1. Researchers in Sri Lanka designed and developed a mechanical pineapple harvester to address issues with manual harvesting, which is difficult, time-consuming, and leads to injuries.
2. The harvester consists of a long handle, fruit picker, stalk holder, remotely-operated cutter, and levers for operation. It allows harvesting fruits within a 2m radius area while minimizing operator movement.
3. Testing showed the mechanical harvester harvested 385 fruits/hour with 84% efficiency, outperforming manual harvesting which achieved 210 fruits/hour with 64% efficiency. It significantly reduces harvesting time and costs compared to manual methods.
This document summarizes a study on the technical efficiency of rice production among local farmers in Merauke Regency, Papua, Indonesia. It finds that the rice production of local farmers is not technically efficient, with 99% of inefficiency due to human/managerial factors. Technical inefficiency decreases with larger family size, and local farmers who own land are more efficient than those who do not. The Marind tribe is also found to be more efficient than other local tribes. The level of technical efficiency among farmers ranges from 34-99%.
Merauke as a food barn has been carried out since the days of the Dutch
administration, namely by making Merauke an Asia Pacific food warehouse. To
realize this target, the Dutch government conducted a program to move the
population known as colonization, namely by bringing residents from Java to be
moved to Merauke. After the independence period the Indonesian colonization
program was still held by the name of transmigration. These transmigrant farmers
then live side by side with local residents and transmit the ability to cultivate rice to
local residents in Merauke Regency who previously lived from gathering, shifting
fields, sago farming, fishing, hunting and farming with the method of lagging, finally
getting interested in learning to grow crops rice. The purpose of this study is to
analyze (1) the factors that influence rice farming production on transmigrant
A Critical Analysis of Banana Cultivation in Thoothukudi District of Tamil Naduijtsrd
The document analyzes banana cultivation in Thoothukudi district of Tamil Nadu, India. It finds that the majority (54.17%) of 120 surveyed banana growers had high knowledge of cultivation technologies, and 87.5% had medium-to-high adoption levels. It also assessed 40 growers using drip irrigation and found benefits like reduced weeds, less labor for irrigation and fertilizing, and increased water efficiency. The study suggests providing continued support to drip-adopting farmers after installation and training growers on drip maintenance.
IRJET - Development of Fruit and Vegetable Slicing MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the development of a fruit and vegetable slicing machine. It begins by providing background on the importance of fruit and vegetable processing in India. It then discusses how slicing is a key unit operation that helps enable other processing steps like drying or cooking.
The researchers measured various physical properties of potatoes and bananas, like size, density, and angle of repose, in order to inform the design of the slicing machine. They conceptually designed a machine with four main units: feeding, slicing, collection, and power transmission. The slicing machine was then tested on potatoes and bananas, evaluating metrics like slicing capacity, broken slices, and uniformity of slices. The machine was able to slice potatoes at 91.8 kg
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Mutipurpose Manually Operated System for Agr...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes the design and fabrication of a manually operated, multipurpose system for agricultural purposes. The system was designed to address issues with traditional farming methods in India, which are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and cannot meet growing demands. The new system can simultaneously sow seeds and fertilizer at uniform depths and distances, improving efficiency. It is intended to be affordable and suitable for small-scale farmers. The document reviews different existing farm machines and identifies limitations before detailing the design of the new system, which includes components like a chain and sprocket mechanism to control seed spacing. Testing showed the new system can satisfactorily meet farmer needs with improved performance over traditional methods.
Fabrication of Integrated Malting Unit for Production of MaltsIJERA Editor
Malting is a three step process i.e. steeping(grain soaked in water), germination(development of
sprout and enhance enzymatic activity)and kilning (drying the grain and stop the enzymatic activity).
All these three steps are completed in separate plants. The present study is based on the development
of integrated malting unit which serves all three processes in a single unit. Integrated malting unit is
used for small scale production of malt. Integrated malting unit proved useful for development of new
malting technique for grains
Design and Development of Vegetable Planting MachineIJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT:- India is the second largest producer of vegetable in the world (ranks next to China only). India share 12 percent of world production of vegetable with a productivity of about 15 tons per ha which is quite low as compared to many countries. In India transplanting of vegetable seedling is done manually all over the country, as no machine is yet available commercially for this work. High labour requirement and shortage of labour during peak transplanting season causes delay in transplanting and affects timely operation [1].The basic requirements for small scale cropping machines are, they should be suitable for small farms, simple in design and technology and versatile for use in different farm operations. A manually operated template row planter was designed and developed to improve planting efficiency and reduce drudgery involved in manual planting method [2].Farm mechanization aims at higher production rate reduction in human drudgery. Many operations in agriculture are now being performed by machines. This reduces the labour requirements which have been the principal motivating force in mechanization. Due to small land holding is not possible to mechanize all the farming operations. Large machines cannot be operated these small farms. Also our farmers cannot afford to buy large costly machine. Vegetable planting machine is a device which helps in planting of vegetable plants in a desired position hence assisting the farmers in saving time and money. The basic objective of planting operation is to plant the vegetable plants in rows at desired depth and plant to plant spacing cover the plants with soil and provide proper compaction over the plant [3].
IRJET -Design and Development of Grain DryerIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of a grain dryer. The grain dryer aims to efficiently remove moisture from grains to allow for longer term storage. It uses a conveyor belt to move grains through a heated area, where a fan and heating elements blow warm air to evaporate moisture from the grains. The dry grains are then automatically collected while any impurities are removed by a net separator. The portable grain dryer provides a solution to inefficient natural drying methods by rapidly drying grains within a limited temperature range to preserve quality and allow for storage over months.
This document summarizes a study on the technical efficiency of rice production among local farmers in Merauke Regency, Papua, Indonesia. It finds that the rice production of local farmers is not technically efficient, with 99% of inefficiency due to human/managerial factors. Technical inefficiency decreases with larger family size, and local farmers who own land are more efficient than those who do not. The Marind tribe is also found to be more efficient than other local tribes. The level of technical efficiency among farmers ranges from 34-99%.
Merauke as a food barn has been carried out since the days of the Dutch
administration, namely by making Merauke an Asia Pacific food warehouse. To
realize this target, the Dutch government conducted a program to move the
population known as colonization, namely by bringing residents from Java to be
moved to Merauke. After the independence period the Indonesian colonization
program was still held by the name of transmigration. These transmigrant farmers
then live side by side with local residents and transmit the ability to cultivate rice to
local residents in Merauke Regency who previously lived from gathering, shifting
fields, sago farming, fishing, hunting and farming with the method of lagging, finally
getting interested in learning to grow crops rice. The purpose of this study is to
analyze (1) the factors that influence rice farming production on transmigrant
A Critical Analysis of Banana Cultivation in Thoothukudi District of Tamil Naduijtsrd
The document analyzes banana cultivation in Thoothukudi district of Tamil Nadu, India. It finds that the majority (54.17%) of 120 surveyed banana growers had high knowledge of cultivation technologies, and 87.5% had medium-to-high adoption levels. It also assessed 40 growers using drip irrigation and found benefits like reduced weeds, less labor for irrigation and fertilizing, and increased water efficiency. The study suggests providing continued support to drip-adopting farmers after installation and training growers on drip maintenance.
IRJET - Development of Fruit and Vegetable Slicing MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the development of a fruit and vegetable slicing machine. It begins by providing background on the importance of fruit and vegetable processing in India. It then discusses how slicing is a key unit operation that helps enable other processing steps like drying or cooking.
The researchers measured various physical properties of potatoes and bananas, like size, density, and angle of repose, in order to inform the design of the slicing machine. They conceptually designed a machine with four main units: feeding, slicing, collection, and power transmission. The slicing machine was then tested on potatoes and bananas, evaluating metrics like slicing capacity, broken slices, and uniformity of slices. The machine was able to slice potatoes at 91.8 kg
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Mutipurpose Manually Operated System for Agr...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes the design and fabrication of a manually operated, multipurpose system for agricultural purposes. The system was designed to address issues with traditional farming methods in India, which are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and cannot meet growing demands. The new system can simultaneously sow seeds and fertilizer at uniform depths and distances, improving efficiency. It is intended to be affordable and suitable for small-scale farmers. The document reviews different existing farm machines and identifies limitations before detailing the design of the new system, which includes components like a chain and sprocket mechanism to control seed spacing. Testing showed the new system can satisfactorily meet farmer needs with improved performance over traditional methods.
Fabrication of Integrated Malting Unit for Production of MaltsIJERA Editor
Malting is a three step process i.e. steeping(grain soaked in water), germination(development of
sprout and enhance enzymatic activity)and kilning (drying the grain and stop the enzymatic activity).
All these three steps are completed in separate plants. The present study is based on the development
of integrated malting unit which serves all three processes in a single unit. Integrated malting unit is
used for small scale production of malt. Integrated malting unit proved useful for development of new
malting technique for grains
Design and Development of Vegetable Planting MachineIJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT:- India is the second largest producer of vegetable in the world (ranks next to China only). India share 12 percent of world production of vegetable with a productivity of about 15 tons per ha which is quite low as compared to many countries. In India transplanting of vegetable seedling is done manually all over the country, as no machine is yet available commercially for this work. High labour requirement and shortage of labour during peak transplanting season causes delay in transplanting and affects timely operation [1].The basic requirements for small scale cropping machines are, they should be suitable for small farms, simple in design and technology and versatile for use in different farm operations. A manually operated template row planter was designed and developed to improve planting efficiency and reduce drudgery involved in manual planting method [2].Farm mechanization aims at higher production rate reduction in human drudgery. Many operations in agriculture are now being performed by machines. This reduces the labour requirements which have been the principal motivating force in mechanization. Due to small land holding is not possible to mechanize all the farming operations. Large machines cannot be operated these small farms. Also our farmers cannot afford to buy large costly machine. Vegetable planting machine is a device which helps in planting of vegetable plants in a desired position hence assisting the farmers in saving time and money. The basic objective of planting operation is to plant the vegetable plants in rows at desired depth and plant to plant spacing cover the plants with soil and provide proper compaction over the plant [3].
IRJET -Design and Development of Grain DryerIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of a grain dryer. The grain dryer aims to efficiently remove moisture from grains to allow for longer term storage. It uses a conveyor belt to move grains through a heated area, where a fan and heating elements blow warm air to evaporate moisture from the grains. The dry grains are then automatically collected while any impurities are removed by a net separator. The portable grain dryer provides a solution to inefficient natural drying methods by rapidly drying grains within a limited temperature range to preserve quality and allow for storage over months.
Timely transplanting of crops is essential for good yield which may be possible by mechanization. Farmer friendly and cost effective mechanized solutions for reducing drudgery and labour cost.
Participatory on farm evaluation of improved bread wheat technologies in some...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that evaluated 6 varieties of bread wheat on 27 farmer fields in 3 districts of Southern Ethiopia. The objectives were to test the adaptability and acceptance of wheat varieties and technologies. Data was collected on agronomic traits and yield. Analysis of variance showed varieties significantly impacted traits. Mean yield was 1.78 t/ha but varied by district. Farmers in all districts ranked the Digalu variety first. The study aimed to identify best varieties and increase wheat production and productivity in the region through participatory evaluation and technology dissemination.
IRJET- Design and Manufacturing of Onion Plantation MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and manufacturing of an onion plantation machine. The machine was created to improve planting efficiency and reduce labor involved in manual planting. It allows for planting of small seeds like onions at a variable depth and spacing between seeds. The machine is made of durable and affordable materials for small-scale farmers. It has several functional components including a frame, seed tubes, and a plant rotor for uniform planting. The machine offers advantages like improved crop yields, reduced labor needs, and more accurate seed placement compared to manual planting methods. The overall goal is to increase productivity and benefit small farmers through mechanization of the planting process.
Grading involves separating food products into categories based on various quality factors such as size, shape, color, and presence of defects. It can be done manually or mechanically. Manual grading involves trained workers visually inspecting and sorting products. Mechanical grading uses machines like screens, roller graders, diverging belt graders, and weight graders to separate products. Screen graders use perforated screens to sort by size, roller and belt graders gradually increase space to drop smaller products first, and weight graders index products by weight. Potato graders use expanding pitch rubber spools or self-propelled combines to grade and harvest potatoes with minimal damage.
Agriculture and allied sectors are the most crucial sectors of the Kerala Economy. In that paddy cultivation plays an important role, being the staple food of Kerala. With the drop in production of paddy due to various reasons, the state of Kerala has to depend heavily on the neighbouring states for the same. Reduction in cultivated land, labour shortage, unscientific and out-dated methods is some of the causes for this situation in paddy cultivation. Based on the interaction with farmers, various agricultural officers and NGOs, it was identified that the farmers are facing a huge problem of labour scarcity. One key area which results in huge losses in terms of money and paddy seeds is sowing. Hence a remote controlled device was developed, which can do the sowing of seeds with correct spacing (thus avoiding transplanting), weeding and spraying fertilizers while being controlled by a single person. Thereby no additional workers are required to perform these tasks. By changing the type of container used, or by using a weeding attachment, the device can be used for sowing, weeding and spraying fertilizers, thereby greatly reducing the time taken and the cost involved in paddy field cultivation.
IRJET- Survey of Crop Recommendation SystemsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes and compares several papers on crop recommendation systems. It discusses papers that use techniques like artificial neural networks, ensemble models combining multiple algorithms like random trees and KNN, and algorithms like SVM. The document also compares the modules used in different systems like location detection, data analysis, similarity detection and recommendation generation. It concludes that using ensemble methods can improve accuracy over single algorithms and future work could integrate more factors like economic conditions and land area into recommendation systems.
Productivity of Soybean on Different AgroecosystemsIJEABJ
This study aims to see the growth and productivity of soybeans in different agroecosystems. The study was conducted on paddy field located in Bumi Setia village, Seputih Mataram sub-district, Central Lampung district, and on dryland located in Mandah village, Natar sub-district, South Lampung district, Lampung Province, Indonesia, from April to July 2015. Soybean varieties grown at each location were Grobogan varieties. The variables observed were crop emergence, plant height at harvest, number of plant harvested, number of pods per plant, empty pods, weight of 100 grains, pod pests and productivity. Data were analyzed by t test. The results showed that soybean productivity in dryland was 64.25% lower than productivity in paddy fields. The low yield of soybean varieties of Grobogan in dryland was caused due to drought factor when forming and filling pods. This can be seen from the decrease of weight of 100 grains of soybean seed in dryland up to 51.82% than in paddy field. The status of Grobogan varieties soybean vigor may change from large seed to medium seed if the water requirement is not optimum during the growing season.
This document summarizes a project that developed strategies to improve livelihoods for smallholders in Indonesia through integrated production and marketing of timber and non-timber forest products. The project established demonstration trials in four regions of Indonesia and provided training to over 2,400 farmers. It developed grand strategies for three regions and improved market linkages. Moving forward, the project aims to increase smallholder incomes through promoting improved production and marketing of timber and non-timber forest products within a landscape management approach.
Impact of Frontline Demonstration (Fld’s) On Adoption Behavior of Soybean Gro...iosrjce
The main objective of the FLD is to demonstrate newly released crop production and protection
technology and its management practices on the farmer‟s field by the scientists themselves before taking it into
main extension system of State Department of Agriculture under different agro-climatic regions and in real
farming system. Presently the FLDs are mainly conducted through KVKs in all over the country. This is the
mandatory function of KVK to remove lack of knowledge and constraints in the adoption of improved soybean
production technology. Keeping all these views in mind, the present investigation entitled “Study on knowledge
and adoption level of soybean growers through Front Line Demonstrations (FLDs‟) in Ujjain district of M.P.”
For this purpose the data collected on a well prepared interview schedule. through personal interview method
by the investigator. The major findings of the study is majority of the respondents (beneficiaries of FLD
programme and non-beneficiaries) possessed medium level of adoption level. The „t‟ test indicated that there is
a significant difference between scores mean of both the group. Thus, it can be stated that, there is an impact of
FLD programme on the adoption level of the soybean growers.
The document provides recommendations for rice cultivation in the subtropical zone of Jammu region, including suitable high yielding rice varieties for different situations, promising rice-based cropping systems, and cultivation practices such as land preparation, nursery raising, transplanting, nutrient management, water management, weed control, and plant protection. Recommended varieties include coarse, fine, and superfine varieties suited to irrigated and rainfed conditions up to 1200 meters above mean sea level.
This document summarizes a study on identifying the preferences of cassava product ("gari") end users in Benue State, Nigeria. The study found that farmers preferred cassava varieties with heavy, long roots that are not rotten or woody, while processors preferred varieties with white, dry peeled roots and less water in the mash. Marketers and consumers preferred gari that is shiny, dry, heavy, sweet with no lumps or smooth and white in color. The preferences identified will help breeders develop new cassava varieties that meet the needs of all end users.
This document provides an overview of protected cultivation in India. It discusses the global scenario of protected cultivation, with key countries like Netherlands, China, and Japan leading in area under protected cultivation. In India, protected cultivation started gaining commercial utilization in the 1980s and has grown steadily since then, reaching 20,000 hectares currently. The document outlines some of the major clusters for protected cultivation in India based on factors like climate, infrastructure, markets, policies, and prominent crops grown. It also provides a brief overview of the leading states and regions for protected cultivation in India.
Technology has played a big role in developing the agricultural industry. Today it is possible to grow crops in a desert by use of agricultural biotechnology. With this technology, plants have been engineered to survive in drought conditions.
This document summarizes a survey of dried plantain chip processors in Ondo State, Nigeria. It describes the background and methods used in the survey. Key findings include that most processors are women between the ages of 25-40 who view chip processing as difficult work. Common challenges included the time-consuming nature, pest infestation during storage, and weather issues during drying. The conclusion recommends addressing animal contamination during drying and limiting the use of toxic preservatives to improve product quality and safety.
Students from the Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture Multan visited Mumtaz Khan Manias agriculture farm in Tiba Sultan Pur District Vehari. The 300 acre farm uses advanced machinery and practices for wheat cultivation, grass cutting, citrus and grape orchards, dairy farming, and fish farming. The students observed operations like wheat harvesting and baling, grass cutting, drip irrigation systems, mechanical milk extraction, and farm yard manure spreading. They learned how these technologies help farmers work more efficiently and save resources. The visit provided hands-on experience to supplement the students' theoretical classroom learning.
Agronomic status of Sesame/Thala (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivations in dry reg...Innspub Net
This document summarizes a study on the agronomic practices of sesame cultivation in Sri Lanka. The study surveyed 251 farmers across 5 districts representing different agro-ecological zones. Results showed that sesame is mainly grown as a secondary crop during the Yala season to maintain agricultural lands. Many farmers were unaware of recommended varieties and cultivation practices. White seeded sesame was popular in the south while black seeded varieties were common in the north. Farmers primarily selected varieties based on availability and marketability. Sesame was cultivated on small plots with minimal agrochemical inputs. There is potential to expand sesame cultivation on degraded dry lands utilizing traditional organic practices.
Evaluation of mixture productivity and economic profit of inter Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the productivity and economic profitability of intercropping garden egg and okra under different fertilizer treatments. The treatments included applications of Moringa oleifera extracts, poultry manure, and NPK fertilizer in both sole cropping and intercropping systems. The study found that okra growth parameters and pod yield were significantly higher under treatments with Moringa extracts compared to the control, both in sole cropping and intercropping systems. Fruit yield of garden egg was also significantly influenced by Moringa extracts. The land equivalent ratio values for okra/garden egg intercrops treated with Moringa extracts were above 1, indicating a 44-46%
The document discusses integrated nutrient management (INM) and its potential to enhance agricultural productivity in a sustainable way. INM involves using organic manures, chemical fertilizers, and biological agents together to optimize soil fertility and meet crop nutrient demands. It aims to increase yields while improving soil health, resource use efficiency, and environmental protection with lower chemical inputs. Research shows INM can increase crop yields by 8-150% compared to conventional practices through better nutrient cycling and synchronization with crop needs. INM is presented as a promising strategy for sustainable agriculture worldwide that addresses challenges of increasing food production and decreasing environmental impacts.
Design fabrication and performance analysis of groundnut thresherIRJET Journal
This document describes the design, fabrication, and performance analysis of a groundnut thresher. It begins with background on groundnuts/peanuts, noting they are a legume crop rich in oil and protein. Harvesting groundnuts is currently labor-intensive and costly. The document then reviews existing threshing methods like drum threshers. It outlines the components of the proposed groundnut thresher, including an engine, pulleys, belts, bearings, shafts, and cutting plates. The thresher is intended to reduce the time and cost of removing groundnut pods from plants.
Cotton Sown in Different Row Distances after Wheat Harvest: Seed Cotton Yield...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— This study was conducted to determine seed cotton yield and yield components of some cotton varieties sown in different row distances after wheat harvest in Kahramanmaras conditions. Eleven cotton varieties (Albania-6172, Aktas-3, Beli Izvor-432, Azerbaycan-3038, Delta Opal, ST-468, DP-388, DP-5111, Golden West, ST-453 and Maras-92) and two different row distances (conventional row: 70x20 cm, narrow row: 35x20 cm) were used in the study. The experiment was designed as a split-plot with three replication in which sowing densities were the main plots and cotton cultivars were sub plots. In the study first harvest seed cotton ratio (FHSR), plant height (PH), number of fruit branches per plant (NFBP), number of bolls per plant (NBP), seed cotton weight per boll (SWB), ginning turn out (GTO) and seed cotton yield (SCY) were investigated. As a result of variance analyses, FHSR, PH, NFBP and SCY were affected by row distances. All the investigated characteristics except SWB were significantly affected by cultivar and interaction effects for FHSR, PH, NFBP and SCY were observed. In addition, the highest SCY was obtained from cultivar of Aktas-3 (2200 kg ha-1) in narrow row distance and it was followed by cotton cultivars of ST-468 and DP-388.
IRJET- A Review on Design and Development of Vegetables HarvesterIRJET Journal
This document reviews the design and development of a vegetable harvester. It discusses how harvesting vegetables like lettuce and spinach is currently done manually, which is time-consuming and inefficient. It leads to higher costs, more wasted vegetables, and lower quality. The review proposes the design of a prototype harvester that could help address these issues. The harvester would use a cutting blade and conveyor belt powered by a motor to automate the harvesting process, reducing the time and costs while improving quality compared to manual harvesting. It analyzes the requirements and working principles of such a harvester.
IRJET- A Review on Design and Development of Coconut Deshelling MachineIRJET Journal
The document reviews several designs for coconut de-shelling machines. It summarizes 7 different designs:
1. A machine with two cutters mounted on a shared shaft with gear drive that can de-shell 300 coconuts per hour.
2. A power-operated machine that can de-shell 200 nuts or 400 cups per batch in 4 minutes, 4 times faster than manual methods.
3. A semi-automatic young coconut cutting machine that can cut 480 fruits per hour at a cost of $2.63 per 1000 fruits.
4. A motorized groundnut sheller that can shell 78% of nuts and has a throughput of 345.4kg per hour.
Timely transplanting of crops is essential for good yield which may be possible by mechanization. Farmer friendly and cost effective mechanized solutions for reducing drudgery and labour cost.
Participatory on farm evaluation of improved bread wheat technologies in some...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that evaluated 6 varieties of bread wheat on 27 farmer fields in 3 districts of Southern Ethiopia. The objectives were to test the adaptability and acceptance of wheat varieties and technologies. Data was collected on agronomic traits and yield. Analysis of variance showed varieties significantly impacted traits. Mean yield was 1.78 t/ha but varied by district. Farmers in all districts ranked the Digalu variety first. The study aimed to identify best varieties and increase wheat production and productivity in the region through participatory evaluation and technology dissemination.
IRJET- Design and Manufacturing of Onion Plantation MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and manufacturing of an onion plantation machine. The machine was created to improve planting efficiency and reduce labor involved in manual planting. It allows for planting of small seeds like onions at a variable depth and spacing between seeds. The machine is made of durable and affordable materials for small-scale farmers. It has several functional components including a frame, seed tubes, and a plant rotor for uniform planting. The machine offers advantages like improved crop yields, reduced labor needs, and more accurate seed placement compared to manual planting methods. The overall goal is to increase productivity and benefit small farmers through mechanization of the planting process.
Grading involves separating food products into categories based on various quality factors such as size, shape, color, and presence of defects. It can be done manually or mechanically. Manual grading involves trained workers visually inspecting and sorting products. Mechanical grading uses machines like screens, roller graders, diverging belt graders, and weight graders to separate products. Screen graders use perforated screens to sort by size, roller and belt graders gradually increase space to drop smaller products first, and weight graders index products by weight. Potato graders use expanding pitch rubber spools or self-propelled combines to grade and harvest potatoes with minimal damage.
Agriculture and allied sectors are the most crucial sectors of the Kerala Economy. In that paddy cultivation plays an important role, being the staple food of Kerala. With the drop in production of paddy due to various reasons, the state of Kerala has to depend heavily on the neighbouring states for the same. Reduction in cultivated land, labour shortage, unscientific and out-dated methods is some of the causes for this situation in paddy cultivation. Based on the interaction with farmers, various agricultural officers and NGOs, it was identified that the farmers are facing a huge problem of labour scarcity. One key area which results in huge losses in terms of money and paddy seeds is sowing. Hence a remote controlled device was developed, which can do the sowing of seeds with correct spacing (thus avoiding transplanting), weeding and spraying fertilizers while being controlled by a single person. Thereby no additional workers are required to perform these tasks. By changing the type of container used, or by using a weeding attachment, the device can be used for sowing, weeding and spraying fertilizers, thereby greatly reducing the time taken and the cost involved in paddy field cultivation.
IRJET- Survey of Crop Recommendation SystemsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes and compares several papers on crop recommendation systems. It discusses papers that use techniques like artificial neural networks, ensemble models combining multiple algorithms like random trees and KNN, and algorithms like SVM. The document also compares the modules used in different systems like location detection, data analysis, similarity detection and recommendation generation. It concludes that using ensemble methods can improve accuracy over single algorithms and future work could integrate more factors like economic conditions and land area into recommendation systems.
Productivity of Soybean on Different AgroecosystemsIJEABJ
This study aims to see the growth and productivity of soybeans in different agroecosystems. The study was conducted on paddy field located in Bumi Setia village, Seputih Mataram sub-district, Central Lampung district, and on dryland located in Mandah village, Natar sub-district, South Lampung district, Lampung Province, Indonesia, from April to July 2015. Soybean varieties grown at each location were Grobogan varieties. The variables observed were crop emergence, plant height at harvest, number of plant harvested, number of pods per plant, empty pods, weight of 100 grains, pod pests and productivity. Data were analyzed by t test. The results showed that soybean productivity in dryland was 64.25% lower than productivity in paddy fields. The low yield of soybean varieties of Grobogan in dryland was caused due to drought factor when forming and filling pods. This can be seen from the decrease of weight of 100 grains of soybean seed in dryland up to 51.82% than in paddy field. The status of Grobogan varieties soybean vigor may change from large seed to medium seed if the water requirement is not optimum during the growing season.
This document summarizes a project that developed strategies to improve livelihoods for smallholders in Indonesia through integrated production and marketing of timber and non-timber forest products. The project established demonstration trials in four regions of Indonesia and provided training to over 2,400 farmers. It developed grand strategies for three regions and improved market linkages. Moving forward, the project aims to increase smallholder incomes through promoting improved production and marketing of timber and non-timber forest products within a landscape management approach.
Impact of Frontline Demonstration (Fld’s) On Adoption Behavior of Soybean Gro...iosrjce
The main objective of the FLD is to demonstrate newly released crop production and protection
technology and its management practices on the farmer‟s field by the scientists themselves before taking it into
main extension system of State Department of Agriculture under different agro-climatic regions and in real
farming system. Presently the FLDs are mainly conducted through KVKs in all over the country. This is the
mandatory function of KVK to remove lack of knowledge and constraints in the adoption of improved soybean
production technology. Keeping all these views in mind, the present investigation entitled “Study on knowledge
and adoption level of soybean growers through Front Line Demonstrations (FLDs‟) in Ujjain district of M.P.”
For this purpose the data collected on a well prepared interview schedule. through personal interview method
by the investigator. The major findings of the study is majority of the respondents (beneficiaries of FLD
programme and non-beneficiaries) possessed medium level of adoption level. The „t‟ test indicated that there is
a significant difference between scores mean of both the group. Thus, it can be stated that, there is an impact of
FLD programme on the adoption level of the soybean growers.
The document provides recommendations for rice cultivation in the subtropical zone of Jammu region, including suitable high yielding rice varieties for different situations, promising rice-based cropping systems, and cultivation practices such as land preparation, nursery raising, transplanting, nutrient management, water management, weed control, and plant protection. Recommended varieties include coarse, fine, and superfine varieties suited to irrigated and rainfed conditions up to 1200 meters above mean sea level.
This document summarizes a study on identifying the preferences of cassava product ("gari") end users in Benue State, Nigeria. The study found that farmers preferred cassava varieties with heavy, long roots that are not rotten or woody, while processors preferred varieties with white, dry peeled roots and less water in the mash. Marketers and consumers preferred gari that is shiny, dry, heavy, sweet with no lumps or smooth and white in color. The preferences identified will help breeders develop new cassava varieties that meet the needs of all end users.
This document provides an overview of protected cultivation in India. It discusses the global scenario of protected cultivation, with key countries like Netherlands, China, and Japan leading in area under protected cultivation. In India, protected cultivation started gaining commercial utilization in the 1980s and has grown steadily since then, reaching 20,000 hectares currently. The document outlines some of the major clusters for protected cultivation in India based on factors like climate, infrastructure, markets, policies, and prominent crops grown. It also provides a brief overview of the leading states and regions for protected cultivation in India.
Technology has played a big role in developing the agricultural industry. Today it is possible to grow crops in a desert by use of agricultural biotechnology. With this technology, plants have been engineered to survive in drought conditions.
This document summarizes a survey of dried plantain chip processors in Ondo State, Nigeria. It describes the background and methods used in the survey. Key findings include that most processors are women between the ages of 25-40 who view chip processing as difficult work. Common challenges included the time-consuming nature, pest infestation during storage, and weather issues during drying. The conclusion recommends addressing animal contamination during drying and limiting the use of toxic preservatives to improve product quality and safety.
Students from the Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture Multan visited Mumtaz Khan Manias agriculture farm in Tiba Sultan Pur District Vehari. The 300 acre farm uses advanced machinery and practices for wheat cultivation, grass cutting, citrus and grape orchards, dairy farming, and fish farming. The students observed operations like wheat harvesting and baling, grass cutting, drip irrigation systems, mechanical milk extraction, and farm yard manure spreading. They learned how these technologies help farmers work more efficiently and save resources. The visit provided hands-on experience to supplement the students' theoretical classroom learning.
Agronomic status of Sesame/Thala (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivations in dry reg...Innspub Net
This document summarizes a study on the agronomic practices of sesame cultivation in Sri Lanka. The study surveyed 251 farmers across 5 districts representing different agro-ecological zones. Results showed that sesame is mainly grown as a secondary crop during the Yala season to maintain agricultural lands. Many farmers were unaware of recommended varieties and cultivation practices. White seeded sesame was popular in the south while black seeded varieties were common in the north. Farmers primarily selected varieties based on availability and marketability. Sesame was cultivated on small plots with minimal agrochemical inputs. There is potential to expand sesame cultivation on degraded dry lands utilizing traditional organic practices.
Evaluation of mixture productivity and economic profit of inter Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the productivity and economic profitability of intercropping garden egg and okra under different fertilizer treatments. The treatments included applications of Moringa oleifera extracts, poultry manure, and NPK fertilizer in both sole cropping and intercropping systems. The study found that okra growth parameters and pod yield were significantly higher under treatments with Moringa extracts compared to the control, both in sole cropping and intercropping systems. Fruit yield of garden egg was also significantly influenced by Moringa extracts. The land equivalent ratio values for okra/garden egg intercrops treated with Moringa extracts were above 1, indicating a 44-46%
The document discusses integrated nutrient management (INM) and its potential to enhance agricultural productivity in a sustainable way. INM involves using organic manures, chemical fertilizers, and biological agents together to optimize soil fertility and meet crop nutrient demands. It aims to increase yields while improving soil health, resource use efficiency, and environmental protection with lower chemical inputs. Research shows INM can increase crop yields by 8-150% compared to conventional practices through better nutrient cycling and synchronization with crop needs. INM is presented as a promising strategy for sustainable agriculture worldwide that addresses challenges of increasing food production and decreasing environmental impacts.
Design fabrication and performance analysis of groundnut thresherIRJET Journal
This document describes the design, fabrication, and performance analysis of a groundnut thresher. It begins with background on groundnuts/peanuts, noting they are a legume crop rich in oil and protein. Harvesting groundnuts is currently labor-intensive and costly. The document then reviews existing threshing methods like drum threshers. It outlines the components of the proposed groundnut thresher, including an engine, pulleys, belts, bearings, shafts, and cutting plates. The thresher is intended to reduce the time and cost of removing groundnut pods from plants.
Cotton Sown in Different Row Distances after Wheat Harvest: Seed Cotton Yield...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— This study was conducted to determine seed cotton yield and yield components of some cotton varieties sown in different row distances after wheat harvest in Kahramanmaras conditions. Eleven cotton varieties (Albania-6172, Aktas-3, Beli Izvor-432, Azerbaycan-3038, Delta Opal, ST-468, DP-388, DP-5111, Golden West, ST-453 and Maras-92) and two different row distances (conventional row: 70x20 cm, narrow row: 35x20 cm) were used in the study. The experiment was designed as a split-plot with three replication in which sowing densities were the main plots and cotton cultivars were sub plots. In the study first harvest seed cotton ratio (FHSR), plant height (PH), number of fruit branches per plant (NFBP), number of bolls per plant (NBP), seed cotton weight per boll (SWB), ginning turn out (GTO) and seed cotton yield (SCY) were investigated. As a result of variance analyses, FHSR, PH, NFBP and SCY were affected by row distances. All the investigated characteristics except SWB were significantly affected by cultivar and interaction effects for FHSR, PH, NFBP and SCY were observed. In addition, the highest SCY was obtained from cultivar of Aktas-3 (2200 kg ha-1) in narrow row distance and it was followed by cotton cultivars of ST-468 and DP-388.
IRJET- A Review on Design and Development of Vegetables HarvesterIRJET Journal
This document reviews the design and development of a vegetable harvester. It discusses how harvesting vegetables like lettuce and spinach is currently done manually, which is time-consuming and inefficient. It leads to higher costs, more wasted vegetables, and lower quality. The review proposes the design of a prototype harvester that could help address these issues. The harvester would use a cutting blade and conveyor belt powered by a motor to automate the harvesting process, reducing the time and costs while improving quality compared to manual harvesting. It analyzes the requirements and working principles of such a harvester.
IRJET- A Review on Design and Development of Coconut Deshelling MachineIRJET Journal
The document reviews several designs for coconut de-shelling machines. It summarizes 7 different designs:
1. A machine with two cutters mounted on a shared shaft with gear drive that can de-shell 300 coconuts per hour.
2. A power-operated machine that can de-shell 200 nuts or 400 cups per batch in 4 minutes, 4 times faster than manual methods.
3. A semi-automatic young coconut cutting machine that can cut 480 fruits per hour at a cost of $2.63 per 1000 fruits.
4. A motorized groundnut sheller that can shell 78% of nuts and has a throughput of 345.4kg per hour.
This document describes the design of an automatic sugarcane bud cutting machine. It aims to reduce labor costs and increase productivity compared to manual bud cutting. The machine uses an electric motor, shaft, spring-loaded cutter, cam, pulleys and gears to automatically cut sugarcane buds. The buds produced are lighter weight and more economical planting material than full stalks. Farmers can use the buds to develop new sugarcane varieties more quickly. The machine is designed to be compact, lightweight, low-cost and suitable for small-scale Indian farmers. It is expected to save on labor costs while providing a higher bud production rate than conventional bud cutting methods.
Cleaning Machine for Fruits and Vegetables: A Brief Literature ReviewIRJET Journal
This document reviews the design of fruits and vegetable cleaning machines. It discusses how washing is currently done manually which is laborious and time-consuming. Mechanical washers aim to improve efficiency. The document outlines various washing techniques used in machine designs, including spray, stirrer, roller-brush, rotary drum, and conveyor types. It also discusses key performance parameters to evaluate machines like mechanical washing efficiency, microbial washing efficiency, and bruising percentage. A literature review presented studies on machines for crops like ginger, galangal, carrots, and turmeric that achieved high washing efficiencies, lower costs than manual methods, and benefits for small-scale farmers. Overall, the research emphasizes the need for flexible, universal washing machines
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Manually Operated Seed Sowing MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a manually operated seed sowing machine. It aims to address improvements in agricultural processes by developing a multifunctional machine that can perform seed sowing and pesticide spraying simultaneously. The machine consists of mechanisms for sowing seeds that operate simultaneously. It is intended to place seeds at the desired depth, with proper spacing between seeds and cover the seeds with soil. The design goals for the machine include being simple, affordable for small-scale farmers, and easy for unskilled farmers to use and maintain. The document discusses the machine's development and mechanisms in reducing costs while creating a multifunctional sowing device.
This document describes the design of a Universal Multipurpose Cultivator. It aims to perform various agricultural operations like seed sowing, plowing, fertilizing, and cutting using a single machine. The cultivator is designed to minimize manual labor required for farmers and make the farming process more efficient. Key components of the cultivator include a hopper, sprockets, chain drive, seed bucket, pump, plow, wheels, shaft, battery, solar panel, and tank. The document provides details on the design calculations and analysis done to select appropriate components and ensure the structural integrity of the cultivator. The cultivator is intended to be affordable and easy to use for small-scale farmers.
Fabrication of Multi-Purpose Variable Length Plucking/Cutting MachineIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and fabrication of a multi-purpose variable length plucking/cutting machine. The machine consists of multiple hollow cylinders that slide inside one another via a pulley system powered by an electric motor, allowing the device to extend to different heights. A high speed motor powers a multi-point cutting tool mounted on the top cylinder to cut branches or pluck coconuts from trees. The machine is mounted on a wheeled framework for portability between trees. It aims to provide a safer and more efficient alternative to manually climbing trees and harvesting crops.
This document describes the design and fabrication of an automated vegetable cutting machine. The machine was created to reduce the effort and time required for cutting vegetables compared to manual cutting. It features a base, rotating disc cutter, sliding tray, hopper, motor, and controls. Vegetables are poured into the hopper and enter the cutting chamber where the rotating blades slice them into pieces. Calculations were performed to determine the required motor torque, cutting velocity, stresses on components, and more. Testing showed the machine could slice vegetables faster than manual methods and would help automate food processing.
The document describes the design and evaluation of a corn sheller machine. It discusses how existing corn de-husking methods are not effective for small Indian farmers. The designed machine uses a DC motor to rotate sharp cutting blades that remove corn kernels from cobs as they are fed through. An evaluation of the machine found it was able to shell 20kg of corn in under 3 minutes with a threshing efficiency of 78.93% and separation efficiency of 56.06%. The machine was concluded to satisfactorily shell corn and could process about 1 tonne per 9 hour shift, providing an innovative solution for efficient corn processing by small Indian farmers.
This document describes the design and development of a rice seed separation machine. The machine was designed to efficiently separate rice seeds from foreign materials like stones, straw, and other seed varieties. It uses mesh screens of different sizes to separate materials by size. Rice is fed onto an upper mesh which separates the seeds, while a fan blows away lighter waste materials. Clean rice seeds are then separated on a lower mesh. The machine aims to provide farmers an affordable alternative to manual separation methods, reducing time, effort and costs while increasing seed purity levels up to 95%. It has potential future improvements like powering mechanisms to reduce human effort and improving material removal.
IRJET- A Review on Design and Development of Pedal Operated Maize ShellerIRJET Journal
This document reviews the design and development of a pedal-operated maize sheller. It begins with an introduction to maize/corn as the third most important crop in India. Traditionally, maize is shelled by hand which is time-consuming and inefficient. Existing power-operated shellers require electricity and have high capital costs, making them unsuitable for rural areas. The document then reviews several existing maize sheller designs. It identifies opportunities to improve efficiency and reduce costs. The goal is to develop an affordable pedal-powered sheller suitable for Indian farmers. The document concludes that a pedal-operated design could provide higher productivity than manual shelling while being more accessible to farmers than electric models
Study of Multiple Seed Planting MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the development of a manually operated multiple seed planting machine. It aims to reduce labor costs and make the seed planting process easier. The machine is designed to simultaneously dig holes in the soil, place seeds at uniform distances, and cover the seeds - replacing traditional manual seeding. It uses gear ratios and sprockets to space seeds accurately. Adjustable handles and bars allow for different operator heights. Researchers conclude it reduces the time and labor needed for cotton seed planting by over 80% compared to manual methods. The machine has potential to be improved further to reduce costs and perform additional tasks like fertilizing or spraying.
● Assessment of Dairy Production System, Handling, Processing and Utilization Practices in South Ari and Malle District of South Omo Zone, Ethiopia
● Economic Analysis of Locally Produced Aquaculture Feeds with Complements of Plant-based Ingredients in Kainji Lake Basin, Nigeria
● Socioeconomic Assessment of Mandarin Postharvest Loss: A Case of Gandaki Province, Nepal
● Farmer’s Perception on Climatic Factors and Social-economic Characteristics in the Agricultural Sector of Gujarat
● A Multi-group Analysis of Gender Difference in Consumer Buying Intention of Agricultural Products via Live Streaming
● Cluster-based Improved Sorghum Production and Commercialization in Nyangatom Woreda of South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia
● The Contribution of Work Experience on Earnings Inequality of Migrant Workers: Decompositions Based on the Quantile Regression Equation
Review Paper on Semi Automatic Chips MachineIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the design and development of a semi-automatic potato chips machine. The machine uses a slicing wheel with sharp blades powered by a 1/12 HP electric motor to cut potatoes into uniform 2mm thick slices at a rate of 60kg per hour. Potatoes are fed into two cylinders and drop onto the rotating slicing wheel to be cut. The key components are the slicing wheel, V-belt power transmission system, cylinders, and electric motor. The design aims to provide a low-cost, simple machine for small-scale potato chip production.
Development and Performance Evaluation of Manually Operated Drumstick HarvesterIRJET Journal
1. Researchers in India have developed a manually operated drumstick harvester to help farmers harvest drumsticks more efficiently and with less damage.
2. Testing of the harvester showed it had a harvesting capacity of 21.99 kg/hr, higher than traditional manual methods. The damage percentage to drumsticks was also lower at 1.59% compared to over 4% for manual harvesting.
3. The developed harvester was found to be more efficient and comfortable for operators to use than traditional climbing and harvesting by hand, while also reducing drumstick damage during the harvesting process.
This document summarizes research on developing banana fiber as an environmentally friendly textile material. It begins by introducing banana plants and their various uses. It then discusses how textile production often pollutes the environment with chemicals and how banana fiber could provide a sustainable alternative. The document outlines experiments conducted to extract banana fibers and test their properties. It finds that a mechanical fresh extraction method yields 25-30% fiber. It also explores using leftover banana parts to create nutritious drinks and pickles. In conclusion, banana fiber shows potential as a textile material that utilizes agricultural waste in an environmentally friendly manner.
AUTOMATED CHILLI SEED EXTRACTOR USEFUL FOR INDIAN FARMERSijics
Till today chilli seeds are separated manually and there is no specific machine designed to separate seed from its pulp. The manual process is carried out by hammering chilli fruits with wooden stick, separating the husk using hand separator. This manual method is quite tiresome mainly due to the inhalation of fine particles of chilli fruits by labours. Its pungency results in continuous sneezing and irritation for labours. Hence, it is necessary to eliminate laborious work and time consumption. The automated process of chilli seed extraction will be the better solution for this problem, which helps farmers. This automated method can also be adopted by food industries for large scale extraction of chilli seed, as well.
This document provides a summary of an industrial visit by students to various agricultural facilities in Odisha, India. It includes summaries of visits to:
1) An orchid garden where various dendrobium orchid varieties are commercially cultivated using coconut husk media in a polyhouse structure.
2) The Central Tuber Crop Research Institute where research is conducted on tropical tuber crops like sweet potato and efforts are made to transfer technologies to tribal farmers through demonstrations.
3) The Centre of Excellence facility which demonstrates high-tech horticulture production methods using infrastructure like polygreenhouses, net houses, and high tunnels to commercially grow vegetables, flowers and more.
Segmentation and yield count of an arecanut bunch using deep learning techniquesIAESIJAI
Arecanut is one of Southeast Asia’s most significant commercial crops. This work aims at helping arecanut farmers get an estimate of the yield of their or chards. This paper presents deep-learning-based methods for segmenting arecanut bunch from the images and yield estimation. Segmentation is a fundamental task in any vision-based system for crop growth monitoring and is done using U-Net squared model. The yield of the crop is estimated using Yolov4. Experiments were done to measure the performance and compared with benchmark segmentation and yield estimation with other commodities, as there were no benchmarks for the arecanut. U-Net squared model has achieved a training accuracy of 88% and validation accuracy of 85%. Yolo shows excellent performance of 94.7% accuracy for segmented images, which is very good compared to similar crops.
Similar to Design, Development, and Performance Evaluation of a Mechanical Device for Harvesting Pineapple (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
The chapter Lifelines of National Economy in Class 10 Geography focuses on the various modes of transportation and communication that play a vital role in the economic development of a country. These lifelines are crucial for the movement of goods, services, and people, thereby connecting different regions and promoting economic activities.
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
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Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD42548 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 4 | May-June 2021 Page 1110
plant to plant, injuries caused by sharp and spiny leaves,
damaging fruits and leaves, and high time consumption.The
post-harvest loss of pineapple is estimated as 6.82% of
harvested fruits due to several reasons at the farm level as
pineapple fruits are very sensitive for the pressure, ofwhich
1.85% is due to the harvesting damages (Ningombamet al.,
2019). Proper mechanization of thisdifficulttask will reduce
the problems of labor shortage, safety problems during
harvesting process, problemsofpost-harvestlossesandhigh
cost of production. Therefore, this studyaimedtodesign and
construct a suitable mechanical device to overcomeall these
practical problems associated with manual harvesting of
pineapple.
2. Materials and methods
All the design and fabrication work were carried out at the
Engineering workshop of Faculty of Agriculture, Rajarata
University of Sri Lanka and performance of the newly
introduced harvester was evaluated at some selected
pineapple plantations in Kurunegala district of Sri Lanka.
2.1. Design considerations
Reducing the walking distance of the operator, low weight,
less damage to fruits and plants, Safety of operator,
harvesting efficiency, affordability, and ergonomic factors
were considered when designing the pineapple harvester.
Easy assembling, dissembling and maintenance at village
level were also considered.
2.2. Components of the machine
The mechanical pineapple harvester consists of several
components such as fruit picker, stalk holder, stalk cutter,
handle, and operating levers (Figure. 01).
Figure 01: Components and dimensions of the
pineapple harvester
The handle carries all the components together and
determines the length of the harvester. A lightweight
Galvanized Iron (GI) pipe with 25 mm diameter was used to
fabricate the handle. The total length of the handlewas2000
mm. As the pineapple fruit should be hold tightly before
making the cut the fruit picker was designed to holdthefruit
firmly while cutting and taking away. It is attached to the
handle just above the stalk cutter. To facilitate the picker to
grasp any size of pineapple fruit, the average diameter of
pineapple fruits of Sri Lanka was considered when deciding
the maximum gap between arms of the picker. As the
average diameter of Mauritius fruits is about 200 mmthe
maximum gap between arms was decided as 220 mm.
Operation of the arms of the pickershould be done by a lever
attached to the operating end of the handle and power is
transmitted using a flexible cable.
After cutting the stalk, the separated fruit should be taken
out and placed in a bag or another place. When, the fruit is
lifted by the handle, as the support from the fruit picker is
not enough the fruit holder was designed in U shape and the
gap between two pegs was determined as 30 mm. Fruit
holder was fixed on the main handle 10 cm above the stalk
cutter, because there should be at least 10 cm length of stalk
remained for postharvest handling of fruit (Department of
Agriculture, 2015).According to the Royal University of
Bhutan 2006, the average fruit height is 30 cm. Therefore,
the picker was fixed on the main frame as 17 cm above the
fruit holder in order to increase the picker stability. The
Figure. 02 shows the components and the dimensions of the
fruit picker before operating and after operating.
(a) (b)
Figure 02: (a) Fruit picker before operating (b) Fruit
picker after operating.
The stalk cutter was designed to separate the fruit from the
plant by cutting the stalk. Stalk cutter is consisted with a
movable blade (stainless steel, sharp and strong), blade
mounted frame, flexible cable, and springs. It is connected to
the handle at its lower end. The blade of the cutter was
mounted, and spring loaded on a light frame and connected
with an operating lever, which is at the operating end of the
handle so that the cutter can be operated remotely. A spring
has been used to return the blade to initial position after
cutting process is accomplished. Movable lengthofthe blade
is set as 30 mm as the average diameter of pineapple stalk is
25 mm(Food and Agricultural Organization,2013). The
Figure. 03 shows position of the blade before operating and
after operating the cutter.
Figure 03: (a) Position of the blade before operating
the cutter and (b) after operating the cutter.
Operating the fruit picker and stalk cutter can be done using
two separate levers at the operating end of the handle bythe
means of flexible cables. As a comparatively higher force is
required to operate the stalk cutter, a 200mmlengthleveris
fixed on to the handle from 300 mm apart from the fruit
picker operating lever. Flexible cables connectedwithlevers
are extending to the other points through the inside of the
handle.
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD42548 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 4 | May-June 2021 Page 1111
2.3. Material selection
As the material can affect for the quality and cost of the machine, the selection of the most suitable material for a design is one
of the difficult and important things of the whole process. The best material is one which serves the desired objective at the
minimum cost. According to Khurmi and Gupta, 2006, availability of the materials, suitability of the materials for the working
conditions, cost, durability,strength,corrosionresistance,lightness,flexibility,andworkabilitywereconsideredwhenselecting
the material. Therefore, galvanized steel, mild steel, stainless steel, flexible cables, and rubber grips were used in fabrication.
The table 01 gives the selected material and selection criteria for each component.
Table 01: Material and selection criteria for components
Component Criteria for selection Selected material
Handle Lightness, Strength, Corrosion resistance,Cost Galvanized Iron (GI) pipe
Fruit picker Availability, workability, strength, cost Mild steel
Fruit holder Availability, workability, strength, cost Mild steel
Fruit picker operating levers Availability, strength, cost Plastic
Stalk cutter operating lever Availability, workability, strength, cost Mild steel
Stalk cutter Strength, Lightness, Corrosion, and acidic reaction resistance Stainless steel
Stalk cutter frame Strength, cost, wear resistance and availability Mild steel
Grips Flexibility, strength, wear resistance, availability Rubber
2.4. Fastening methods
Ideally, a product design should reduce to a minimum number of parts requiring assembly(Timothy, 2004). However, the
fastening and assembly of several components is a necessityinmostsituations.Inthis design,permanent,semi-permanentand
removable fastening methods have been used and special attention has been drawn for removable fastening as this type
permits the parts to be readily dismantled without damaging the fastener.
2.5. Performance evaluation of the Pineapple harvesting device
The machine performances are important to know how well themachinedoesthejobtowhichitisdesignedfor,andwhetherit
is profitable or not. Field capacity and field efficiency are two factors which measure the machine or equipmentperformances
(Roth, 1975).Performance of the mechanical pineapple harvesting device was evaluated compared to the manual harvesting
(harvesting with pineapple knife) in some selected pineapple cultivations in Kurunegala district of Sri Lanka. Six male and six
female laborers were involved in evaluation of both harvesting methods in single row and double row pineapple cultivation
systems with five replicates. Average time taken to harvest and collect one fruit, number of fruits harvested in 1 hour,number
of damage fruits, number of damage leaves and injuries happened to operators were recorded. The Three factor factorial
experimental design with the factors of gender, types of harvesting and cultivation pattern was used for this study. Analysisof
variance (ANOVA) was performed with 2 levels (male and female) of factor 1, 2 levels (machine and manual) of factor 2 and 2
levels (single row and double row) factor 3. Mean separation was done using Tukey’s mean separation procedure. Twenty
operators as 10 males and 10 females (including those who involvedinevaluation) weredirectedtooperatethemachineinthe
field for sufficient time duration and feedback of all the operatorswascollectedusinga pre-testedquestionnaire.Commentson
the easiness, appearance, user friendliness and affordability were recorded and summarized.
Determination of average time taken to harvest one fruit
Each laborer involved in evaluation process was directed to harvest ten fruits continuously and collect them into a one place.
Total expended time was recorded, and average time was calculated.
Determination of theoretical and actual capacities
The capacity of a machine is the amount of production gains within a specific time. It could be expressed as actually and
theoretically. Theoretical capacity measures the total time (t) taken to harvest a single fruit and it is expressed by number of
fruits can be harvested within one hour. Actual capacity measures the actual number of pineapple fruits harvested within an
hour. Further, the actual capacity measures the performance of a machine under actual field conditions. Time taken to move
from one place to another, unloading, adjustments, resting and other time losses were considered(Roth,1975).
Actual number of fruits harvested and collected within onehour
Determination of efficiency
Efficiency of a machine gives an idea about wasted time during the work. It is calculated as apercentage (Roth, 1975).
Determination of fruit damages and leaves damages
Damaged fruit percentage and number of damaged leaves were calculated using recorded data.
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3. Results and discussion
After several trails, a complete, simple, and successful prototype ofharvesting device was fabricated to harvest mature
pineapple fruits conveniently. The total production cost of the harvesting device was LKR 12,500.00 including all thematerial
and labor cost.
When operating the mechanical device, the operator has to hold the device by both hands and the fruit holder and the cutter
should be used to grasp the stalk of the pineapple fruit. Thenthe fruit should betightlykeptbythefruitpicker.Atthesametime,
the cutter should be operated by the cutter operating lever to detach the stalk. The separated fruit should be lifted and placed
on another place by releasing the gripper operating lever.
The fabricated harvesting device is shown by following Plate01 and some major componentsareshown byPlate02,03and04.
Plate 01: Fabricated Pineapple harvesting device.
3.1. Specifications of the mechanical harvester
Several specifications of the newly introduce Pineapple harvesting device are given by Table 01.
Table 02: Specifications of the Pineapple harvesting device
Parameter Value
Length of the handle 2000mm
Total weight 2.6 kg
Gap between fruit picker and the stalk holder 170mm
Gap between fruit holder and stalk cutter 120mm
Maximum gap between picker arms 220mm
Gap between stalk holder’s arms 30mm
Angle of the stalk cutter 350
3.2. Theoretical Harvesting Capacity (THC), Actual Harvesting Capacity (AHC) and Harvesting Efficiency (HE)
Theoretical harvesting capacity, actual harvesting capacity and harvesting efficiency of both harvesting methods for each
operator were calculated separately for single row and double row cultivations. Following table 03, showsthemean valuesfor
both male and female operators.
Plate 02: Stalk cutter of Pineapple
harvesting device
Plate 03: Cutter
operating lever of
Pineapple harvesting
device
Plate 04: Fruit picker operating
lever of Pineapple harvesting device
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Table 03: Theoretical harvesting capacity, Actual harvesting capacity and Harvesting Efficiency of manual
harvesting and mechanical harvesting
Gender Parameter
Manual Harvesting Mechanical Harvesting
Single row
cultivation
Double row
cultivation
Single row
cultivation
Double row
cultivation
Male
THC (Fruits h-1) 327 327 450 450
AHC (Fruits h-1) 235 210 343 385
E (%) 71.8 64.2 76.2 84.4
Female
THC (Fruits h-1) 300 300 400 400
AHC (Fruits h-1) 195 162 295 331
E (%) 65.0 54 73.7 82.7
Harvesting capacities
The results of the three-way ANOVA revealed that, the main effectsofgender,typeofharvestingandcroppingpatternonactual
harvesting capacity was significantly different (p<0.05). According to theresults,theactual meanharvestingcapacitiesofmale
labors in single raw cultivation systems were 343.17 ± 2.63 fruits h-1with machine and 235.00 ± 1.78 fruits h-1 manual method
while the actual harvesting capacities on double raw cultivations were 384.50 ±2.07 fruits h-1 with machine and 210.67±1.86
fruits h-1 with manual method. In addition to that, the actual mean harvesting capacities of female labors on single raw
cultivation were 294.83±1.83 fruits h-1 with machine and 194.67±1.63 fruits h-1 manual method while the actual harvesting
capacities on double raw cultivations were 330.83 ±.98 fruits h-1 withmachineand162.33±2.33fruitsh-1 withmanual method.
It has been proven that, the machine has shown significant performances compared to the manual harvesting. According to
Jayasiri, et al., 2014, the actual capacity of a manually operated pineapple harvester was recorded as 0.03 hah-1 and there was
not any significant deferent between manual harvesting and the mechanical harvesting. Therefore, the harvesting capacity of
the mechanical device of this study is satisfied. Figure 04. shows the main effects on actual harvesting capacity.
Figure 04: Main effects on actual harvesting capacity (a) male labours, (b) female labour.
The columns with different letters are statistically significant
The harvesting capacity of male is higher than female in both singleanddouble rowcultivationsystemsandinbothmechanical
and manual methods. It seems that, comparativelyhigherphysical strengthofmalehasbeenaffectedforthis.AccordingtoMba,
2019, hired women often engage in pineapple harvesting worldwide. Therefore,itisveryimportanttogetinvolved thewomen
in the performance evaluation of the mechanical harvester. A drastic drop of actual capacity was observed moving from
machine to manual harvesting method in double raw in comparison to single raw cultivations. The reason was lesser moving
and turning times for harvesting in double raw cultivations in comparison to the single raw cultivations since, the two plant
rows were kept adjacent.Manual harvesting of pineapple in double row cultivationisdifficultthansinglerowcultivationasthe
high plant density disturb to move from place to place. Improper management of pineapple plantationsisalsoa reasonforthis
difficulty. But, in mechanical method both male and female have shown higher harvesting capacities in double row systems
compare to the single row systems as the mechanical harvester facilitate to harvest number of fruits from a one place without
moving.
Moreover, the interaction effects of gender & type of harvesting, gender & cropping pattern, and cropping pattern & type of
harvesting were significantly different (P<0.05). The interaction plots were shown in the figure 2.
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Figure 05: Interaction effects of (a) Gender and Cropping pattern,
(b) Cropping pattern and type of harvesting, (c) Gender and Type of harvesting.
Harvesting efficiency
The results of the three-way ANOVA revealed that, the main effects of gender, type of harvesting and cropping pattern on
harvesting efficiency was significantly different (p<0.05). Figure 3. shows the main effects on harvesting efficiencies.
Figure 06: Main effects on harvesting efficiency (a) male labours, (b) female labour.
The bars with different letters are statistically significant.
In double row cultivation, the machine has shown a comparatively higher efficiency since the machine facilitates to harvest
many fruits at a one place in double row cultivation.
According to the table 03, average time taken to harvest and collect one fruit is comparatively lower in manual methodsothat
theoretical capacities of manual method for both single and double row cultivations are higher than mechanical method. But
actual capacities of both male and female are higher in mechanical methodirrespective tothecultivationpattern.Thatisdueto
the ability of harvesting number of fruits (more than 25) at a one place reduce the walkingdistanceandavoidthedisturbances
of the field. In manual method, operator has to move plant to plant overcoming the disturbances creatingbyhighplantdensity
and spiny leaves. It is very clear that, in double row cultivation, actual capacities of both male andfemalearelowerthanthatof
the single row cultivation as plant density of double row cultivation is very higher than single row cultivation.
Efficiency of mechanical harvesting is considerably higher than manual harvesting irrespective to the gender and cultivation
pattern. As the theoretical capacities are higher and actual capacities are lower in manual method, efficiencies have been
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lowered. Higher efficiencies of mechanical method reflect that, time wastage of mechanical method is lower than manual
method.
There is a significant difference (p>0.05) in actual capacities and efficiencies of manual harvesting and mechanical harvesting
methods. As well as, there is a significant difference (p>0.05) between male and female in actual capacity and efficiency of
mechanical method. It reflects that, male can easily operate the harvesting device than female.
3.3. Damaged fruits, leaves and injuries caused to operators.
All the damages happened to the fruits, leaves and operators were considered and recorded. Following table 04 shows the
recorded data at the evaluation process.
Table 04: Damaged fruits, leaves and injuries caused to operators.
Parameter Manual Method Mechanical Device
Damaged fruits (%) 3 0
Damaged leaves (Leaves/ Acre) 425 106
Injuries caused to operators 0 0
Any crushed or cut leaf or fruit during the harvesting operationwasconsideredasa damagedleaforfruit.Accordingtothedata
given by the table03, five fruits damages and several leaves damages have been recordedinmanual method.Butin mechanical
methods, there was not any damage for fruits but several damages for leaves have been recorded. When the pineappleknifeis
been used for harvesting, some damages can be happenedduetothesharpnessanduncontrolledcutting.Whenthemechanical
device is used, due to the size of the cutter and other components of the device, leaves can be damaged. But the leaves damage
of the mechanical device is very lower than the manual method. As the operators involved for the evaluation process were
asked to wear fully protective cloths including boots, gloves, trousers and long sleeves shirts, no injuries for operators were
recorded.
3.4. User feedback on the machine
Summary of the user feedback is given in Table 5.
Table 05: Summery of user feedback
Very good Good Satisfactory Bad Very bad
M F M F M F M F M F
Convenience of operation 50% 20% - 20% - 10% - -
Weight of the machine 50% 10% - 20% - 10% - 10% -
Overall performance of the machine 40% 20% 10% 30% - - -
Appearance of the product 50% 30% - 20% - - -
Overall product quality 40% 35% 10% 5% - 10% - -
Safety 50% 25% - 25% - 5% - -
Dissembling of the machine 40% - 10% 20% - 30% - -
Affordability of the machine 40% 35% - 25% - - -
M- male operator, F- female operator
Involvement of users in development of a usable machine or a system is very important to reach the end-users’ expectations
(Karat, 1997; Sari, 2003). In compliance with the feedback summary, male operators are more satisfied with all the aspects
considered in the questionnaire survey compared to the female operators. Although, most of the operators irrespective tothe
gender have responded positively on each aspect, attention should be paid to improve more to satisfy the users especially by
reducing the weight and improving the convenience of operation.
4. Conclusions
In Sri Lanka, the manual harvesting is practiced due to the
unavailability of any effective and affordable mechanical
method for pineapple harvesting. Therefore, in the effort of
introducing a new mechanical method for harvesting of
pineapple, this newharvestingdevicehasshownsatisfactory
results with both male and female labors with the capacities
of 385 fruits h-1and 331fruits h-1respectively in double row
cultivated fields under nearly 84% efficiency. Even in single
row cultivated fields, the mechanical device has shown
marvelous results compared to the manual method. As the
capacities of the device for both male and female were
higher than the manual method, it can be concluded that, a
special skill to operate the deviceisnotrequired.Since,there
is a significant difference between male and female in actual
capacity and efficiency, it can be concluded that, male can
convenientlyoperatethedevicethanfemale.Requiredforces
to operate the levers and weight of the device should be
reduced to make the operation convenient for female too.
When the recommended protective cloths are used when
harvesting, both methods are safe for operators. Damages
for fruits and leaves can be minimized when the mechanical
method is used and it can be concludedthat,thepost-harvest
losses of pineapple can be reduced by newly introduced
mechanical device. As the total production cost is very low
(LKR 12,500.00), the mechanical harvesting device is
affordable even for small scale farmers. The performance of
the mechanical device can be further improved by
introducing a lightweight motorized cutter.
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