here is two type of documents.First one is for industrial visit programs in the year 2019 RAWE. And the second one is for village report or RAWE report on my group village Andharua,Bhubaneswar.At the end thank you so much my group mates for your co-operations .GROUP-13(ANDHARUA)
This document provides a summary of an industrial visit by students to various agricultural facilities in Odisha, India. It includes summaries of visits to:
1) An orchid garden where various dendrobium orchid varieties are commercially cultivated using coconut husk media in a polyhouse structure.
2) The Central Tuber Crop Research Institute where research is conducted on tropical tuber crops like sweet potato and efforts are made to transfer technologies to tribal farmers through demonstrations.
3) The Centre of Excellence facility which demonstrates high-tech horticulture production methods using infrastructure like polygreenhouses, net houses, and high tunnels to commercially grow vegetables, flowers and more.
This document provides details about the rural agricultural work experience (RAWE) of Mr. Sanju Kumar at Taraori village in Karnal district of Haryana. It summarizes key information about the village including its geographical location, demographics, cropping patterns, and major government schemes. It also describes the landholding and livestock details of farmer Vikas Chaudhary who was selected for practical training, including his crop production and economics.
The document provides recommendations for rice cultivation in the subtropical zone of Jammu region, including suitable high yielding rice varieties for different situations, promising rice-based cropping systems, and cultivation practices such as land preparation, nursery raising, transplanting, nutrient management, water management, weed control, and plant protection. Recommended varieties include coarse, fine, and superfine varieties suited to irrigated and rainfed conditions up to 1200 meters above mean sea level.
This document provides an overview of agro-climatic zones and importance of vegetables in Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir Union Territory. The region has three main agro-climatic zones - subtropical zone from 300-1000 meters above sea level including Jammu district, intermediate zone from 1000-1500 meters including parts of Udhampur and Rajouri, and temperate zone above 1500 meters including hilly regions. Major vegetable crops grown vary between zones. Vegetables are an important crop as they are short duration, provide high yields, fit well in crop rotations, and are rich in nutrients essential for human health and diet.
This document provides details about a team participating in a competition on boosting agricultural productivity in India. The team coordinator is Nitish Kumar and other members are listed. It then discusses how agriculture contribution to India's GDP has declined while services have increased. It outlines technological, economic and institutional factors and solutions that could increase agricultural production, such as improved irrigation techniques, investment in infrastructure and research, subsidies, rural development programs, and empowering farmers.
The document discusses integrated nutrient management (INM) and its potential to enhance agricultural productivity in a sustainable way. INM involves using organic manures, chemical fertilizers, and biological agents together to optimize soil fertility and meet crop nutrient demands. It aims to increase yields while improving soil health, resource use efficiency, and environmental protection with lower chemical inputs. Research shows INM can increase crop yields by 8-150% compared to conventional practices through better nutrient cycling and synchronization with crop needs. INM is presented as a promising strategy for sustainable agriculture worldwide that addresses challenges of increasing food production and decreasing environmental impacts.
RAWE REPORT AND INDUSTRIAL VISIT BY ANUP (RAWE-INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIE...AnupSahoo8
Here is two type of documents.First one is for industrial visit programs in the year 2019 RAWE. And the second one is for village report or RAWE report on my group village Andharua,Bhubaneswar.At the end thank you so much my group mates for your co-operations .GROUP-13(ANDHARUA)
This document provides a summary of an industrial visit by students to various agricultural facilities in Odisha, India. It includes summaries of visits to:
1) An orchid garden where various dendrobium orchid varieties are commercially cultivated using coconut husk media in a polyhouse structure.
2) The Central Tuber Crop Research Institute where research is conducted on tropical tuber crops like sweet potato and efforts are made to transfer technologies to tribal farmers through demonstrations.
3) The Centre of Excellence facility which demonstrates high-tech horticulture production methods using infrastructure like polygreenhouses, net houses, and high tunnels to commercially grow vegetables, flowers and more.
This document provides details about the rural agricultural work experience (RAWE) of Mr. Sanju Kumar at Taraori village in Karnal district of Haryana. It summarizes key information about the village including its geographical location, demographics, cropping patterns, and major government schemes. It also describes the landholding and livestock details of farmer Vikas Chaudhary who was selected for practical training, including his crop production and economics.
The document provides recommendations for rice cultivation in the subtropical zone of Jammu region, including suitable high yielding rice varieties for different situations, promising rice-based cropping systems, and cultivation practices such as land preparation, nursery raising, transplanting, nutrient management, water management, weed control, and plant protection. Recommended varieties include coarse, fine, and superfine varieties suited to irrigated and rainfed conditions up to 1200 meters above mean sea level.
This document provides an overview of agro-climatic zones and importance of vegetables in Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir Union Territory. The region has three main agro-climatic zones - subtropical zone from 300-1000 meters above sea level including Jammu district, intermediate zone from 1000-1500 meters including parts of Udhampur and Rajouri, and temperate zone above 1500 meters including hilly regions. Major vegetable crops grown vary between zones. Vegetables are an important crop as they are short duration, provide high yields, fit well in crop rotations, and are rich in nutrients essential for human health and diet.
This document provides details about a team participating in a competition on boosting agricultural productivity in India. The team coordinator is Nitish Kumar and other members are listed. It then discusses how agriculture contribution to India's GDP has declined while services have increased. It outlines technological, economic and institutional factors and solutions that could increase agricultural production, such as improved irrigation techniques, investment in infrastructure and research, subsidies, rural development programs, and empowering farmers.
“Doubling of Farmer’s Income by Farming System Approach for Food Security & ...DAYANIDHI CHAUBEY
This document provides an overview of strategies to double farmer's incomes in Bihar, India by 2022 as outlined by the Prime Minister and Finance Minister. It discusses the challenges facing agriculture in Bihar and proposes a farming systems approach that integrates crop production with livestock, fisheries, and other enterprises. This would improve food security and nutrition, increase productivity and farm incomes, optimize resource use, minimize pollution, and generate employment through diversified and sustainable agricultural systems. Key strategies include raising crop yields, higher cropping intensity, diversification, reducing production costs, and developing infrastructure like warehouses and market linkages.
The document discusses several problems facing Indian agriculture including population pressure, small fragmented land holdings, inadequate irrigation, depleted soils, lack of storage facilities, and inadequate farm implements. It then provides details on each of these issues, including the impact of increasing population on demand for land and soil depletion from long term cultivation. Solutions proposed to address low agricultural productivity include expanding irrigation, using high-yielding varieties of seeds, increasing mechanization, providing incentives to farmers, and involving NGOs to help educate farmers. Overall, the document analyzes challenges in Indian agriculture and potential measures to improve productivity.
This document provides information on the cultivation of marigold. It discusses suitable climate and soil conditions, recommended varieties, propagation methods, nursery practices, transplanting procedures, manure and fertilizer application, weed control, irrigation, harvesting, and seed production. Marigold is an important loose flower crop with a wide range of attractive colors. It can be grown year-round in Jammu region. Varieties recommended include Pusa Narangi Gainda and Pusa Basanti Gainda for African marigold, and Pusa Arpita and Desi gutta for French marigold.
Household Gardening Projects in Asia
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
This document discusses ways to increase farming productivity. It describes farming productivity as the ratio of product output to product input, similar to efficiency in engineering. Key ways to increase productivity mentioned include mechanized agriculture using modern machinery, high yield crop varieties from the Green Revolution, proper irrigation, use of pesticides and fertilizers, and using information and communication technologies (ICT) and mobile apps to provide farmers real-time advice and information. The document emphasizes sustainable farming practices, water conservation, supporting local farmers, and developing infrastructure and education to maximize farmer profits and ensure adequate global food supply.
1. Tribal farmers in the Garo Hills region of Meghalaya practice a method of rice cultivation called double transplanting to combat flooding from heavy rains.
2. In double transplanting, seedlings are first transplanted to a nursery bed, then to a secondary nursery bed, and finally to the main field. This allows for flexible late transplanting.
3. A study found that double transplanting led to 83% higher yields than single transplanting, due to stronger seedlings with more tillers and panicles. Despite higher costs, double transplanting was more profitable due to much higher returns.
This document discusses the challenges facing Indian agriculture and how science and technology can help meet those challenges. It outlines several emerging challenges including population growth, resource degradation, climate change, and globalization. To increase food production sustainably, the document proposes focusing on improving input efficiency, bridging yield gaps between potential and actual yields, and developing new stress-resistant crop varieties. It emphasizes the need for location-specific integrated crop management approaches.
This document provides an overview of agriculture in Bangladesh. It outlines that agriculture is the backbone of Bangladesh's economy, providing employment to around 48% of the labor force and contributing about 19.29% to GDP. The document discusses key agricultural statistics for Bangladesh and examines the importance and challenges of the agriculture sector, including problems related to climate change, population growth, and lack of modern machinery. It also reviews the various government agencies and organizations involved in the agriculture sector in Bangladesh.
The document outlines several causes of backwardness in Pakistani agriculture:
1) Lack of education among farmers who are unable to adopt modern scientific methods.
2) Poverty and lack of capital prevents farmers from purchasing improved seeds, fertilizers, and machinery.
3) Tradition and small land holdings prevent adoption of modern techniques.
4) Problems like waterlogging, salinity, and soil erosion lower crop yields and arable land.
5) Marketing and transportation difficulties prevent farmers from getting fair prices for their produce.
“Economic Analysis of Onion Production in Sujanagar and Santhia Areas of Pabn...inventionjournals
The study investigated the productivity, profitability and resource use efficiency of onion production in Sujanagar and Santhia areas of Pabna district, Bangladesh. The multi-stage sampling technique was employed for collecting primary data from a sample of 100 onion farmers elected randomly from four villages in the study area. Findings indicated that the socio-economic characteristics played important role in producing onion where most of the farmers were male, middle aged (41-60), more or less experienced and illiterate and Cobb-Douglas production function was applied for estimating the onion production function which implied the elasticity of output with respect to seed, cultivation, fertilizer, insecticide labor and irrigation that were positive values of 0.136, 0.244, 0.211, 0.130, 0.159 and 0.200 respectively and also significant. The yields, costs of production and net benefit of onion production were 1535.6 kg, Tk. 26329.63 and Tk. 26883.48 per bigha respectively which proved that the onion production was profitable over the study area. But the onion producers faced some major problems such as the lack of appropriate storage facility and technical knowledge, lack of efficient human labor and its higher price, unavailability of high yielding seed and higher input cost in the study area.
This document discusses food gardening in the Philippines. It begins by outlining the benefits of food gardening such as preventing micronutrient deficiencies, reducing food insecurity, and increasing consumption of fruits and vegetables. It then discusses common problems with food gardening like lack of land and water, and provides solutions. The document outlines the basic steps to establishing a food garden, including developing a plan, choosing crops, and necessary gardening techniques. It also discusses technologies used in food gardening and provides examples of successful food gardening projects in the Philippines.
The document is about Krishi Bhavan, an organization that deals with agricultural programs and policies in India. It discusses Krishi Bhavan's organizational structure, activities, and role in formulating programs to increase food production, provide credit and subsidies to farmers, introduce new farming techniques, and honor excellent farmers with awards. Krishi Bhavan aims to modernize agriculture and ensure farmers receive assistance through local offices in each village.
This document discusses the benefits of home food gardening. It notes that food gardening can improve nutrition by providing a reliable food source and reducing micronutrient deficiencies. Gardening can also generate additional income from selling extra produce. Gardening has health benefits like reducing stress and improving mood. While many Filipino households want to garden, common barriers include lack of land, water, time, and knowledge. The document presents several gardening methods that can overcome space limitations, like container gardening, vertical gardening, and the magic square meter method. It encourages individuals, communities, schools and workplaces to start their own food gardens during Nutrition Month to improve access to nutrition.
This document outlines a strategy for doubling the income of Indian farmers. It discusses increasing yields and moving from subsistence to commercial farming. The strategy involves diversifying crops, retaining youth in agriculture, and transforming farming into agribusiness by linking it to food processing and retailing. It also recommends converting rain-fed land to irrigated land, reducing yield gaps, using improved seeds and inputs, and protecting post-harvest losses through better logistics, storage, and cold chains.
This document summarizes a presentation on the future of tropical vegetables over the next 40 years. It identifies challenges such as climate change, urbanization, and pests and diseases, but also opportunities from new technologies, improved nutrition understanding, and empowering women. Key points discussed include adapting vegetables to abiotic and biotic stresses, minimizing postharvest losses, protected cultivation techniques, and developing improved and genetically modified varieties. The presentation advocates for changing mindsets around agriculture and achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals of improving agriculture systems and raising rural prosperity.
This document summarizes a presentation on how to double farmer's income in India. It discusses that the past strategy of increasing agricultural output did not focus on raising farmer's income. It identifies key sources of increasing farmer's income both within and outside of agriculture, including improving productivity, diversifying crops, and shifting to higher value crops. The presentation specifically focuses on the potential of diversifying to microgreens, discussing how they can be profitably grown and providing a case study of a chef who started a successful microgreens business in India.
The document discusses soil health issues in India, including land degradation affecting over 104 million hectares, annual soil and nutrient losses, and various types of soil erosion and degradation affecting over 74 million hectares. It outlines major concerns like monitoring land degradation, improving soil physical, chemical, and biological properties, and managing crop residues. It also describes challenges to soil health in India like insufficient soil testing laboratories and capacity. Research initiatives addressed through various government organizations and projects are outlined, along with policy initiatives to promote balanced fertilizer use, conservation agriculture, and other sustainable soil management practices.
Run-off Water Harvesters and Agro-wells for Supplementary Irrigation of Rain-...Hiran Amarasekera
L.M.J.R Wijayawardhana, K.H.D Abeyrathna, W.R.G Witharama
& A.P Keerthipala
Sugarcane Research Institute of Sri Lanka, Uda Walawe
International Forestry and Environment Symposium 2011 Annual Symposium organized by Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka http://fesympo.sjp.ac.lk/
Event / Evento: II Workshop on Sugarcane Physiology for Agronomic Applications
Speaker / Palestrante: Frederick C. Botha (Sugar Research Australia)
Date / Data: Oct, 29-30th 2013 / 29 e 30 de outubro de 2013
Place / Local: CTBE/CNPEM Campus, Campinas, Brazil
Event Website / Website do evento: www.bioetanol.org.br/sugarcanephysiology
“Doubling of Farmer’s Income by Farming System Approach for Food Security & ...DAYANIDHI CHAUBEY
This document provides an overview of strategies to double farmer's incomes in Bihar, India by 2022 as outlined by the Prime Minister and Finance Minister. It discusses the challenges facing agriculture in Bihar and proposes a farming systems approach that integrates crop production with livestock, fisheries, and other enterprises. This would improve food security and nutrition, increase productivity and farm incomes, optimize resource use, minimize pollution, and generate employment through diversified and sustainable agricultural systems. Key strategies include raising crop yields, higher cropping intensity, diversification, reducing production costs, and developing infrastructure like warehouses and market linkages.
The document discusses several problems facing Indian agriculture including population pressure, small fragmented land holdings, inadequate irrigation, depleted soils, lack of storage facilities, and inadequate farm implements. It then provides details on each of these issues, including the impact of increasing population on demand for land and soil depletion from long term cultivation. Solutions proposed to address low agricultural productivity include expanding irrigation, using high-yielding varieties of seeds, increasing mechanization, providing incentives to farmers, and involving NGOs to help educate farmers. Overall, the document analyzes challenges in Indian agriculture and potential measures to improve productivity.
This document provides information on the cultivation of marigold. It discusses suitable climate and soil conditions, recommended varieties, propagation methods, nursery practices, transplanting procedures, manure and fertilizer application, weed control, irrigation, harvesting, and seed production. Marigold is an important loose flower crop with a wide range of attractive colors. It can be grown year-round in Jammu region. Varieties recommended include Pusa Narangi Gainda and Pusa Basanti Gainda for African marigold, and Pusa Arpita and Desi gutta for French marigold.
Household Gardening Projects in Asia
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
This document discusses ways to increase farming productivity. It describes farming productivity as the ratio of product output to product input, similar to efficiency in engineering. Key ways to increase productivity mentioned include mechanized agriculture using modern machinery, high yield crop varieties from the Green Revolution, proper irrigation, use of pesticides and fertilizers, and using information and communication technologies (ICT) and mobile apps to provide farmers real-time advice and information. The document emphasizes sustainable farming practices, water conservation, supporting local farmers, and developing infrastructure and education to maximize farmer profits and ensure adequate global food supply.
1. Tribal farmers in the Garo Hills region of Meghalaya practice a method of rice cultivation called double transplanting to combat flooding from heavy rains.
2. In double transplanting, seedlings are first transplanted to a nursery bed, then to a secondary nursery bed, and finally to the main field. This allows for flexible late transplanting.
3. A study found that double transplanting led to 83% higher yields than single transplanting, due to stronger seedlings with more tillers and panicles. Despite higher costs, double transplanting was more profitable due to much higher returns.
This document discusses the challenges facing Indian agriculture and how science and technology can help meet those challenges. It outlines several emerging challenges including population growth, resource degradation, climate change, and globalization. To increase food production sustainably, the document proposes focusing on improving input efficiency, bridging yield gaps between potential and actual yields, and developing new stress-resistant crop varieties. It emphasizes the need for location-specific integrated crop management approaches.
This document provides an overview of agriculture in Bangladesh. It outlines that agriculture is the backbone of Bangladesh's economy, providing employment to around 48% of the labor force and contributing about 19.29% to GDP. The document discusses key agricultural statistics for Bangladesh and examines the importance and challenges of the agriculture sector, including problems related to climate change, population growth, and lack of modern machinery. It also reviews the various government agencies and organizations involved in the agriculture sector in Bangladesh.
The document outlines several causes of backwardness in Pakistani agriculture:
1) Lack of education among farmers who are unable to adopt modern scientific methods.
2) Poverty and lack of capital prevents farmers from purchasing improved seeds, fertilizers, and machinery.
3) Tradition and small land holdings prevent adoption of modern techniques.
4) Problems like waterlogging, salinity, and soil erosion lower crop yields and arable land.
5) Marketing and transportation difficulties prevent farmers from getting fair prices for their produce.
“Economic Analysis of Onion Production in Sujanagar and Santhia Areas of Pabn...inventionjournals
The study investigated the productivity, profitability and resource use efficiency of onion production in Sujanagar and Santhia areas of Pabna district, Bangladesh. The multi-stage sampling technique was employed for collecting primary data from a sample of 100 onion farmers elected randomly from four villages in the study area. Findings indicated that the socio-economic characteristics played important role in producing onion where most of the farmers were male, middle aged (41-60), more or less experienced and illiterate and Cobb-Douglas production function was applied for estimating the onion production function which implied the elasticity of output with respect to seed, cultivation, fertilizer, insecticide labor and irrigation that were positive values of 0.136, 0.244, 0.211, 0.130, 0.159 and 0.200 respectively and also significant. The yields, costs of production and net benefit of onion production were 1535.6 kg, Tk. 26329.63 and Tk. 26883.48 per bigha respectively which proved that the onion production was profitable over the study area. But the onion producers faced some major problems such as the lack of appropriate storage facility and technical knowledge, lack of efficient human labor and its higher price, unavailability of high yielding seed and higher input cost in the study area.
This document discusses food gardening in the Philippines. It begins by outlining the benefits of food gardening such as preventing micronutrient deficiencies, reducing food insecurity, and increasing consumption of fruits and vegetables. It then discusses common problems with food gardening like lack of land and water, and provides solutions. The document outlines the basic steps to establishing a food garden, including developing a plan, choosing crops, and necessary gardening techniques. It also discusses technologies used in food gardening and provides examples of successful food gardening projects in the Philippines.
The document is about Krishi Bhavan, an organization that deals with agricultural programs and policies in India. It discusses Krishi Bhavan's organizational structure, activities, and role in formulating programs to increase food production, provide credit and subsidies to farmers, introduce new farming techniques, and honor excellent farmers with awards. Krishi Bhavan aims to modernize agriculture and ensure farmers receive assistance through local offices in each village.
This document discusses the benefits of home food gardening. It notes that food gardening can improve nutrition by providing a reliable food source and reducing micronutrient deficiencies. Gardening can also generate additional income from selling extra produce. Gardening has health benefits like reducing stress and improving mood. While many Filipino households want to garden, common barriers include lack of land, water, time, and knowledge. The document presents several gardening methods that can overcome space limitations, like container gardening, vertical gardening, and the magic square meter method. It encourages individuals, communities, schools and workplaces to start their own food gardens during Nutrition Month to improve access to nutrition.
This document outlines a strategy for doubling the income of Indian farmers. It discusses increasing yields and moving from subsistence to commercial farming. The strategy involves diversifying crops, retaining youth in agriculture, and transforming farming into agribusiness by linking it to food processing and retailing. It also recommends converting rain-fed land to irrigated land, reducing yield gaps, using improved seeds and inputs, and protecting post-harvest losses through better logistics, storage, and cold chains.
This document summarizes a presentation on the future of tropical vegetables over the next 40 years. It identifies challenges such as climate change, urbanization, and pests and diseases, but also opportunities from new technologies, improved nutrition understanding, and empowering women. Key points discussed include adapting vegetables to abiotic and biotic stresses, minimizing postharvest losses, protected cultivation techniques, and developing improved and genetically modified varieties. The presentation advocates for changing mindsets around agriculture and achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals of improving agriculture systems and raising rural prosperity.
This document summarizes a presentation on how to double farmer's income in India. It discusses that the past strategy of increasing agricultural output did not focus on raising farmer's income. It identifies key sources of increasing farmer's income both within and outside of agriculture, including improving productivity, diversifying crops, and shifting to higher value crops. The presentation specifically focuses on the potential of diversifying to microgreens, discussing how they can be profitably grown and providing a case study of a chef who started a successful microgreens business in India.
The document discusses soil health issues in India, including land degradation affecting over 104 million hectares, annual soil and nutrient losses, and various types of soil erosion and degradation affecting over 74 million hectares. It outlines major concerns like monitoring land degradation, improving soil physical, chemical, and biological properties, and managing crop residues. It also describes challenges to soil health in India like insufficient soil testing laboratories and capacity. Research initiatives addressed through various government organizations and projects are outlined, along with policy initiatives to promote balanced fertilizer use, conservation agriculture, and other sustainable soil management practices.
Run-off Water Harvesters and Agro-wells for Supplementary Irrigation of Rain-...Hiran Amarasekera
L.M.J.R Wijayawardhana, K.H.D Abeyrathna, W.R.G Witharama
& A.P Keerthipala
Sugarcane Research Institute of Sri Lanka, Uda Walawe
International Forestry and Environment Symposium 2011 Annual Symposium organized by Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka http://fesympo.sjp.ac.lk/
Event / Evento: II Workshop on Sugarcane Physiology for Agronomic Applications
Speaker / Palestrante: Frederick C. Botha (Sugar Research Australia)
Date / Data: Oct, 29-30th 2013 / 29 e 30 de outubro de 2013
Place / Local: CTBE/CNPEM Campus, Campinas, Brazil
Event Website / Website do evento: www.bioetanol.org.br/sugarcanephysiology
The document discusses the importance of the sugar industry in India and outlines opportunities for research and development. It notes that the sugar industry provides livelihoods for millions of people but faces challenges of fluctuating production and stagnating yields. It highlights priority areas for R&D such as varietal development, irrigation techniques, mechanization, and integrated pest management. Additionally, it outlines opportunities to increase ethanol production through technologies like gasification and genetic engineering. The document emphasizes the need for increased investment in R&D to make the industry globally competitive and ensure its long-term stability and growth.
“More with Less” The Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative (SSI) in India and Beyond: Experience & Future Directions.
Presented by: Dr. Biksham Gujja, bg@agsri.com
Venue: Cornell University
Date: 8th February 2013
- Aluminum toxicity occurs in acidic soils below pH 5.2 and damages root systems, reducing water and nutrient uptake. Liming to increase soil pH alleviates aluminum toxicity.
- Boron deficiency symptoms appear first on young leaves as chlorosis along leaf margins or distortion. Severe deficiency can kill the apical meristem or cause brittle, bunched growth.
- Nitrogen deficiency first appears in older leaves as pale green or yellowing, reducing internodal growth and prematurely separating leaf sheaths.
This document provides information on plant diseases that affect various crops and recommendations for controlling each disease. For each disease listed, the recommendations typically include using resistant varieties when available, applying appropriate fungicides or other chemicals, practicing crop rotation, and removing diseased plants or plant parts. Control is listed as the recommended action for most diseases.
The document provides information on sugarcane production technology used by Gulf Sugar Mills Limited in Ghotki. It discusses suitable soils, common soil problems like hard pans and surface crust, their causes and management. It also covers seed selection, recommended varieties, seed bed preparation, sett preparation, seed treatment, planting methods, weed management, and important weed species. The goal is to provide guidance on agronomic practices for optimal sugarcane cultivation.
Event / Evento: II Workshop on Sugarcane Physiology for Agronomic Applications
Speaker / Palestrante: Gaspar H. Korndörfer (Federal University of Uberlândia)
Date / Data: Oct, 29-30th 2013 / 29 e 30 de outubro de 2013
Place / Local: CTBE/CNPEM Campus, Campinas, Brazil
Event Website / Website do evento: www.bioetanol.org.br/sugarcanephysiology
Evaluation, refinement and development of tractor operated sugarcane cutter p...Gajanan Bele
This document summarizes the evaluation of different sugarcane planter designs. It describes the specifications and performance testing of the Khalsa PE 630 and IISR Lucknow sugarcane cutter planter designs. Laboratory and field tests were conducted to analyze aspects like cutting force required, fertilizer application rates, field efficiency, and germination rates. The results found that the IISR design requires less force for cutting but sett length depends on operator feeding rate, while the Khalsa planter's sett length depends on roller diameter and rpm. Refinements were suggested for aspects like the fertilizer metering system, blade design, and ridger bodies.
- Sugarcane is an important crop for sugar production, with 62% of the world's sugar coming from sugarcane. India is a major producer, with the sugar industry being one of the largest agro-industries in the country.
- Sugarcane grows in a wide range of soils but prefers moderately heavy, medium deep loams with good drainage and no compaction or salt.
- The main byproducts of sugarcane processing are cane tops, bagasse, filter mud, spent wash, and molasses, which all have various industrial and agricultural uses.
India is the second largest producer of sugarcane in the world after Brazil, producing around 355 million tons annually on 4 million hectares of land. Sugarcane is grown by over 35 million farmers and is used to produce various products including sugar, jaggery, molasses, ethanol and electricity. However, India faces several challenges in the sugarcane industry including water scarcity, low yields, outdated mills, and high domestic sugar demand that exceeds production. The government and farmers are pursuing innovative solutions like the Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative to boost yields while reducing inputs, and growing sugarcane alongside other crops to improve sustainability.
The document describes various farm equipment used for soil preparation, planting, maintenance and harvesting of crops. It includes equipment for cutting crop residue, subsoiling, plowing, harrowing, fertilizer application, land leveling, weed and pest control spraying, ridge making, sugarcane loading and transport. The key equipment are a rotary slasher, subsoiler, plow, harrow, rotavator, fertilizer spreader, land leveler, boom sprayer, tyne ridger, sugarcane loader and tipping trailer.
Similar to 20.Improving agricultural productivity, A Lecture By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province Pakistan
This document discusses strategies for agriculture to adapt to climate change impacts and become more climate-smart. It outlines several key strategies:
1. Diversifying crop systems and introducing more resilient varieties to cope with changing conditions and increase productivity.
2. Implementing integrated pest management and reducing hazardous pesticide use to provide sound pest and disease control.
3. Increasing water productivity through improving irrigation systems, developing drought-resistant crops, and switching to higher-value uses to gain more yield from available water.
4. Investing in agricultural science, rural infrastructure, and policies to incentivize environmentally-friendly practices to build resilience and reduce emissions from the sector.
Bruno Gerard presentation during the event "Conservation Agriculture: Overcoming the challenges to adoption and scaling-up" held by IFAD jointly with the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)
This document discusses an agricultural training program that will be conducted in local administrative areas (panchayats/blocs/districts) to train farmers. The training will cover topics like increasing farm production, selecting crops, using seeds, pesticides, fertilizers, irrigation systems, and protecting crops from disasters. It will aim to teach farmers more scientific agricultural methods. The document also provides some statistical information about the geographical area, cultivated land, and types of farm holdings in the region.
This document summarizes a regional project aimed at improving livelihoods in rural communities in the Nile Valley and Sub-Saharan Africa region through sustainable crop and livestock management. The project addresses major challenges facing agriculture like climate change, lack of resources and policies. It tests improved technologies for integrated crop and livestock production to increase water productivity and incomes in rainfed and irrigated areas. Initial results from trial sites in Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea show increased yields and incomes, water and cost savings through practices like efficient irrigation, new crops, and livestock supplementation. The project concludes water productivity and farmer incomes can be substantially improved through improved production packages and integrated management focusing on water.
To meet rising global food demand, agricultural productivity must be significantly increased in a sustainable way. Nearly 800 million people experience hunger daily and food production needs to double by 2050. Key issues impacting productivity are degradation of farmlands, resistant pests, limited water availability, soil composition variations, and inadequate storage facilities. Solutions proposed include more efficient irrigation, precision agriculture, developing drought-resistant crops, improving soil and water management, and investing in research.
1. The document discusses farming systems and sustainable agriculture. It defines farming systems and lists their advantages.
2. Key components of sustainable agriculture are discussed, including soil conservation, crop diversity, nutrient management, and integrated pest management.
3. The three pillars of sustainability - economic, environmental, and social - are outlined. Benefits and disadvantages of sustainable agriculture are also provided.
The document discusses the development and characteristics of modern agriculture in the 20th century and questions whether it should be continued or expanded. It argues that while modern agriculture greatly increased food production, it has stressed natural resources and the environment. The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is presented as an agroecological alternative that uses different management practices to improve yields while reducing inputs, costs, and environmental impacts compared to modern practices. SRI demonstrates that alternatives exist that are more sustainable and productive than continuing along the current technological path of modern agriculture.
From Farm to Market: The importance of smallholder farmers for the agricultur...ICARDA
ICARDA supports smallholder farmers in dryland regions through agricultural research and development efforts. It produces improved crop varieties and livestock breeds that are drought tolerant and produce higher yields. It also promotes more efficient irrigation techniques, integrated crop-livestock systems, and value addition activities. Examples presented showed how ICARDA's chickpea and wheat varieties increased farmer incomes in Turkey, and how wastewater irrigation projects and livestock interventions benefited smallholders in Gaza, Jordan and Syria. ICARDA's new strategy aims to continue providing innovative science-based solutions to make dryland agriculture and communities more resilient and prosperous.
This document discusses issues related to improving Indian agriculture. It identifies key issues such as revitalizing cooperatives, improving rural credit, research and education, and promoting trade. It emphasizes the need for better seeds, crop management using fertilizers and machinery efficiently, and conserving resources like water. The document outlines India's role in global agriculture production and constraints like limited arable land and water resources. It stresses producing more food sustainably with fewer resources to meet growing demand.
Sudan 2 pager water management draft 1 reviewedNE Kim
This document outlines a project to improve water management and agricultural productivity in rainfed areas of Sudan. The project will demonstrate water and soil conservation techniques to farmers through field schools and training. It aims to enhance the skills of extension agents and farmers on practices like irrigation methods, soil conservation, and crop production. Located in four states, the multi-year project expects to benefit thousands of farmers and pastoralists. If successful, it could help increase crop yields, save water, energy and labor, and raise incomes for farmers and households in drought-prone areas of Sudan.
Pakistan's Agriculture Sector 1 (crops sector) Challenges and ResponseShahid Hussain Raja
Explains the historical evolution of Pakistan's agricultural sector and carries out its SWOT Analysis by describing its major strengths and weaknesses as well as the threats it faces and the opportunities available for its growth. Then lists the challenges Pakistan's agricultural sector is facing and comes up with a detailed plan of action to face those challenges.
1) Agricultural diversification involves reallocating farm resources like land, capital and equipment to non-farm activities or alternative crops. It helps reduce risk and respond to changing demands, policies and climate change.
2) There are two approaches to crop diversification - horizontal which adds new high-value crops, and vertical which adds value through processing.
3) Diversification is needed in India due to monsoon reliance, lack of irrigation, and to provide employment outside of agriculture. Government policies aim to promote diversification through insurance, technology missions, subsidies and other support.
Doubling the farmer's income in saarc countries through Hi-tech horticultureSachin Tyagi
The document discusses how adopting hi-tech horticulture techniques can help double farmers' incomes in SAARC countries. It outlines several challenges facing agriculture in SAARC nations, including declining land and labor, and proposes strategies like crop improvement, protected cultivation, mechanization, and post-harvest management. The techniques of hi-tech horticulture can enhance production and productivity, generate employment, and improve food security and farmers' economic conditions. Overall, hi-tech agriculture can help save resources and improve quality, providing a solution to food security needs and bettering rural economies.
Realizing sustainable agricultural mechanization in Africa. Conservation agriculture (CA) principles include minimum soil disturbance, permanent soil cover, and crop rotations. CA can help address food security challenges in Africa by increasing yields while protecting soils from degradation. The three principles overlap to provide maximum benefits like improved water infiltration, soil structure and biology. CA is applicable in different environments and to various crops. Challenges include integrating crops and livestock, weeding, and labor requirements. Adoption of CA is increasing globally and in some African countries but remains low across much of the continent.
Landscape Restoration for Improving Ecosystem Services and Building Climate R...WRI India
Landscape restoration aims to improve ecosystem services and build climate resilience. ITC has implemented landscape restoration projects covering over 260,000 hectares involving soil and water conservation techniques, sustainable agriculture practices, groundwater management, biodiversity promotion, and climate-resilient livelihoods. Challenges include integrating diverse stakeholder interests, aligning multiple institutions and programs, and establishing payment for ecosystem services.
This document discusses challenges related to global water scarcity and food security given projected population growth. It notes that dramatic population growth is projected for water-scarce areas of South Asia and Africa. Current agricultural practices rely heavily on irrigation, which buffers rainfall variability but is unsustainable. Solutions proposed include optimizing crop planting locations, improving irrigation efficiency, developing water pricing and storage strategies, and increasing rainfed crop yields through technology and management practices. The overall framing questions whether global food demands in 2050 can be met sustainably given water and land constraints.
Background
Water stress poses serious threats to human lives, livelihoods and business stability.
As per WRI, more than 61 countries face high to extreme levels of water stress a narrow gap between supply and demand leaves countries vulnerable to fluctuations like droughts or increased water withdrawals, which is why we’re seeing more and more communities facing their own “Day Zeros” and other crises.
It is important to understand cascading effects of climate change and how it impacts food security and nutrition among vulnerable smallholder farmers and build resilience.
Agro-ecological approach conservation agriculture and SRI - Prof. Amir KassamSri Lmb
This document summarizes a regional workshop on agroecological approaches to crop and land management, specifically conservation agriculture and the system of rice intensification. It discusses how modern industrial agriculture has disrupted ecosystem functions through intensive tillage and inputs, leading to soil degradation. As alternatives, it promotes conservation agriculture and the system of rice intensification, which are based on minimizing soil disturbance, maintaining soil cover, and diversifying crops. These agroecological principles provide a foundation for sustainable intensification that improves yields while preserving resources and ecosystem services.
Similar to 20.Improving agricultural productivity, A Lecture By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province Pakistan (20)
49. Energy Sources ( Production of biodiesel from jatropha) A Series of Prese...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Jatropha is a plant that can be used to produce biodiesel. Mr. Allah Dad Khan, an agriculture consultant and adviser from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, gave a presentation on jatropha production for biodiesel. The presentation discussed using jatropha to produce an alternative fuel source.
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Jatropha oil has potential as a biodiesel source. Mr. Allah Dad Khan, an agriculture consultant and adviser in KPK Pakistan, gave a presentation on jatropha oil as bio diesel. The presentation discussed jatropha oil's viability as an alternative energy source for fuel.
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Nuclear energy is a promising source of clean energy that can help address energy demands and climate change issues. However, it also carries risks from radioactive waste and potential safety issues from accidents that must be carefully managed. Overall, if developed responsibly with strong safety protocols, nuclear power could make an important zero-carbon contribution to the global energy mix.
32. Energy Sources ( Energy sources the fuel) A Series of Presentation to ...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
The document discusses various sources of energy, dividing them into conventional and non-conventional sources. Conventional sources include fossil fuels like coal, petroleum and natural gas. These are used in thermal power plants to produce electricity. Hydro power plants use the kinetic energy of flowing water for electricity. Non-conventional sources include solar, wind, biomass, tidal, geothermal and nuclear energy. These provide alternatives to fossil fuels and many are renewable but also have challenges like cost, land use or waste disposal.
17. Energy sources ( Tidal energy waves facts) A Series of Presentation to ...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Tidal energy has the potential to be a renewable source of energy. Mr. Allah Dad Khan, an agriculture consultant and adviser in KPK Pakistan, gave a presentation about tidal energy and waves. The presentation provided facts about harnessing the power of tides and waves for energy production.
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Tidal energy is a renewable source of energy that harnesses the power of tides. It has several advantages, including being renewable as tides are driven by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun, being a green energy source that doesn't emit greenhouse gases, and having a predictable output. However, tidal energy also has disadvantages such as potentially impacting the environment, only being available when tides are surging for around 10 hours per day so requiring effective energy storage, and being an expensive new technology that is not yet cost-effective.
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This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
20.Improving agricultural productivity, A Lecture By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province Pakistan
3. Overview of the presentation
1. Introduction
2. Factors affecting crop production
3. Agricultural productivity
- Research and Technological Innovation for
increased productivity
- Seed Production and supply system
- Opportunities for Increasing Agricultural Productivity
- Crop Production: Challenges
4. Water Use Efficiency:
- Growth of Irrigation
- Opportunities for Increasing Water Productivity
5. Strengthening Rural Livelihoods
4. AGRICULTURE
The Backbone off Pakistan’’s Economy
Agriculture is the mainstay of Pakistan’s
economy.
Nearly 21% of total output (GDP)
44 percent of total employment is
generated in agriculture.
It also contributes substantially to
Pakistan’s exports
5. Introduction
Pakistan's principal natural resources are arable land and water. About 25% of Pakistan's
total land area is under cultivation and is watered by one of the largest irrigation systems
in the world. Pakistan irrigates three times more acres than Russia. Agriculture accounts
for about 23% of GDP and employs about 44% of the labor force. Pakistan is one of the
world's largest producers and suppliers of the following according to the 2005 Food and
Agriculture Organization of The United Nations and FAOSTAT given here with ranking:
Chickpea (2nd)
Apricot (4th)
Cotton (4th)
Sugarcane (4th)
Milk (5th)
Onion (5th)
Date Palm (6th)
Mango (7th)
Tangerines, mandarin orange, clementine (8th)
Rice (8th)
Wheat (9th)
Oranges (10th)
8. Factors affecting crop production
There are many factors that influence how well
plants grow and develop.
These factors are sometimes used by the farmer
to make decisions.
It is beyond the scope of this presentation to list
every factor that affects crop production,
however a basic list of types of factors is
attempted
9. Soil Factors
Soil factors: Soil types, soil fertility (levels of nutrients), soil
depth, soil moisture etc.
Pest factors: Historical or current infestations of soil fungus,
bacterial diseases, insects or weeds etc.
Management factors: Crop rotation practices, fertilizer and
pesticide applications, tillage practices etc.
Technological factors: Use of farm implements, improved seed,
irrigation, soil moisture conservation methods etc
Weather factors: Rainfall, insolation temperature and humidity.
Climatic factors: Long range weather patterns (frost, length of growing
season, start of the rains, end of the rains, degree days etc.)
10. Goal of agriculture: to increase production of
crops by increasing their productivity and
water use efficiency; and Improving rural
livelihoods by reducing poverty through
development & dissemination of sustainable
technology
11. Agricultural productivity
The productivity of agriculture depends on
- use of High Yielding Varieties (HYV),
- improved management practices,
- efficient use of irrigation water,
- pest management,
- soil health management
- and other related factors which are
discussed below
12. Factors to promote Ag. Productivity
Research and Technological Innovation for increased
productivity
ii. Seed Production and supply system
iii. Opportunities for Increasing Agricultural Productivity:
- Input use efficiency for productivity enhancement
- Yield gap reduction
- Replacement of traditional varieties by modern varieties
(HYV & hybrid)
- Crop diversification
- Breaking the yield stagnancy of modern varieties by hybrid
and super rice
- Adoption of integrated crop production technologies
- Integrated nutrient management
- Farm mechanization
- Bio-technology research and development
- Subsidy in agriculture
13. Factors to promote Ag. Productivity
iv. Crop Production: Challenges
- Climate change and agriculture
- Soil Degradations
- Pest Infestation
- Lack of Infrastructure and Power Supply
- Global Warming
- High Population Growth and Land Scarcity
- Storms, Earthquakes, etc
14. Water Use Efficiency:
Water: most vital physical factor for agricultural production
after land
- water scarcity presents a big threat to future food
production
- many fresh water sources (surface & ground) are depleting
faster
- Pumping water (surface + ground) dominates the irrigation
system in Bangladesh (90%), while large diversion type
surface irrigation system comprises less irrigation area
(10%).
- Water scarcity is managed through two options in
Bangladesh that is, irrigation and crop management
15. Opportunities for Increasing
Water Productivity
Capacity utilization of minor irrigation system
• Command Area Development
• Drought alleviation
• Increasing water use efficiency
• Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) Method for
Water Saving
• Salinity management
• Arsenic in Water
• Institutional arrangement
16. Strengthening Rural Livelihoods
Dissemination of agricultural technologies for
improvement of rural livelihoods
• Opportunities both for domestic opportunities and
international
markets
• Creating employment opportunity especially for the
women
• Diversification of high value crops
• Export promotion and Development of AEZ based
technology
• Agro-processing Activities
• Revamping agricultural marketing system
• Supply chain development
17. Future Strategy for Sustainable
Land Management
Develop additional water storage capacity by
construction of small, medium and large storage
dams and improve distribution network
Improve water use efficiency – precision land
leveling, water course improvement and optimized
irrigation
Promotion of high efficiency irrigation systems and
water conservation techniques – Zero tillage, inter
cropping, etc
Replace less competitive high delta crops (sugarcane
and IRRI rice) with more competitive crops requiring
less water (e.g. sugar beet, oil seeds and pulses)
Programs for waterlogging and salinity control and
research on bio-saline agriculture
18. Future Strategy for Sustainable
Land Management
Production and Export of high value crops (fruits,
vegetables, flowers etc.)
Private sector led processing, grading packaging and
cold storage facilities.
Promotion of Contract farming and Provision of
credit
facilities for agri-business
Farmers training in post harvest technologies
Enhance production of oilseeds, pulses, tea and other
import items – vertical and horizontal increase