The document analyzes the adoption of farming technologies by vegetable farmers in Chapainawabganj, Bangladesh. It finds that most farmers are middle-aged with primary or secondary education. The majority have small landholdings, low annual incomes, and little access to credit or training. Regression analysis shows that education level, farm size, and innovativeness positively influence farmers' adoption of new technologies, while problems faced negatively affect adoption. The study aims to help extension workers promote appropriate technologies to overcome constraints faced by vegetable farmers.
Wheat being major crop is great source of nutrition food in Pakistan. Despite its importance from economic and agricultural point of view, the government negligence, certain market and non market factors affected its production, consequently small farmers have suffered badly. A survey research study was conducted on wheat crop during 2014 to find out cultivated area, yield, farm production, stored, sold and price at Sakrand, Sindh. Results demonstrated that minimum cultivated area 01 acre, yield 22 mds acre-1 and production 45 mds farm-1 and maximum cultivated area 70 acres, yield 60 mds acre-1 and production 2800 mds farm-1 were recorded, while mean cultivated area 9.79 acres, yield 44.1 mds acre-1 and production 428.2 mds farm-1 were noted. In case of storage and quantity sold, the maximum 100 mds, minimum 15 mds and mean 52.71 mds stored by the farmers for family food purposes and greater grain yield 2725 mds, reduced 25 mds and mean 375.49 mds were sold. The higher price Rs. 1200 m-1, lower Rs. 950 m-1 and mean Rs. 106.36 m-1 were measured, while, more income Rs. 62563, reduced Rs. 18375 and average Rs. 37869.35 acre-1 were observed. In case of income farm-1, the highest Rs. 2861250, lowest Rs. 26500 and mean Rs. 399571.71 farm-1 were noted. Whereas, economic analysis of wheat showed average Rs. 51305 gross, 28976 net revenue and Rs. 1.29 benefit on invested rupee-1. The results depict that small farmers are producing lower quantity and getting lower wheat prices due to soil environmental and market factors. Government through policy intervention by subsidy for small farmers may enhance wheat productivity in the study area.
Productivity of Horticulture in Remote Tribal Areas of Andhra Pradeshijtsrd
The present study reveals that horticultural crops i.e. mango, guava, banana, pineapple, etc. in remote agency area of Andhra Pradesh state, productivity of horticulture helps to reduce an extensive deforestation. The qualitative data collected from 45 key informants both sexes belonging to tribal population of the Kurnool, Prakasam, Visakhapatnam, Vizianagaram and Srikakulam districts. For data collection, observation and interview methods employed. Appalanaidu Pappala "Productivity of Horticulture in Remote Tribal Areas of Andhra Pradesh" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd20253.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/20253/productivity-of-horticulture-in-remote-tribal-areas-of-andhra-pradesh/appalanaidu-pappala
Measuring the cost of production and returns of hyv boro rice farmers :A stud...Kanok Chowdhury
This study is on the measurement of the cost and return of HYV boro rice farmers in comilla district. This study contributes to a better understanding of the factors that influence financial and economic profitability of HYV boro rice. In addition, this study highlights how cost of labor and commodities used in agriculture affect profitability and production of HYV boro rice crop in comilla district.
Merauke as a food barn has been carried out since the days of the Dutch
administration, namely by making Merauke an Asia Pacific food warehouse. To
realize this target, the Dutch government conducted a program to move the
population known as colonization, namely by bringing residents from Java to be
moved to Merauke. After the independence period the Indonesian colonization
program was still held by the name of transmigration. These transmigrant farmers
then live side by side with local residents and transmit the ability to cultivate rice to
local residents in Merauke Regency who previously lived from gathering, shifting
fields, sago farming, fishing, hunting and farming with the method of lagging, finally
getting interested in learning to grow crops rice. The purpose of this study is to
analyze (1) the factors that influence rice farming production on transmigrant
This research work examines the impact of technology adoption on agricultural productivity. It considers the south-west region of Bangladesh as the study area. Since most of the farmers in the study area are engaged in rice production, this study surveys randomly selected 60 rice farmers in the IRRI season of year 2015 through using a questionnaire. This study finds sufficient variation in frequency and degree of technology adoption in agricultural practices among the surveyed farmers. The analysis results indicate that farmers are adopting high level of technology in seed variety and irrigation phases, medium level of technology in land preparation, pest management and fertilizer application phases and low level of technology in weeding and harvesting phases. There is a statistically significant difference in productivity between high and low degree technology adopters. Education and land holdings are the statistically significant variables in determining technology adoption level. According to the study findings, a one percent increase in technology adoption leads to increase in productivity by 0.22 percent, holding other factors constant, and this influence is statistically significant at one percent level. Therefore, this study concludes that there is a scope for further increase in productivity through planned manipulation of technology adoption level in different phases of agricultural production.
Estimating productivity gap and contribution of wheat productionsanaullah noonari
Shaheed Benazirabad farmers were divided into groups named high yield group, medium yield group and low
yield group. The farmers applied an average of 45.27 kg, 45.82 kg and45.18 kg seed per acre respectively.
Though, there is not a very large difference in average seed used by both farmer groups but the later used less
quantity of wheat seed per acre to some extent. The impact of different factors on these groups was measured
through multiple liner regression models. It was found that there exists a yield gap of 17.84 mounds per acre
between high yield group and research station. The yield gap between medium and high group was 8.02 Mds per
acre while the yield gap between medium group and low yield group was 5.93 Mds per acre. The standard error
of estimates F-statics and R-square for high yield group was 0.0623, 2.470 and 0.398 respectively, for medium
yield group 0.0314, 3.231 and 0.486 respectively and for low yield group 0.056, 1.342 and 0.345 respectively.
The other objective of the study was to calculate the growth rate of wheat in District Shaheed Benazirabad
Sindh. The exponential function was used to calculate the growth rate. It was found during study that the growth
rate of wheat in Pakistan was 2.59%, 2.94% growth of wheat in Sindh and in District Shaheed Benazirabad was -
1.17%, 9.75% respectively.
Keywords: Wheat, Productivity, yield gap, F-statics, R-square, Benazirabad, Pakistan.
Wheat being major crop is great source of nutrition food in Pakistan. Despite its importance from economic and agricultural point of view, the government negligence, certain market and non market factors affected its production, consequently small farmers have suffered badly. A survey research study was conducted on wheat crop during 2014 to find out cultivated area, yield, farm production, stored, sold and price at Sakrand, Sindh. Results demonstrated that minimum cultivated area 01 acre, yield 22 mds acre-1 and production 45 mds farm-1 and maximum cultivated area 70 acres, yield 60 mds acre-1 and production 2800 mds farm-1 were recorded, while mean cultivated area 9.79 acres, yield 44.1 mds acre-1 and production 428.2 mds farm-1 were noted. In case of storage and quantity sold, the maximum 100 mds, minimum 15 mds and mean 52.71 mds stored by the farmers for family food purposes and greater grain yield 2725 mds, reduced 25 mds and mean 375.49 mds were sold. The higher price Rs. 1200 m-1, lower Rs. 950 m-1 and mean Rs. 106.36 m-1 were measured, while, more income Rs. 62563, reduced Rs. 18375 and average Rs. 37869.35 acre-1 were observed. In case of income farm-1, the highest Rs. 2861250, lowest Rs. 26500 and mean Rs. 399571.71 farm-1 were noted. Whereas, economic analysis of wheat showed average Rs. 51305 gross, 28976 net revenue and Rs. 1.29 benefit on invested rupee-1. The results depict that small farmers are producing lower quantity and getting lower wheat prices due to soil environmental and market factors. Government through policy intervention by subsidy for small farmers may enhance wheat productivity in the study area.
Productivity of Horticulture in Remote Tribal Areas of Andhra Pradeshijtsrd
The present study reveals that horticultural crops i.e. mango, guava, banana, pineapple, etc. in remote agency area of Andhra Pradesh state, productivity of horticulture helps to reduce an extensive deforestation. The qualitative data collected from 45 key informants both sexes belonging to tribal population of the Kurnool, Prakasam, Visakhapatnam, Vizianagaram and Srikakulam districts. For data collection, observation and interview methods employed. Appalanaidu Pappala "Productivity of Horticulture in Remote Tribal Areas of Andhra Pradesh" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd20253.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/20253/productivity-of-horticulture-in-remote-tribal-areas-of-andhra-pradesh/appalanaidu-pappala
Measuring the cost of production and returns of hyv boro rice farmers :A stud...Kanok Chowdhury
This study is on the measurement of the cost and return of HYV boro rice farmers in comilla district. This study contributes to a better understanding of the factors that influence financial and economic profitability of HYV boro rice. In addition, this study highlights how cost of labor and commodities used in agriculture affect profitability and production of HYV boro rice crop in comilla district.
Merauke as a food barn has been carried out since the days of the Dutch
administration, namely by making Merauke an Asia Pacific food warehouse. To
realize this target, the Dutch government conducted a program to move the
population known as colonization, namely by bringing residents from Java to be
moved to Merauke. After the independence period the Indonesian colonization
program was still held by the name of transmigration. These transmigrant farmers
then live side by side with local residents and transmit the ability to cultivate rice to
local residents in Merauke Regency who previously lived from gathering, shifting
fields, sago farming, fishing, hunting and farming with the method of lagging, finally
getting interested in learning to grow crops rice. The purpose of this study is to
analyze (1) the factors that influence rice farming production on transmigrant
This research work examines the impact of technology adoption on agricultural productivity. It considers the south-west region of Bangladesh as the study area. Since most of the farmers in the study area are engaged in rice production, this study surveys randomly selected 60 rice farmers in the IRRI season of year 2015 through using a questionnaire. This study finds sufficient variation in frequency and degree of technology adoption in agricultural practices among the surveyed farmers. The analysis results indicate that farmers are adopting high level of technology in seed variety and irrigation phases, medium level of technology in land preparation, pest management and fertilizer application phases and low level of technology in weeding and harvesting phases. There is a statistically significant difference in productivity between high and low degree technology adopters. Education and land holdings are the statistically significant variables in determining technology adoption level. According to the study findings, a one percent increase in technology adoption leads to increase in productivity by 0.22 percent, holding other factors constant, and this influence is statistically significant at one percent level. Therefore, this study concludes that there is a scope for further increase in productivity through planned manipulation of technology adoption level in different phases of agricultural production.
Estimating productivity gap and contribution of wheat productionsanaullah noonari
Shaheed Benazirabad farmers were divided into groups named high yield group, medium yield group and low
yield group. The farmers applied an average of 45.27 kg, 45.82 kg and45.18 kg seed per acre respectively.
Though, there is not a very large difference in average seed used by both farmer groups but the later used less
quantity of wheat seed per acre to some extent. The impact of different factors on these groups was measured
through multiple liner regression models. It was found that there exists a yield gap of 17.84 mounds per acre
between high yield group and research station. The yield gap between medium and high group was 8.02 Mds per
acre while the yield gap between medium group and low yield group was 5.93 Mds per acre. The standard error
of estimates F-statics and R-square for high yield group was 0.0623, 2.470 and 0.398 respectively, for medium
yield group 0.0314, 3.231 and 0.486 respectively and for low yield group 0.056, 1.342 and 0.345 respectively.
The other objective of the study was to calculate the growth rate of wheat in District Shaheed Benazirabad
Sindh. The exponential function was used to calculate the growth rate. It was found during study that the growth
rate of wheat in Pakistan was 2.59%, 2.94% growth of wheat in Sindh and in District Shaheed Benazirabad was -
1.17%, 9.75% respectively.
Keywords: Wheat, Productivity, yield gap, F-statics, R-square, Benazirabad, Pakistan.
“Economic Analysis of Onion Production in Sujanagar and Santhia Areas of Pabn...inventionjournals
The study investigated the productivity, profitability and resource use efficiency of onion production in Sujanagar and Santhia areas of Pabna district, Bangladesh. The multi-stage sampling technique was employed for collecting primary data from a sample of 100 onion farmers elected randomly from four villages in the study area. Findings indicated that the socio-economic characteristics played important role in producing onion where most of the farmers were male, middle aged (41-60), more or less experienced and illiterate and Cobb-Douglas production function was applied for estimating the onion production function which implied the elasticity of output with respect to seed, cultivation, fertilizer, insecticide labor and irrigation that were positive values of 0.136, 0.244, 0.211, 0.130, 0.159 and 0.200 respectively and also significant. The yields, costs of production and net benefit of onion production were 1535.6 kg, Tk. 26329.63 and Tk. 26883.48 per bigha respectively which proved that the onion production was profitable over the study area. But the onion producers faced some major problems such as the lack of appropriate storage facility and technical knowledge, lack of efficient human labor and its higher price, unavailability of high yielding seed and higher input cost in the study area.
Vegetable Cultivation An Alternative Horticultural Farming in Kurnool Distric...ijtsrd
In India nearly about 10.1 million hectares of area is under vegetable farming. The country is the largest producer of ginger and okra amongst vegetables and ranks second in the production of Potatoes, Onions, Cauliflower, Brinjal, Cabbage etc. India's diverse climate ensures availability of a variety of vegetables. As per National Horticulture Board, during 2015 16, India produced 169.1 million metric tonnes of vegetables. The vast production base offers India, tremendous opportunities for the export. During 2017 18 India exported fruits and vegetables worth Rs. 9410.81 crores in which vegetables comprised of Rs 5181.78 crores. Keeping the importance of vegetable farming in view, an endeavour is made here to study the spatial patterns of vegetable crop cultivation in Kurnool District, Andhra Pradesh. Kanthi Kiran, K | Krishna Kumari, A ""Vegetable Cultivation: An Alternative Horticultural Farming in Kurnool District, Andhra Pradesh"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23980.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/agricultural-engineering/23980/vegetable-cultivation-an-alternative-horticultural-farming-in-kurnool-district-andhra-pradesh/kanthi-kiran-k
Knowledge, adoption and constraint analysis of chilli technology in Char area...Premier Publishers
In the present study, Knowledge Index (KI) and Adoption Index (AI) were developed to measure the knowledge level and Adoption level of Chilli Technology of farmers in Char Area of Bangladesh. A preliminary test of thirty knowledge items related to chilli cultivation technology was administered to 38 chilli farmers who were involved in chilli production in island char areas. Data were collected during February to March 2008 through interview schedule. The Knowledge Index (KI) ranged from 71 to 99 and Adoption Index (AI) ranged from 68 to 98. A correlation coefficient of KI and AI was 0.97 which indicated that a high relation exists between Knowledge Index (KI) and Adoption Index (AI). The major constraints are ignorance about improved seeds and cultivation practices, chemicals with doses and method of application, scientific method of storage, etc. The major economic and physical constraints are the high cost of the seed of improved cultivars, non-availability of funds, etc. It was recommended that the farmers be guided through extension visits to teach them adoption of new technologies related to Chilli production. The study will help researcher, agricultural extension worker, policy maker and NGOs to address and analyse the issues related to knowledge, adoption and constraints of not only chilli production but also other field and horticultural crops production.
Information needs of young farmers regarding new agricultural technologyinventionjournals
: The study was conducted in two blocks of Kandhamal district of Odisha to investigate the sociopersonal characteristics of the young farmers and to know the information needs of the young farmers related to agriculture. The study revealed that majority of the young farmers needed information regarding different aspects of cultivation of paddy, turmeric, potato, mustard and vegetables. Majority of the young farmers needed information regarding selection of recommended varieties of different crops, interpretation of soil & water testing reports, water logging problems & drainage techniques, soil and water testing and management, use of different weedicides for the control of specific weeds and time & method of application of weedicides, causes of spread of insect pests & diseases, time and methods of the control of insect, pests & diseases in plant protection aspect.
Production and Productivity Increase of Milch Animals through the Supply of G...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— In India, fodder production is less than the demand and hence deficit is noticed in different states with varying per cent of deficit observed in many states. To alleviate the deficiency of green and dry fodder and to maximize the fodder production for increased a productivity of livestock was studied among 310 respondents of 23 non-delta districts of Tamil Nadu. The results showed that, gain among different types of faming, increased quantum of feeding and increased body weight gain and daily average milk yield among the indigenous as well as cross breed animals.
Agricultural Restructuring in Vietnamese Mekong Delta: Economic Analysis of R...IJEABJ
The study examined the economic analysis of sesame production compliant withagricultural restructuring plan in rural areas of Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Conditional non-probability sampling technique was employed to select 90 respondents who have produced sesame rotationally on rice field in summer-autumn crop season. Primary data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics including percentage, frequency and farm budget model. Gross Margin analysis was used to estimate cost, returns sesame production in the study area. The study revealed that the average cost, revenue, gross margins of production per hectare was 17.60, 37.38 and 20.56 million VND, respectively.Moreover,the average rate of returnsalsoindicated that with every 1,000 VND invested to sesame production, a farmer made a profit of 1,390 VND. As a result, it can be concluded that sesame farming is profitable in the context of agricultural restructuring strategy from rice to other crops in Mekong Delta region. It is recommended that smallholders should take initiative in participation in sesame cooperatives and ‘big field’ model to be more beneficial to inputs price, harvested machine and formal credit in the beginning of each season.
A survey experiment was conducted during the 2018 cropping season to assess the utilization of herbicides by farmers in Kogi state. The study was carried out through the use of structured questionnaires administered to nine hundred (900) farmers across five (5) Local Government Areas (LGAs), (three villages per LGA and 20 farmers in each village were sampled) in each of the three senatorial districts of the state.Results showed that farmers across the three senatorial districts were mostly males (79%), married (78.7%) illiterates (55.31%) and aged (41-60 years). Very few farmers had post secondary education with Kogi west taking the lead (6.7%). A large proportion of farmers (94.6%) applied herbicides on their farms by using mostly (72.8%) CP15 sprayers which were most often borrowed. Results also indicated that in the three senatorial districts, majority of famers (91%) did not put on protective attire during spraying operation and mostly (82.4%) used milk tin in dispensing herbicides into the spray tank. The survey revealed that inspite of high acceptability of herbicides as a means of weed control, most farmers did not observe safety measures and purchased chemicals from the open market. Therefore, there is the need for advocacy by the State Ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Development Project (ADP) in order to reverse the trend for optimum herbicide utilization in the state.
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important widely grown food crops worldwide. In Zambia, it is an important cereal crop, second after maize. However, its production amongst the small-scale farmers has declined over the years. To determine the causes of this decline, a participatory rural appraisal was conducted in Mpika district in Zambia as a case study to assess farmers’ perceived constraints and preferences of rain-fed wheat varieties. Focus group discussions, semi-structured questionnaires, scoring and ranking were used. The results showed that wheat is produced both for food and income generation. The average wheat fields were 0.48 ha, with yields averaging 1.5 t ha -1. The major production constraints are lack of improved seed, bird damage, termites, lack of markets and diseases with spot blotch being the most important. Farmers preferred a white coloured grain cultivar, high yielding, resistant to diseases, termite attack and bird damage.
Spatial Analysis of Cropping Pattern in Malwa Region of the Indian Punjabijtsrd
The present paper spatially analysis the cropping pattern in Malwa region of the India Punjab by using secondary sources of data i.e. from 2000 2001 to 2010 2011. Districts has been selected as a spatial unit of the present study. The study yields some interesting findings is that the cropping pattern of the study area had drastically changed. It has been observed that the traditional crops of the region have shifted to modern paddy crops specially to rice and wheat during the one decade. Choropleth maps clearly depicting the shifting nature of these crops i.e. wheat, rice, cotton and oil seeds in this paper. The spatial variability of these crops was affected by many local factors like climatic conditions, relatively high preference to particular crop, irrigation facilities, types of relief, etc. But the emergence of rice in Malwa region during this period was one of the key factors in this regard which will have several socio economic and environment consequences. Harpreet Singh | Simranjit Kaur "Spatial Analysis of Cropping Pattern in Malwa Region of the Indian Punjab" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46411.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/geography/46411/spatial-analysis-of-cropping-pattern-in-malwa-region-of-the-indian-punjab/harpreet-singh
The extent of adoption of the market intelligence among the summer cabbage gr...inventionjournals
The cultivation of vegetables, which is done mainly for marketing purpose, is known as commercial vegetable cultivation. Having achieved self-sufficiency in production led agriculture, India have to focus on market oriented Agriculture, which generate additional value to the farm produce, income and employment for farmers. Market oriented agriculture means adding value may be in terms of on-farm and offfarm income and employment generation by the production of agriculture and product. Commodity marketing research is an essential item in the marketing continuum. Price forecasts, preferences for consumers and industries, cost of storage, transport, etc. collectively known as market intelligence and to be disseminated at the time of sowing and harvesting. Market intelligence is life blood of the market, therefore, it has great importance in market oriented cultivation. The present study was confined to “Ex-Post facto” research design. Present study was conducted to measure the extent of adoption of market intelligence regarding market oriented cultivation of summer cabbage teacher made tests were developed. Six practices in market intelligence namely, grading, packaging, transportation, demand, sources to know selling price and marketing channel were selected for adoption. Study revealed that majority (79.27 per cent) of the respondents had medium to high level of overall adoption of market intelligence. More than half of the respondents had adopted grading, transportation and marketing channel practices, while demand, source to know selling price and packaging practices were less adopted by the respondents. The independent variables viz., education, education of family, land holding, annual income and level of knowledge of the summer cabbage growers were established positively and highly significant association with their extent of adoption of market intelligence. Age of the summer cabbage growers was associated negative and highly significant with their extent of adoption of market intelligence. The size of family of the summer cabbage growers was failed to establish any significant association with extent of adoption of market intelligence regarding market oriented cultivation of summer cabbage
Determine Consumer Preference for Rice Types in Hambantota District, Sri LankaRSIS International
Rice is a major food in Sri Lankans diet. Different types of rice are available for human consumption and rice types are related with rice consumption in Sri Lanka. Rice type can be described based on mainly quality characteristics, physical characteristics and chemical characteristics of rice. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine consumer preference for rice type in Hambantota district, Sri Lanka. Main three physical attributes and two rice types were used for this study. Physical attributes of rice such as rice color, rice grain size, and degree of milling were considered for the study. Main rice types considered were raw rice and parboiled rice. A questionnaire survey of consumer preference for rice was carried out by using a purposively sample of 100 consumers in Hambantota administrative complex considering the easy access to respondents with different occupation categories. Data analysis was done by using preference ranking methods. Moreover, Chi- squire test was used for identify the significant of characters. The study revealed that consumers’ most preferred rice color was red color rice. Based on rice grain size long slender (Basmati) was the most preferred. The majority (75%) of consumers preferred partially-milled rice. Raw rice had higher preference. Therefore, according to the present study, the most preferred rice types were long slender (Basmati) rice and partially-milled red color raw rice in Hambantota District, Sri Lanka.
Disease surveys were conducted in rice grown districts of Libokemkem, Dera and Fogera in south Gondar zone in 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons. The study was designed to identify and record rice disease flora, their distribution in the districts, prioritize according to the importance and document for future use. Forty-six and 48 rice fields were assessed from nine Peasant Association (PA) in 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons, respectively. Rice diseases; Leaf blast, Panicle Blast, Brown spot, Sheath rot, Sheath brown rot, Sheath Blight, Bacterial blight, Rice Yellow Motile Virus, Kernel smut, Downy mildew were identified in 2016 cropping season and nine rice diseases: Leaf blast, Panicle Blast, Neck Blast, Node blast, Brown spot, Sheath rot, Sheath brown rot, Rice Yellow Motile Virus, Kernel smut were identified in 2017. The overall mean prevalence of sheath rot and sheath brown rot diseases were above 60%, while the others had prevalence below 21%. The incidences and severities of these two diseases were higher than the other diseases implying that both diseases were important. In the present studies many rice diseases were recorded in lowland ecosystem as compared to upland ecosystem. From the assessment X-jigna cultivar was more susceptible to rice disease and followed by Gumera. The results indicate that a sheath rot, and sheath brown rot, were important across the districts and years. Loss assessment studies should be initiated in order to know the yield damage caused by the diseases.
Use of climate change resilient technologies in vegetable cultivation by the ...Premier Publishers
The main purpose of the research work was to determine the use of climate change resilient technologies in vegetable cultivation by the farmers of Bangladesh. Data were collected from randomly selected 112 farmers’ of Haibatpur Union by using an interview schedule. Data were collected during 25th June to 25th July, 2013. Appropriate scales were developed in order to measure the variables. Correlation test was used to ascertain the relationships between the concerned dependent and independent variables of the research work. The dependent variable was use of climate change resilient technology and the independent variables were age, education, farm size, annual income, credit availability, farming experience, source of farmland, training exposure, innovativeness, risk orientation and frequency of natural disaster. The highest proportion (81.3 percent) of the farmers had medium use while 9.8 percent had low use and only 8.9 percent had high use of climate change resilient technologies. Accordingly, the uses of climate change resilient technologies are positively significant to reduce the vulnerability of climate change. Education, farm size, annual income, source of farmland, innovativeness and training exposure and frequency of natural disaster had positive relationship to adopt such technologies, while age and farming experience had negative relationship with their adoption of climate change resilient technologies.
“Economic Analysis of Onion Production in Sujanagar and Santhia Areas of Pabn...inventionjournals
The study investigated the productivity, profitability and resource use efficiency of onion production in Sujanagar and Santhia areas of Pabna district, Bangladesh. The multi-stage sampling technique was employed for collecting primary data from a sample of 100 onion farmers elected randomly from four villages in the study area. Findings indicated that the socio-economic characteristics played important role in producing onion where most of the farmers were male, middle aged (41-60), more or less experienced and illiterate and Cobb-Douglas production function was applied for estimating the onion production function which implied the elasticity of output with respect to seed, cultivation, fertilizer, insecticide labor and irrigation that were positive values of 0.136, 0.244, 0.211, 0.130, 0.159 and 0.200 respectively and also significant. The yields, costs of production and net benefit of onion production were 1535.6 kg, Tk. 26329.63 and Tk. 26883.48 per bigha respectively which proved that the onion production was profitable over the study area. But the onion producers faced some major problems such as the lack of appropriate storage facility and technical knowledge, lack of efficient human labor and its higher price, unavailability of high yielding seed and higher input cost in the study area.
Vegetable Cultivation An Alternative Horticultural Farming in Kurnool Distric...ijtsrd
In India nearly about 10.1 million hectares of area is under vegetable farming. The country is the largest producer of ginger and okra amongst vegetables and ranks second in the production of Potatoes, Onions, Cauliflower, Brinjal, Cabbage etc. India's diverse climate ensures availability of a variety of vegetables. As per National Horticulture Board, during 2015 16, India produced 169.1 million metric tonnes of vegetables. The vast production base offers India, tremendous opportunities for the export. During 2017 18 India exported fruits and vegetables worth Rs. 9410.81 crores in which vegetables comprised of Rs 5181.78 crores. Keeping the importance of vegetable farming in view, an endeavour is made here to study the spatial patterns of vegetable crop cultivation in Kurnool District, Andhra Pradesh. Kanthi Kiran, K | Krishna Kumari, A ""Vegetable Cultivation: An Alternative Horticultural Farming in Kurnool District, Andhra Pradesh"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23980.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/agricultural-engineering/23980/vegetable-cultivation-an-alternative-horticultural-farming-in-kurnool-district-andhra-pradesh/kanthi-kiran-k
Knowledge, adoption and constraint analysis of chilli technology in Char area...Premier Publishers
In the present study, Knowledge Index (KI) and Adoption Index (AI) were developed to measure the knowledge level and Adoption level of Chilli Technology of farmers in Char Area of Bangladesh. A preliminary test of thirty knowledge items related to chilli cultivation technology was administered to 38 chilli farmers who were involved in chilli production in island char areas. Data were collected during February to March 2008 through interview schedule. The Knowledge Index (KI) ranged from 71 to 99 and Adoption Index (AI) ranged from 68 to 98. A correlation coefficient of KI and AI was 0.97 which indicated that a high relation exists between Knowledge Index (KI) and Adoption Index (AI). The major constraints are ignorance about improved seeds and cultivation practices, chemicals with doses and method of application, scientific method of storage, etc. The major economic and physical constraints are the high cost of the seed of improved cultivars, non-availability of funds, etc. It was recommended that the farmers be guided through extension visits to teach them adoption of new technologies related to Chilli production. The study will help researcher, agricultural extension worker, policy maker and NGOs to address and analyse the issues related to knowledge, adoption and constraints of not only chilli production but also other field and horticultural crops production.
Information needs of young farmers regarding new agricultural technologyinventionjournals
: The study was conducted in two blocks of Kandhamal district of Odisha to investigate the sociopersonal characteristics of the young farmers and to know the information needs of the young farmers related to agriculture. The study revealed that majority of the young farmers needed information regarding different aspects of cultivation of paddy, turmeric, potato, mustard and vegetables. Majority of the young farmers needed information regarding selection of recommended varieties of different crops, interpretation of soil & water testing reports, water logging problems & drainage techniques, soil and water testing and management, use of different weedicides for the control of specific weeds and time & method of application of weedicides, causes of spread of insect pests & diseases, time and methods of the control of insect, pests & diseases in plant protection aspect.
Production and Productivity Increase of Milch Animals through the Supply of G...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— In India, fodder production is less than the demand and hence deficit is noticed in different states with varying per cent of deficit observed in many states. To alleviate the deficiency of green and dry fodder and to maximize the fodder production for increased a productivity of livestock was studied among 310 respondents of 23 non-delta districts of Tamil Nadu. The results showed that, gain among different types of faming, increased quantum of feeding and increased body weight gain and daily average milk yield among the indigenous as well as cross breed animals.
Agricultural Restructuring in Vietnamese Mekong Delta: Economic Analysis of R...IJEABJ
The study examined the economic analysis of sesame production compliant withagricultural restructuring plan in rural areas of Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Conditional non-probability sampling technique was employed to select 90 respondents who have produced sesame rotationally on rice field in summer-autumn crop season. Primary data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics including percentage, frequency and farm budget model. Gross Margin analysis was used to estimate cost, returns sesame production in the study area. The study revealed that the average cost, revenue, gross margins of production per hectare was 17.60, 37.38 and 20.56 million VND, respectively.Moreover,the average rate of returnsalsoindicated that with every 1,000 VND invested to sesame production, a farmer made a profit of 1,390 VND. As a result, it can be concluded that sesame farming is profitable in the context of agricultural restructuring strategy from rice to other crops in Mekong Delta region. It is recommended that smallholders should take initiative in participation in sesame cooperatives and ‘big field’ model to be more beneficial to inputs price, harvested machine and formal credit in the beginning of each season.
A survey experiment was conducted during the 2018 cropping season to assess the utilization of herbicides by farmers in Kogi state. The study was carried out through the use of structured questionnaires administered to nine hundred (900) farmers across five (5) Local Government Areas (LGAs), (three villages per LGA and 20 farmers in each village were sampled) in each of the three senatorial districts of the state.Results showed that farmers across the three senatorial districts were mostly males (79%), married (78.7%) illiterates (55.31%) and aged (41-60 years). Very few farmers had post secondary education with Kogi west taking the lead (6.7%). A large proportion of farmers (94.6%) applied herbicides on their farms by using mostly (72.8%) CP15 sprayers which were most often borrowed. Results also indicated that in the three senatorial districts, majority of famers (91%) did not put on protective attire during spraying operation and mostly (82.4%) used milk tin in dispensing herbicides into the spray tank. The survey revealed that inspite of high acceptability of herbicides as a means of weed control, most farmers did not observe safety measures and purchased chemicals from the open market. Therefore, there is the need for advocacy by the State Ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Development Project (ADP) in order to reverse the trend for optimum herbicide utilization in the state.
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important widely grown food crops worldwide. In Zambia, it is an important cereal crop, second after maize. However, its production amongst the small-scale farmers has declined over the years. To determine the causes of this decline, a participatory rural appraisal was conducted in Mpika district in Zambia as a case study to assess farmers’ perceived constraints and preferences of rain-fed wheat varieties. Focus group discussions, semi-structured questionnaires, scoring and ranking were used. The results showed that wheat is produced both for food and income generation. The average wheat fields were 0.48 ha, with yields averaging 1.5 t ha -1. The major production constraints are lack of improved seed, bird damage, termites, lack of markets and diseases with spot blotch being the most important. Farmers preferred a white coloured grain cultivar, high yielding, resistant to diseases, termite attack and bird damage.
Spatial Analysis of Cropping Pattern in Malwa Region of the Indian Punjabijtsrd
The present paper spatially analysis the cropping pattern in Malwa region of the India Punjab by using secondary sources of data i.e. from 2000 2001 to 2010 2011. Districts has been selected as a spatial unit of the present study. The study yields some interesting findings is that the cropping pattern of the study area had drastically changed. It has been observed that the traditional crops of the region have shifted to modern paddy crops specially to rice and wheat during the one decade. Choropleth maps clearly depicting the shifting nature of these crops i.e. wheat, rice, cotton and oil seeds in this paper. The spatial variability of these crops was affected by many local factors like climatic conditions, relatively high preference to particular crop, irrigation facilities, types of relief, etc. But the emergence of rice in Malwa region during this period was one of the key factors in this regard which will have several socio economic and environment consequences. Harpreet Singh | Simranjit Kaur "Spatial Analysis of Cropping Pattern in Malwa Region of the Indian Punjab" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46411.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/geography/46411/spatial-analysis-of-cropping-pattern-in-malwa-region-of-the-indian-punjab/harpreet-singh
The extent of adoption of the market intelligence among the summer cabbage gr...inventionjournals
The cultivation of vegetables, which is done mainly for marketing purpose, is known as commercial vegetable cultivation. Having achieved self-sufficiency in production led agriculture, India have to focus on market oriented Agriculture, which generate additional value to the farm produce, income and employment for farmers. Market oriented agriculture means adding value may be in terms of on-farm and offfarm income and employment generation by the production of agriculture and product. Commodity marketing research is an essential item in the marketing continuum. Price forecasts, preferences for consumers and industries, cost of storage, transport, etc. collectively known as market intelligence and to be disseminated at the time of sowing and harvesting. Market intelligence is life blood of the market, therefore, it has great importance in market oriented cultivation. The present study was confined to “Ex-Post facto” research design. Present study was conducted to measure the extent of adoption of market intelligence regarding market oriented cultivation of summer cabbage teacher made tests were developed. Six practices in market intelligence namely, grading, packaging, transportation, demand, sources to know selling price and marketing channel were selected for adoption. Study revealed that majority (79.27 per cent) of the respondents had medium to high level of overall adoption of market intelligence. More than half of the respondents had adopted grading, transportation and marketing channel practices, while demand, source to know selling price and packaging practices were less adopted by the respondents. The independent variables viz., education, education of family, land holding, annual income and level of knowledge of the summer cabbage growers were established positively and highly significant association with their extent of adoption of market intelligence. Age of the summer cabbage growers was associated negative and highly significant with their extent of adoption of market intelligence. The size of family of the summer cabbage growers was failed to establish any significant association with extent of adoption of market intelligence regarding market oriented cultivation of summer cabbage
Determine Consumer Preference for Rice Types in Hambantota District, Sri LankaRSIS International
Rice is a major food in Sri Lankans diet. Different types of rice are available for human consumption and rice types are related with rice consumption in Sri Lanka. Rice type can be described based on mainly quality characteristics, physical characteristics and chemical characteristics of rice. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine consumer preference for rice type in Hambantota district, Sri Lanka. Main three physical attributes and two rice types were used for this study. Physical attributes of rice such as rice color, rice grain size, and degree of milling were considered for the study. Main rice types considered were raw rice and parboiled rice. A questionnaire survey of consumer preference for rice was carried out by using a purposively sample of 100 consumers in Hambantota administrative complex considering the easy access to respondents with different occupation categories. Data analysis was done by using preference ranking methods. Moreover, Chi- squire test was used for identify the significant of characters. The study revealed that consumers’ most preferred rice color was red color rice. Based on rice grain size long slender (Basmati) was the most preferred. The majority (75%) of consumers preferred partially-milled rice. Raw rice had higher preference. Therefore, according to the present study, the most preferred rice types were long slender (Basmati) rice and partially-milled red color raw rice in Hambantota District, Sri Lanka.
Disease surveys were conducted in rice grown districts of Libokemkem, Dera and Fogera in south Gondar zone in 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons. The study was designed to identify and record rice disease flora, their distribution in the districts, prioritize according to the importance and document for future use. Forty-six and 48 rice fields were assessed from nine Peasant Association (PA) in 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons, respectively. Rice diseases; Leaf blast, Panicle Blast, Brown spot, Sheath rot, Sheath brown rot, Sheath Blight, Bacterial blight, Rice Yellow Motile Virus, Kernel smut, Downy mildew were identified in 2016 cropping season and nine rice diseases: Leaf blast, Panicle Blast, Neck Blast, Node blast, Brown spot, Sheath rot, Sheath brown rot, Rice Yellow Motile Virus, Kernel smut were identified in 2017. The overall mean prevalence of sheath rot and sheath brown rot diseases were above 60%, while the others had prevalence below 21%. The incidences and severities of these two diseases were higher than the other diseases implying that both diseases were important. In the present studies many rice diseases were recorded in lowland ecosystem as compared to upland ecosystem. From the assessment X-jigna cultivar was more susceptible to rice disease and followed by Gumera. The results indicate that a sheath rot, and sheath brown rot, were important across the districts and years. Loss assessment studies should be initiated in order to know the yield damage caused by the diseases.
Use of climate change resilient technologies in vegetable cultivation by the ...Premier Publishers
The main purpose of the research work was to determine the use of climate change resilient technologies in vegetable cultivation by the farmers of Bangladesh. Data were collected from randomly selected 112 farmers’ of Haibatpur Union by using an interview schedule. Data were collected during 25th June to 25th July, 2013. Appropriate scales were developed in order to measure the variables. Correlation test was used to ascertain the relationships between the concerned dependent and independent variables of the research work. The dependent variable was use of climate change resilient technology and the independent variables were age, education, farm size, annual income, credit availability, farming experience, source of farmland, training exposure, innovativeness, risk orientation and frequency of natural disaster. The highest proportion (81.3 percent) of the farmers had medium use while 9.8 percent had low use and only 8.9 percent had high use of climate change resilient technologies. Accordingly, the uses of climate change resilient technologies are positively significant to reduce the vulnerability of climate change. Education, farm size, annual income, source of farmland, innovativeness and training exposure and frequency of natural disaster had positive relationship to adopt such technologies, while age and farming experience had negative relationship with their adoption of climate change resilient technologies.
Business research project on
Farmers'Awerness & Attitude towards Sustainable Agriculture Practices
What do farmers think about sustainable agriculture, how much knowledge do they have & what practices do they perform in this field, prepare questioner & then perform Ground research & then prepare a report
Role of Knowledge among Yemeni Agricultural Specialists in Applying the Proce...ijtsrd
This study seeks to explore the role of knowledge among Yemeni agricultural specialists in applying the procedures to be followed to benefit from agricultural residues. Through the primary data collected for a sample of 120 respondents from agricultural specialists. The study concluded that there is an effect of knowledge in the application of procedures, but the effect of knowledge increases greater there is the possibility of transferring knowledge to the competent authorities and farmers to implement these procedures on the ground. Moreover, the more there is an equal ratio of male and female agricultural specialists, the greater the impact will be, because the process of transferring knowledge will include male and female farmers, thus facilitating the better application of procedures, and the role of knowledge in implementing procedures is greater. The study recommends that females should be encouraged to enroll in agricultural education, as well as employment in government institutions that work in the agricultural sector, to contribute to the transfer of knowledge, experiences and everything new about agriculture, including recycling agricultural waste to female farmers. Ismail Mohammed Al-Obre | Khalid Nasser Al-Haj | Mohammed Mostafa Alshapi "Role of Knowledge among Yemeni Agricultural Specialists in Applying the Procedures to be followed to Benefit from Agricultural Waste" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd57482.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/economics/development-economics/57482/role-of-knowledge-among-yemeni-agricultural-specialists-in-applying-the-procedures-to-be-followed-to-benefit-from-agricultural-waste/ismail-mohammed-alobre
This study aims to analyze the stage of technology adoption and farmers’ behavior toward technology adoption on cropping systems of Jajar Legowo (JLS) and Direct Seeding System (DSS) on rice farming in the village of Duria Asi, Wonggeduku district of Konawe Regency, Indonesia. This research was conducted on March to May 2017. The research approach used is qualitative research. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, documentation, and archival footage. Data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the application of of jajar legowo planting system has not been widely applied (23%). Farmers’ behavior is determined by internal and external factors in determining the technology’s adoption ability of Jajar Legowo System and Direct Seeding System. Therefore, cooperation from extension agencies and researchers is needed to increase the ability of farmers’ group in rice field farming so that local institution can perform its function better in order to achieve the production target.
Production and Supply Chain Management of Organic and Inorganic Vegetables in...ijtsrd
A growing interest in environmentally friendly goods and services has been expressed together with concerns for the risks, and broader environmental problems, associated with intensive agriculture. Today, organic production is a combination of new technology and traditional methods. Numerous consumers confronted with increasing environmental problems, food safety issues, and augmentative health problems increasingly desire to have healthier and more natural foods grown in an eco friendly manner. The present study was conducted in Bengaluru urban and rural districts of Karnataka because Bengaluru is one of the major vegetable producing districts of south Karnataka. In recent years large numbers of farmers started practicing the organic cultivation of vegetables in the district. The study aims to investigate factors influencing towards adoption of organic farming, costs of cultivation involved in practicing organic and inorganic farming of selected vegetables viz., tomato, brinjal, cauliflower and cucumber, Consumers willingness to pay WTP for organic vegetables and relevant factors affecting consumers WTP, different supply chains involved in organic and inorganic vegetables marketing and analysis of marketing efficiency, price spread, producer’s share in consumer’s rupee in each supply chain and constraints involved in production and marketing of organic and inorganic vegetables. For the study, 45 farmers each practicing organic and inorganic cultivation of cucumber spread over the district of Bengaluru rural were selected randomly. The data collected from respondents was analysed using budgeting technique and Cobb Douglas Production Function analysis according to the objectives. The results indicated that costs of cultivation of organic vegetables is more compared to inorganic because of increasing costs of organic inputs in all selected vegetables. Resource use efficiency is higher in the case of organic vegetables than that of inorganic. Farmers are realizing high price premium for the organic vegetables and higher net returns. A positive response and willingness to pay for organic vegetables as increasing health conscious of consumers was observed in metropolitan city like Bengaluru. Hence, it is advisable for the farmers to switch over to organic farming which minimizes the environmental degradation and brings higher net returns. Kavya C. | Arjuman Banu | Ruqsar Khanum | Dattatreya Bhatt "Production and Supply Chain Management of Organic and Inorganic Vegetables in Bengaluru Urban and Rural District of Karnataka- An Economic Analysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-5 , October 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59835.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/59835/production-and-supply-chain-management-of-organic-and-inorganic-vegetables-in-bengaluru-urban-and-rural-district-of-karnataka-an-economic-analysis/kavya-c
A Survey Study on Farmers’ Attitude Regarding Strawberry CultivationPremier Publishers
The major objective of this study was to explore the attitude and determine the contribution of the selected characteristics of the farmers on their attitude regarding strawberry cultivation. The selected characteristics were age, level of education, farm size, strawberry cultivation area, annual family income, income from strawberry cultivation, training exposure, extension contact, strawberry cultivation experience, problem faced in strawberry cultivation, knowledge and practice on strawberry cultivation. Data were collected from 113 farmers from two villages (Shahapur and Mirkamari) of Charghat Upazila under Rajshahi District by using a pretested interview schedule. Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, range and percentage were used to describe the variables under consideration. Stepwise multiple regressions were used to examine the contribution of the selected characteristics of the farmers on their attitude regarding strawberry cultivation using SPSS software. Overwhelming 97.3% of the respondents had a low to high favorable attitude towards strawberry cultivation. Where, 51.3% farmers had a medium favorable attitude, 40.7% had a low favorable attitude and 5.3% farmers had a high favorable attitude. Stepwise multiple regressions exposed that knowledge on strawberry cultivation, Problem faced in strawberry cultivation, Strawberry cultivation experience, age, level of education and income from strawberry cultivation of the strawberry farmers had significant contribution on their attitude towards strawberry cultivation and which contribute 63.4% of the total variation. The percentages of favorable attitudes among the farmers are satisfactory but the study recommended that proper support of extension agents should be given in each step of strawberry cultivation, postharvest management and marketing period to keep up the positive attitude of the farmers.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
1. To Cite: Khan, M. R., Parvez, M. F., Haque, M. S., Tassaine, F. M., Ali, M. M. & Khatun, T. (2022). Adoption of different
farming technologies by the vegetable farmers of Chapainawabganj, Bangladesh. EBAUB J., 4, 90-95
EBAUB Journal Volume 4 January 2022
EBAUB Journal
ISSN: 2617 – 8338 (Online)
: 2617 – 832X (Print)
Adoption of Different Farming Technologies by the
Vegetable Farmers of Chapainawabganj, Bangladesh
Mujibur Rahman Khan1
*, Md. Ferdous Parvez2
, Md. Samiul Haque3
, Farhan Masud Tassine3
, Md. Milon
Ali3
, Tunjara Khatun3
1
Department of Horticulture, EXIM Bank Agricultural University Bangladesh, Chapainawabganj-6300, Bangladesh
2
Department of Agricultural Engineering, EXIM Bank Agricultural University Bangladesh, Chapainawabganj-6300,
Bangladesh
3
Faculty of Agriculture, EXIM Bank Agricultural University Bangladesh, Chapainawabganj-6300, Bangladesh
ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
Received date: April 04, 2021
Accepted date: Nov. 26, 2021
This research work is focused on analyzing the socio-economic characteristics of the
farmers in relation to adoption of farming technologies by vegetable farmers of
Chapainawabganj. Appropriate scales were developed to measure the dependent and
independent variables. Data were collected randomly from selected 63 farmers from
different unions of Chapainawabganj sadar upazila by utilizing a prepared
questionnaire. Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, range and
percentage were used to describe the variables. Attempt was also made to explore the
relationship between selected characteristics and their adoption of farming technologies
in vegetable cultivation. This study expressed that, majority of the respondents (63.5%)
in the study area were young to middle aged. In case of education, 76.2% of the
respondents have primary to higher level of education. Among the respondents, 77.8%
had small farm size, 77.8% of the respondent had low annual income and 79.4% of
farmers had no training experiences, so the farm size, annual income and training
exposure of the respondents were low. The findings indicate that 60.3% of the
respondents were experienced vegetable farmers and 76.2% showed innovativeness in
vegetable farming. Among the farmers, 90.5% occasionally and 7.9% rarely adopted
vegetable farming technologies. Rest 1.6% rarely adopted vegetable farming
technologies which includes using of inorganic fertilizers with organic fertilizers, using
tractor and different types of sprayers and smart phones occasionally. Regression
analysis revealed that education and farm size of the respondents positively contributed
to adoption of vegetable farming technologies significantly at 95% level of confidence.
According to the findings, most of the respondents exhibited medium innovativeness,
which influenced technology adoption positively; this indicates that, the greater the
farmers' innovativeness with various technologies, the greater the use and adoption of
vegetable farming technologies. Therefore, the current study could contribute to
improve better policies aimed at expediting the adoption of various farming
technologies by vegetable farmers.
Keywords: Adoption, Farming technologies, Innovativeness, Socio-economic characteristics, Vegetable cultivation
*CORRESPONDENCE
mujiburkhan.bd@gmail.com
Department of Horticulture, EXIM Bank Agricultural University Bangladesh, Chapainawabganj-6300, Bangladesh
2. Khan et al. (2022) EBAUB J., 4, 90-95. 91
Journal home page: http://www.ebaub.edu.bd/journal/ej/journal.html
1. INTRODUCTION
Bangladesh is an agricultural country whose 40.6%
inhabitants directly or indirectly are involved in agricultural
activities for their livelihood (BBS, 2019). Agriculture is one
of the key production sectors of the economy which
comprises around 13.02% of GDP (BBS, 2019). Agriculture
has been playing as a pioneer in the growth and stability of
the national economy of Bangladesh (Sharmin et al., 2018).
The main agricultural commodities of our country are rice,
wheat, pulse, jute and different vegetables.
Vegetables are considered as one of the most important
food crops due to their high nutritive value, relatively higher
yield and higher return. Apart from nutritional importance, it
helps in employment generation, income increase and
poverty reduction in developing countries like Bangladesh
(Mitra & Yonus, 2018; Weinberger & Genova, 2005).
Vegetables having much high-income elasticity than other
crop like field crops there is therefore a natural trend to go
for increased farming under the commercialization process.
Vegetable production has experienced tremendous growth in
last 40 years in Bangladesh. A result showed that out of
4,70,19071employed people, 2,43,92878 were engaged in
agricultural sector followed by 1,44,39231 in service and
81,8,7493 in industrial sector (ARSS, 2017).
In Chapainawabganj, about 9,530 hectares land was
cultivated to produce about 1,57,245 metric tons vegetables
in winter season of the year 2018 (Mahmud, 2018). The
vegetable farmers of this area face several obstacles that
constraints the development of the farmers. Low
productivity of agricultural commodities leads to low
income generation. Different vegetable farming technologies
such as farming of hybrid varieties of vegetables, using
quality seeds for vegetable farming, intercultural operation
practice like weeding, mulching, training, pruning and
rouging, widely use of inorganic fertilizer in field such as
TSP, MoP, DAP, Gypsum etc., along with irrigation and
drainage facilities are supposed to increase productivity of
vegetable chronologically. Hence, the present study was
designed to describe the adoption of farming technologies
and to assess the extent of socio-demographic characteristics
of vegetable farmers, to determine the innovativeness of the
farmers in vegetable farming and to explore the relationship
between selected characteristics of the vegetable growers
and their adoption of different vegetable farming
technologies.
The study will aid extension workers regarding the
production constraints of vegetables in Bangladesh and
therefore they will be able to suggest the farmer suitable
farming technologies to overcome them.
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1. Location of the study
The locale of the study was Chapainawabganj district of
Rajshahi division. Chapainawabganj is situated between the
latitude 240
22' to 240
57' and longitude 870
23' to 880
23'. The
Sadar upazila consists of 1 municipality, 15 wards, 82
mahallas, 14 unions, 178 populated mauzas and 342 villages.
Tikrampur, Namotikrampur, Chormohonpur,
Namochormohanpur and Chorisalambad villages of
Chapainawabganj municipality, Moharajnogor and Mollan
villages of Sundorpur union, Husendaing and Boropukuria
villages of Jhilim union, Shakpara and Chamagram villages
of Moharajpur union and Barorossia village of Islampur
union was randomly selected for the study.
Fig. 1 Maps showing the location of study area.
2.2. Data collection procedure and analysis
A list of all farmers was collected from the upazila
Agricultural Extension Office, NGOs and with the help of
Sub Assistant Agriculture Officers (SAAOs). The samples of
63 vegetable farmers from 12 villages were randomly
selected from different unions. Data were collected through
face to face interview using a pre-structured questionnaire.
The analysis was performed using Statistical Package for
Social Science (SPSS) computer package. Statistical tests
like frequency counts, percentage, mean, standard deviation
(SD) were used for analysis and interpretation of data.
Regression analysis at 95% level of confidence was performed to
explore the relationship between the concerned variables.
2.3. Independent Variables and Their Measurement
Technique
Nine independent variables were selected and scaled for the
study according to their nature:
1) The age of an individual is one of the important
factors pertaining to his personality make up which can play
an important role in adoption behavior (Smith et al., 1970).
Age of the respondents was scaled in terms of years on the
basis of his/her response. A score of one was assigned for
each year of age.
3. Khan et al. (2022) EBAUB J., 4, 90-95. 92
Journal home page: http://www.ebaub.edu.bd/journal/ej/journal.html
2) Educational qualification of a respondent was scored
in terms of degree he/she obtained in formal education
system (i.e., primary school, high school). It was expressed
in terms of year of schooling. A score of one (1) was
assigned for each year of schooling completed. Similarly, a
respondent who could not read and write fell under „can‟t
read and write‟ criteria with a score of 0.
3) Farm size of the farmer was scaled by the land area
possessed by him. Farm size was computed by using the
following formula: Farm size = A1 + A2 + A3 + 1/2 (A4 +
A5); where, A1 = Homestead Area, A2 = Own land under
own farming, A3 = Land taken from others on borga system,
A4 = Land given to others on borga system, A5 = Land taken
from others on lease. The unit of measurement was hectares.
4) Annual income of a respondent was determined
based on his/her total earnings from different sources, like
agriculture, service, business and others. It was expressed in
Taka.
5) Credit availability of vegetable farmers referred to
the amount of money received by him as loan from different
sources. It was expressed in Taka.
6) Farming experience was operationalized by
computing the total number of years of agriculture related
experience of a respondent.
7) Training exposure was determined by the total
number of days a respondent received training in his/her
entire life on vegetable farming from different organizations.
A measuring score of 1 was assigned for each days of
training.
8) In this study, innovativeness of a respondent was
measured based on the period of practicing improved
farming technologies among them. Score was assigned on
the basis of time of an individual being practicing
technologies in the following manner : period of practice
within 3 years: 4 point, within 2 years: 3 point, within 1
year: 2 point, within 6months: 1 point, Not at all: 0.
9) A scale was prepared to indicate the extent to which
problems regarding vegetable cultivation were applicable in
the case of a respondent scoring from 0 to 36. The responses
were obtained through a 4-point scale “high”, “medium”,
“low” and “not at all” and weights were assigned to these
responses as 3, 2, 1 and 0 respectively.
2.4. Dependent Variable and Its Measurement Technique
Adoption of farming technologies by the vegetable farmers
in vegetable farming was the dependent variables in this
study. It was measured by using 4-point rating scale. The
respondents were asked to indicate their use of vegetable
farming technologies commonly used in Bangladesh. The
method of assigning scores to the respondents was as
follows: for frequent adoption: 3, for occasional adoption: 2,
for rare adoption: 1 and No adoption: 0. The extent of scores
of a respondent could range from 0 to 36, 0 indicating low
use of technologies and 36 indicating highest adoption of
farming technologies.
2.5. Multiple Linear Regression Procedure
Due to the nature of the dependent and independent
variables, the linear regression model was performed. The
latent equation used in this study was:
y=βo+β1x1+ β2x2+…. + β9x9 + ε.......................................(1)
Where, y was the dependent variable, βo was the
intercept, β1-9 were the coefficients, and x1-9 were the
independent variables as follows:
y = Adoption of different farming technologies by the
respondents;
x1 = Age of the respondents in years;
x2 = Educational qualification of the respondents in years;
x3 = Farm size of the respondents in ha;
x4 = Annual income of the respondents in Taka;
x5 = Credit availability of the respondents in Taka;
x6 = Farming experience of the respondents in years;
x7 = Training exposure on agriculture to the respondents;
x8 = Innovativeness of the respondents;
x9 = Problem faced by the respondents;
After gathering data from respondents in the study area,
categorization and classification of the data according to the
study's objectives were done. In addition, multiple regression
analysis with significance levels of 0.5 was performed to
estimate the impact of the attributes.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1. Socio-demographic Characteristics of the Vegetable
Farmers
Data presented in Table 1 shows that, most of the farmers
belong to the age range of 38 years to 65 years, which means
most of the farmers are from middle aged to the old aged and
the number of young farmers is quite low. Nair (1963) found
age as one of the factors that influence the farmer‟s
participation process in improved technologies and farm
practices in his study. Young people are generally receptive
to new ideas and things. However, as the number of young
farmers is quite low so the old ones might have added
valuable option about use of vegetable farming technologies.
The majority, 30.2% of the farmers had secondary level
of education while 31.7% farmers had primary level of
education, 14.3% had higher level of education and 23.8%
were illiterate. The findings revealed that the literacy rate in
the study area seems to be higher than the national average
which is 72.9% (BBS 2019). According to the farm size
among the respondents, 78% of the farmers were small
farmers which was the highest, 16% were medium farmers
and large and marginal farms were 4.8% and 1.6%
respectively.
The highest proportion, 77.8% of the respondents had
low annual income, while 17.5% had medium income and
4.8% had high income. As a result, the most of the
respondents (82.6%) in the study area were low to medium
income earners. The highest proportion, 87.3% of the
farmers had low credit availability while 7.9% had medium
credit availability and the rest of the farmers, 4.8% had high
credit availability. The highest proportion 38.1% of the
farmers had medium experience followed by 39.7% were
low experienced and 22.2% had high experience in farming
activities. Most of the farmers had no training exposure
which comprises of about 79.4% and 19.0% farmers had low
4. Khan et al. (2022) EBAUB J., 4, 90-95. 93
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Table 1 Distribution of the respondents according to their selected characteristics
Variable Category Frequency % Mean SD
Age
Young 6 9.5
48.3 11.4
Middle 34 54.0
Old 23 36.5
Education
Cannot read and write 15 23.8
2.3 1.0
Primary level (1-5) 20 31.7
Secondary label (5-10) 19 30.2
Above Secondary Level (above 10) 9 14.3
Farm size
Marginal Farm (Up to 0.053) ha 1 1.6
2.2 0.55
Small Farm (>0.053-1) ha 49 77.8
Medium Farm (>1-3) ha 10 15.9
Large Farm (>15) ha 3 4.8
Annual income
Low Income (20-200) 49 77.8
15 90.7
Medium Income (201-350) 11 17.5
High Income (351-400) 3 4.8
Credit availability
Low (0-50) 55 87.3
28.2 78.9
Medium (51-150) 5 7.9
High (151-500) 3 4.8
Farming experience
Low farming experience (0-10) 25 39.7
16.9 11.6
Medium farming experience (11-25) 24 38.1
High farming experience (26-40) 63 22.2
Training exposure
No Training Exposure (0) 50 79.4
0.8 3.4
Medium Training Exposure (1-15) 12 19.0
High Training Exposure (16-25) 1 1.6
Innovativeness
Low Innovativeness (20-35) 15 23.8
42.2 9.8
Medium Innovativeness (36-55) 42 66.7
High Innovativeness (56-70) 6 9.5
Problem faced
Low problem faced (10-15) 18 28.6
18.0 4.1
Medium problem faced (16-25) 43 68.3
High problem faced (26-30) 2 3.2
Adoption of different
farming technologies
Rarely use (0-21) 1 1.6
47.5 11.2
Occasionally use (22-60) 57 90.5
Frequently use (61-100) 5 7.9
training exposure and the rest 1.6% had higher training
exposure. The majority, 68.3% of the respondents had
medium level of problem faced, as compared to 3.2% had
high and 28.6% had low level of problem faced.
5. Khan et al. (2022) EBAUB J., 4, 90-95. 94
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3.2. Innovativeness of the Farmers in the Study Area
Based on the innovativeness scores, the farmers were
classified into three categories as shown in Table
1.Significant number of farmers were categorized under
medium innovativeness which was 66.7% on the other hand
9.5% and 24% of the farmers were categorized under high
and low innovativeness respectively. Moullick et al. (1996)
observed in their study that, the more a cultivator exhibited a
general tendency towards accepting innovations, the higher
would be his adoption score. The data also revealed that
majority 90.5% of the respondents were under medium to
low innovativeness. That means most of the farmers had
innovativeness which is very much positive because the
innovativeness refers to proneness of an individual to accept
new ideas and practices.
3.3. Adoption Status of Vegetable Farming Technologies
in the Study Area
Adoption of different farming technologies indicate that
wither the farmers are using many different farming
technologies based on their innovativeness. Observed
practices of use scores of the farmers ranged from 0 to 100
against the possible range of 0 to 48. The average and
standard deviation were 47.5 and 11.2 respectively. Based
on the possible scores, the farmers were classified into three
categories as shown as Table 1. Data contained in the Table
1 also indicate that among the farmers 90.5% had
occasionally and 7.9% had rarely adopted vegetable farming
technologies. Rest 1.6% rarely adopted vegetable farming
technologies which include using of inorganic fertilizers
with organic fertilizers, using of tractor, different types of
sprayers and smart phone occasionally.
3.4. Attributes Influencing Respondents’ Adoption of
Vegetable Farming Technologies
To determine the attributes influencing the respondents‟
adoption of vegetable farming technologies, nine
independent variables i.e. education, farm size, annual
income, credit availability, farming experience, training
exposure, innovativeness and problem faced were subjected
to full-model regression analysis against the dependent
variables i.e. adoption of vegetable farming technologies by
the respondents. The analysis revealed that, education of the
respondents positively contributed to adoption of vegetable
farming technologies significantly at 95% level of
confidence (Table 2).
Education develops mental and psychological ability to
understand, decide and adopt new practices and ideas.
Hence, it is expected to have positive influence on the extent
of farming technology adoption by the farmers. In case of
farm size ,larger farm size among respondents encouraged
adoption of vegetable farming technologies significantly at
95% level of confidence (Table 2) which is accentuated by
Rahman & Hossain (1995), which states that the larger the
farm size of the farmers the higher was their adoption.
From Table 2, innovativeness has significant positive
relationship with technology adoption at 95% level of
confidence. Moullick et al. (1996) observed similar pattern
that innovation proneness significantly influenced the
adoption of nitrogenous fertilizers among the North-Indian
farmers. They stated that the more a cultivator exhibited a
general tendency towards accepting innovations, the higher
would be his adoption score.
Table 2 Multiple regression of the contributing variables
related to vegetable farming technologies by the farmers
Dependent
variable
Independent
variable
β t p
Adoption
of vegetable
farming
technologies
Education 0.27 2.79 0.007*
Farm size 0.62 5.96 0.000*
Annual income 0.01 0.09 0.927
Credit availability 0.03 0.27 0.785
Farming
experience
0.03 0.33 0.743
Training exposure -0.12 -0.97 0.335
Innovativeness 0.19 1.72 0.048*
Problem faced -0.11 -1.11 0.273
*Significant at p<0.05
Table 2 also shows that higher annual income and
availability of credit aids in adoption of vegetable farming
technologies (insignificant at 95% level of
confidence).Therefore, it can be inferred that the more the
annual income and credit availability possessed by the
respondents, the higher would be favorable extent of
technology usage. Among the respondents, experienced
farmers tend to adopt vegetable farming technologies
compared to novice farmers (Table 2).
Ntshangase et. al. (2018) observed similar pattern that,
farming experience significantly influences farmers decision
in production technology (No-Till Conservation Agriculture)
adoption positively. Rahman & Hossain (1995) also reported
that farming experience significantly influences farmers
decision in production technology adoption. Problem faced
during vegetable cultivation had insignificant (p<0.05)
negative contribution to adoption of vegetable farming
technologies by the respondents (Table 2). Training
exposure is supposed to increase the possibility of
technology adoption as training helps the farmers to get new
ideas about technologies, yet respondents showed negative
relationship (Table 2).
This is possibly due to the dominance of other
independent variables over training exposure on adoption of
farming technologies by vegetable farmers. 98.4% of the
farmers had medium to no training exposure but 98.4% of
the respondents occasionally and frequently used different
farming technologies (Table 1). This may result in the
negative relationship between adoption of farming
technologies and training exposure. From Table 1, the
literacy rate among the respondents was 72.2% and
innovativeness ranged from medium to high for 76.2% of the
respondents. These two independent variables may have
dominated over training exposure for the respondents to
decide upon adoption of farming technologies.
6. Khan et al. (2022) EBAUB J., 4, 90-95. 95
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4. CONCLUSION
To increase the yield of vegetables, the farmers need to
adopt suitable farming technologies to the highest extent.
This study revealed that vegetable farmers had a satisfactory
level of farming technology adoption. In case of problems
faced by the farmers, there is not much impact found on the
adoption of vegetable farming technologies; among those
problems lack of capital was considered as the major
problem to the farmers. Lastly, the findings indicated that
most of the respondents had medium innovativeness which
significantly (p<0.05) influenced the technology adoption
positively that is revealed by the regression analysis. This
means that the higher the innovativeness of the farmers with
different technologies, higher the extent of use and adoption
of vegetable farming technologies. The analysis also
revealed that, higher education and larger farm size
encourages respondents to adopt farming technologies
(significant at 95% level of confidence). Though the level of
adoption of vegetable farming technologies by the farmers in
vegetable farming was encouraging, there is a need of
continuous efforts for wide use of farming technologies. It is
recommended that the extension worker should work with
the farmers of all age groups to promote the farming of
vegetable. However, they will have to focus more on middle
aged farmers as majority of the farmers in the study area is
of that range. It may be recommended that special attention
should be given by the extension provides to the farmers, so
that they become aware about the benefit of adoption
farming technologies for vegetables production. It can be
suggested to the agricultural extension agencies especially
the DAE and relevant NGOs that they should critically
review their training programs and make sound provisions so
that the farmers understand the use of farming technologies
for vegetable production. The findings may contribute to
develop better policy towards accelerating the adoption of
different farming technologies by the vegetable farmers.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Authors would like to acknowledge the contribution of 7th
batches student of Faculty of Agriculture, EXIM Bank
Agricultural University Bangladesh (EBAUB) regarding the
present research. Authors are grateful to the SAAOs of
Chapainawabganj sadar upazila and the farmers from whom
data were collected.
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