The rising need for bandwidth created innumerable efforts from academic and industry group towards development of most efficient optical communication networks. In order to compete it numerous investigators have designed their own novel schemes. In this view the paper presents multiple modulation dense wavelength division multiplexed transmission designed links each with a total capacity of 640Gbps and with channel to channel to spacing of 100Ghz, employing multiple modulation schemes such as non return to zero rectangular, non return to zero raised cosine, return to zero rectangular, non return to zero raised cosine, return to zero soliton, return to zero Super Gaussian. The optical transmission performance characteristics like bit error rate, Q parameter at the output have been investigated by simulating different systems for a fixed transmission length of 260kilometers. Results show that transmission performance of DWDM system with non return to zero raised cosine scheme has been better with quality factor ranging from 16 to 23dB and bit error rate ranging from 10-11 to 10-40 for detected channels at selected transmission reach (260KM) and other schemes with good performance were RZ Super Guassian DWDM and RZ Soliton DWDM systems for the same transmission reach. The transmission parameter jitter have been also investigated for each system which depict that jitter effect is more severe for return to zero systems as compared to non return to zero DWDM systems. From the performance analysis for different optical links involving different modulation schemes it can be articulated that novel modulation scheme generally improves the transmission performance and must for modern optical communication systems operating at high bit rate and longer reach.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Abstract: The growing demand on wireless communication service has created the necessity to support higher data rates for multimedia services. .As next generation wireless communication networks are expected to provide broadband multimedia services such as voice, web browsing, video conferencing etc. For high data rate achievement one must enhance the capacity of the wireless communication system. The capacity of a communication system can be enhanced by using OFDM system. OFDM is commonly used for communication system due to its high transmission rate and robustness against multipath fading So as to enhance the capacity of fading channels the OFDM system are combined to form hybrid system. Capacity is the measure of maximum information that can be transmitted reliably over a channel. This paper review on different channel capacity enhancement techniques used in OFDM system is SVD (Singular Value Decomposition), water Filling algorithm.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
SIMULATIVE INVESTIGATION OF SINGLE-TONE ROF SYSTEM USING VARIOUS DUOBINARY MO...optljjournal
In this paper, the performance of single-tone Radio over Fiber (RoF) system has been analyzed by employing different duobinary modulation formats. This single-tone RoF system has been modeled and analyzed using OptiSystem (14.0) software. To evaluate the transmission performance of RoF system, various performance metrics such as Q-factor, BER, and Eye Height are considered. Simulation results indicate that duobinary Hyperbolic-Secant pulse generator format with Single Drive Mach-Zehnder modulator provides better Q-factor and minimum BER as compared to existing modulation format in RoF system.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Abstract: The growing demand on wireless communication service has created the necessity to support higher data rates for multimedia services. .As next generation wireless communication networks are expected to provide broadband multimedia services such as voice, web browsing, video conferencing etc. For high data rate achievement one must enhance the capacity of the wireless communication system. The capacity of a communication system can be enhanced by using OFDM system. OFDM is commonly used for communication system due to its high transmission rate and robustness against multipath fading So as to enhance the capacity of fading channels the OFDM system are combined to form hybrid system. Capacity is the measure of maximum information that can be transmitted reliably over a channel. This paper review on different channel capacity enhancement techniques used in OFDM system is SVD (Singular Value Decomposition), water Filling algorithm.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
SIMULATIVE INVESTIGATION OF SINGLE-TONE ROF SYSTEM USING VARIOUS DUOBINARY MO...optljjournal
In this paper, the performance of single-tone Radio over Fiber (RoF) system has been analyzed by employing different duobinary modulation formats. This single-tone RoF system has been modeled and analyzed using OptiSystem (14.0) software. To evaluate the transmission performance of RoF system, various performance metrics such as Q-factor, BER, and Eye Height are considered. Simulation results indicate that duobinary Hyperbolic-Secant pulse generator format with Single Drive Mach-Zehnder modulator provides better Q-factor and minimum BER as compared to existing modulation format in RoF system.
Single Mode Optical Fiber in Rof System Using DWDMIJERA Editor
Performance analysis was carried out to find the effect of crosstalk in a WDM system. Firstly, analysis of BER
was carried out without crosstalk. Then analysis of BER with crosstalk was done. Using equation for crosstalk,
number of channels was plotted using matlab. System parameters were optimized for a particular crosstalk.
Objective of the thesis work
Performance Analysis is carried out to find the effect of crosstalk due to optical cross connect in a DWDM
system considering a WDM based optical cross connect (OXC). An analysis is carried out to find the amount of
crosstalk due to OXC. The bit error rate performance degradation due to crosstalk is evaluated for OXC
parameter and number of wavelengths per fiber. The optimum parameters such as optimum number of channels
and hops are determined.
Integrated DWDM and MIMO-OFDM System for 4G High Capacity Mobile Communicatio...CSCJournals
Dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) technique is a very promising data transmission technology for utilizing the capacity of the fiber. By DWDM, multiple signals (video, audio, data etc) staggered in wavelength domain can be multiplexed and transmitted down the same fiber. The Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless technology in combination with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) is an attractive air-interface solution for next-generation wireless local area networks (WLANs) and fourth-generation mobile cellular wireless systems. This article provides an overview of the integrated DWDM MIMO-OFDM technology and focuses on DWDM transmitter design with adequate dispersion compensation for high data rate of 10Gbps ,MIMO-OFDM system design, space-time coded signaling, receiver design and performance analysis in terms of bit error rate for Integrated system. The simulation is carried out using powerful software tools Optisystem and MATLAB . In this paper a 64 channel DWDM system is simulated for transmission of baseband NRZ signal over fiber. Each of the transmission is at bit rate of 10 Gbps leading to high data rate transmission of 640 Gbps.The resultant Bit Error Rate(BER) is in the range 10-12 for DWDM system which is given as input to MIMO-OFDM system..This system performance is analyzed in terms of BER with SNR for Rayleigh, and AWGN channels and BER of 10-4 is achieved at SNR of 10dbs
Performance Analysis of Wireless Networks With MDQOSIJERA Editor
In Wireless/Mobile networks various kinds of encoding schemes were used for transmission of data over a bandwidth. The desired quality and generated traffic varies with the requirement with this bandwidth. A generic video telephony may require more than 40 kbps whereas a low motion video telephony may require about 25 kbps for data transmission. From the designing point of view these requirements demands for an alternative resource planning, especially for bandwidth allocation in wireless networks. In wireless network where bandwidth is a scare resource, the system may need to block incoming user if all of the bandwidth has been used to provide highest quality of service to existing users. However this bandwidth resource planning may be unacceptable for larger application. A degradable approach to multiple users can be made on bandwidth allocation to reduce the blocking probability without degrading the quality of service to existing users.
This work aims towards a realization of a wireless/mobile network using W-CDMA multi access technique supporting multilevel quality of services. The bandwidth allocation to multiple users is adjusted dynamically according to the required network condition so as to increase bandwidth utilization. The work analyze the performance deriving the degradation period ratio, mean degradation time and degradation state for the implemented wireless network.The proposed work is aim to implement on Matlab tool for its functional verification considering various mobility patterns
Performance Analysis of Ultra Wideband Communication SystemEditor IJMTER
Ultra-Wideband (UWB) is a radio transmission scheme that uses extremely low power
pulses of radio energy spread across a wide spectrum of frequencies. UWB has several advantages
over conventional continuous wave radio communications including potential support for high data
rates, robustness to multipath interference and fading. The paper covers Ultra Wide-Band
technology. General description, Challenges, various modulation schemes such as OOK, PAM,
PPM, and BPSK under specified Ultra Wide Band regimes: low Power spectral density, large
spreading ratio and a highly dispersive channel. The capacity and BER performance of a single user
ultra wideband communication is investigated for various modulation schemes and coded, uncoded
methods also simulated. Fading channel like Ricean and Rayleigh are compared. Channelized digital
receiver concept is discussed.
A mitigation of channel crosstalk effect in dispersion shifted fiber based on...IJECEIAES
In fiber optics the Four Wave Mixing (FWM) has the harmful effect of an optical transmission system that can severely limit Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) and reduce the transmission aptness. This work preset the durability of the different modulation format was tested to FWM by using Dispersion Shifted Fiber (DSF). Moreover, the performance of the proposed system is surveyed by changing the fiber length and applying an information rate of 200 Gb/s. The experimental results show that the FWM capacity has decreased significantly by more than 14 dB when applying Return to Zero (RZ) modulation form. In addition, in terms of the propsed system performance in the first channel and with 700 km distance, it was observed that the lower Bit Error Rate (BER) in the normal RZ modulation is equal to 1.3×10 -13 . As well as it is noticeable when applied the Non Return to Zero (NRZ), the Modified Duobinary Return to Zero (MDRZ) and Gaussian modulation, the system performance will be quickly changed and getting worse, where the BERs increased to 1.3×10 consecutively at same channel and for the same parameters. -4 , 1.3×10 -6 and 1.3×10 -2
Integrated Optical Wireless Network For Next Generation Wireless SystemsCSCJournals
Next generation wireless networks need to support broadband wireless services at significantly reduced cost. The existing wireless systems can hardly provide transmission capacity of the order of few Mbps. However, millimeter waves and optical fiber can provide data capacity of the order of Gbps and Tbps respectively. Hence the requirements of broadband wireless system can be achieved through the integration of optical fiber and millimeter wireless systems. We suggest modified millimeter wireless system, with optical fiber as feeder network. Simulations have been carried out for AWGN and optical fiber channels using MATLAB code, so as to compare their individual performance. When compared it is observed that the performance of multimode optical fiber (MMOF) link even for distance of 80 KM is better than that of the AWGN channel with SNR of 50 dB and above. Hence, an integrated fiber radio network is an excellent cost effective media for higher data rate (>100Mbps).
Mobility and Propagation Models in Multi-hop Cognitive Radio Networksszhb
Cognitive radio networks allow unlicensed
(secondary) users to opportunistically utilize the idle
resource of a licensed network for communication
without affecting the quality of service being offered to
the primary or licensed users. This paper investigates
the effect of mobility on performance of multi-hop
cognitive radio network under various propagation
models. MPEG4 video; a bandwidth intensive traffic, is
tested over these network conditions for secondary
users and results are validated using NS2 simulations.
Performance metrics used for evaluation include
throughput, delay variations etc.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
The peer-reviewed International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) is started with a mission to encourage contribution to research in Science and Technology. Encourage and motivate researchers in challenging areas of Sciences and Technology.
A STUDY ON QUANTITATIVE PARAMETERS OF SPECTRUM HANDOFF IN COGNITIVE RADIO NET...ijwmn
The innovation of wireless technologies requires dynamic allocation of spectrum band in an efficient
manner. This has been achieved by Cognitive Radio (CR) networks which allow unlicensed users to make
use of free licensed spectrum, when the licensed users are kept away from that spectrum. The cognitive
radio makes decision, switching from primary user to secondary user and vice-versa, based on its built-in
interference engine. It allows secondary users to makes use of a channel based on its availability i.e. on the
absence of the primary user and they should vacate the channel once the primary user re-enters and
continue their communication on another available channel and this process in the cognitive radio is
known as spectrum mobility. The main objective of spectrum mobility is that, there is no interruption
caused due to the channel occupied by secondary users and maintains a good quality of service. In order to
achieve better spectrum mobility, it is mandatory to choose an effective spectrum handoff strategy with the
capability of predicting spectrum mobility. The handoff strategy with its parameters and its impact is an
important concept in spectrum mobility but fairly explored. In this paper an empirical study on quantitative
parameters involved in spectrum mobility prediction are discussed in detail. These parameters are studied
extensively because they play a vital role in the spectrum handoff process moreover the impact of these
parameters in various handoff methods can be used to predict the effectiveness of the system.
Arbeidsmarketing voor flexibele medewerkers | influx14Recruiting Academy
(Door Annemarie Stel | Wervingsvisie.nl
Bij de vraag hoe organisaties zichzelf en het werk binnen de organisatie ‘verkopen’, gaat het lang niet meer alleen om het aanspreken van de traditionele ‘vaste medewerkers’. Een veelheid aan tijdelijk en/of flexibel personeel, zoals uitzendkrachten, payrollers, ZZP’ers, interimmers, maakt de ‘workforce’ steeds veelvormiger, evenals het soort werk: van vaste baan tot kortere of langere klus.
Deze presentatie is te downloaden op de site van Recruiting Academy, via: http://www.recruitingacademy.nl/influx-vakevent-voor-arbeidsmarktprofessionals/
(Door Yuri van Helten | Cofely)
Het gebruik van talentpools binnen recruitment kent wisselende successen. Toch heeft het gebruik van talentpools grote voordelen. Tijdens deze presentatie laat Yuri van Helten zien hoe hij op succesvolle wijze talentpools introduceerde binnen Cofely. Zijn geheim; een CRM strategie voor talentpools.Yuri zal ingaan op vragen als hoe selecteer je kandidaten voor talentpools?
Deze presentatie is te downloaden op de site van Recruiting Academy, via: http://www.recruitingacademy.nl/influx-vakevent-voor-arbeidsmarktprofessionals/
techInvestigation of closed loop current control strategies for bridgeless in...elelijjournal
This paper presents current control strategies for a novel Bridgeless Interleaved SEPIC PFC Converter to regulate power factor correction. The strategies discussed in this paper are peak current control, Average current control and Non-Linear carrier control. Simulation work has been carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The performance parameter of the converter is compared under open loop and closed loop conditions. Based on the results, the input current is observed to be close to sinusoidal implying a low harmonic profile and high power factor.
Single Mode Optical Fiber in Rof System Using DWDMIJERA Editor
Performance analysis was carried out to find the effect of crosstalk in a WDM system. Firstly, analysis of BER
was carried out without crosstalk. Then analysis of BER with crosstalk was done. Using equation for crosstalk,
number of channels was plotted using matlab. System parameters were optimized for a particular crosstalk.
Objective of the thesis work
Performance Analysis is carried out to find the effect of crosstalk due to optical cross connect in a DWDM
system considering a WDM based optical cross connect (OXC). An analysis is carried out to find the amount of
crosstalk due to OXC. The bit error rate performance degradation due to crosstalk is evaluated for OXC
parameter and number of wavelengths per fiber. The optimum parameters such as optimum number of channels
and hops are determined.
Integrated DWDM and MIMO-OFDM System for 4G High Capacity Mobile Communicatio...CSCJournals
Dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) technique is a very promising data transmission technology for utilizing the capacity of the fiber. By DWDM, multiple signals (video, audio, data etc) staggered in wavelength domain can be multiplexed and transmitted down the same fiber. The Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless technology in combination with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) is an attractive air-interface solution for next-generation wireless local area networks (WLANs) and fourth-generation mobile cellular wireless systems. This article provides an overview of the integrated DWDM MIMO-OFDM technology and focuses on DWDM transmitter design with adequate dispersion compensation for high data rate of 10Gbps ,MIMO-OFDM system design, space-time coded signaling, receiver design and performance analysis in terms of bit error rate for Integrated system. The simulation is carried out using powerful software tools Optisystem and MATLAB . In this paper a 64 channel DWDM system is simulated for transmission of baseband NRZ signal over fiber. Each of the transmission is at bit rate of 10 Gbps leading to high data rate transmission of 640 Gbps.The resultant Bit Error Rate(BER) is in the range 10-12 for DWDM system which is given as input to MIMO-OFDM system..This system performance is analyzed in terms of BER with SNR for Rayleigh, and AWGN channels and BER of 10-4 is achieved at SNR of 10dbs
Performance Analysis of Wireless Networks With MDQOSIJERA Editor
In Wireless/Mobile networks various kinds of encoding schemes were used for transmission of data over a bandwidth. The desired quality and generated traffic varies with the requirement with this bandwidth. A generic video telephony may require more than 40 kbps whereas a low motion video telephony may require about 25 kbps for data transmission. From the designing point of view these requirements demands for an alternative resource planning, especially for bandwidth allocation in wireless networks. In wireless network where bandwidth is a scare resource, the system may need to block incoming user if all of the bandwidth has been used to provide highest quality of service to existing users. However this bandwidth resource planning may be unacceptable for larger application. A degradable approach to multiple users can be made on bandwidth allocation to reduce the blocking probability without degrading the quality of service to existing users.
This work aims towards a realization of a wireless/mobile network using W-CDMA multi access technique supporting multilevel quality of services. The bandwidth allocation to multiple users is adjusted dynamically according to the required network condition so as to increase bandwidth utilization. The work analyze the performance deriving the degradation period ratio, mean degradation time and degradation state for the implemented wireless network.The proposed work is aim to implement on Matlab tool for its functional verification considering various mobility patterns
Performance Analysis of Ultra Wideband Communication SystemEditor IJMTER
Ultra-Wideband (UWB) is a radio transmission scheme that uses extremely low power
pulses of radio energy spread across a wide spectrum of frequencies. UWB has several advantages
over conventional continuous wave radio communications including potential support for high data
rates, robustness to multipath interference and fading. The paper covers Ultra Wide-Band
technology. General description, Challenges, various modulation schemes such as OOK, PAM,
PPM, and BPSK under specified Ultra Wide Band regimes: low Power spectral density, large
spreading ratio and a highly dispersive channel. The capacity and BER performance of a single user
ultra wideband communication is investigated for various modulation schemes and coded, uncoded
methods also simulated. Fading channel like Ricean and Rayleigh are compared. Channelized digital
receiver concept is discussed.
A mitigation of channel crosstalk effect in dispersion shifted fiber based on...IJECEIAES
In fiber optics the Four Wave Mixing (FWM) has the harmful effect of an optical transmission system that can severely limit Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) and reduce the transmission aptness. This work preset the durability of the different modulation format was tested to FWM by using Dispersion Shifted Fiber (DSF). Moreover, the performance of the proposed system is surveyed by changing the fiber length and applying an information rate of 200 Gb/s. The experimental results show that the FWM capacity has decreased significantly by more than 14 dB when applying Return to Zero (RZ) modulation form. In addition, in terms of the propsed system performance in the first channel and with 700 km distance, it was observed that the lower Bit Error Rate (BER) in the normal RZ modulation is equal to 1.3×10 -13 . As well as it is noticeable when applied the Non Return to Zero (NRZ), the Modified Duobinary Return to Zero (MDRZ) and Gaussian modulation, the system performance will be quickly changed and getting worse, where the BERs increased to 1.3×10 consecutively at same channel and for the same parameters. -4 , 1.3×10 -6 and 1.3×10 -2
Integrated Optical Wireless Network For Next Generation Wireless SystemsCSCJournals
Next generation wireless networks need to support broadband wireless services at significantly reduced cost. The existing wireless systems can hardly provide transmission capacity of the order of few Mbps. However, millimeter waves and optical fiber can provide data capacity of the order of Gbps and Tbps respectively. Hence the requirements of broadband wireless system can be achieved through the integration of optical fiber and millimeter wireless systems. We suggest modified millimeter wireless system, with optical fiber as feeder network. Simulations have been carried out for AWGN and optical fiber channels using MATLAB code, so as to compare their individual performance. When compared it is observed that the performance of multimode optical fiber (MMOF) link even for distance of 80 KM is better than that of the AWGN channel with SNR of 50 dB and above. Hence, an integrated fiber radio network is an excellent cost effective media for higher data rate (>100Mbps).
Mobility and Propagation Models in Multi-hop Cognitive Radio Networksszhb
Cognitive radio networks allow unlicensed
(secondary) users to opportunistically utilize the idle
resource of a licensed network for communication
without affecting the quality of service being offered to
the primary or licensed users. This paper investigates
the effect of mobility on performance of multi-hop
cognitive radio network under various propagation
models. MPEG4 video; a bandwidth intensive traffic, is
tested over these network conditions for secondary
users and results are validated using NS2 simulations.
Performance metrics used for evaluation include
throughput, delay variations etc.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
The peer-reviewed International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) is started with a mission to encourage contribution to research in Science and Technology. Encourage and motivate researchers in challenging areas of Sciences and Technology.
A STUDY ON QUANTITATIVE PARAMETERS OF SPECTRUM HANDOFF IN COGNITIVE RADIO NET...ijwmn
The innovation of wireless technologies requires dynamic allocation of spectrum band in an efficient
manner. This has been achieved by Cognitive Radio (CR) networks which allow unlicensed users to make
use of free licensed spectrum, when the licensed users are kept away from that spectrum. The cognitive
radio makes decision, switching from primary user to secondary user and vice-versa, based on its built-in
interference engine. It allows secondary users to makes use of a channel based on its availability i.e. on the
absence of the primary user and they should vacate the channel once the primary user re-enters and
continue their communication on another available channel and this process in the cognitive radio is
known as spectrum mobility. The main objective of spectrum mobility is that, there is no interruption
caused due to the channel occupied by secondary users and maintains a good quality of service. In order to
achieve better spectrum mobility, it is mandatory to choose an effective spectrum handoff strategy with the
capability of predicting spectrum mobility. The handoff strategy with its parameters and its impact is an
important concept in spectrum mobility but fairly explored. In this paper an empirical study on quantitative
parameters involved in spectrum mobility prediction are discussed in detail. These parameters are studied
extensively because they play a vital role in the spectrum handoff process moreover the impact of these
parameters in various handoff methods can be used to predict the effectiveness of the system.
Arbeidsmarketing voor flexibele medewerkers | influx14Recruiting Academy
(Door Annemarie Stel | Wervingsvisie.nl
Bij de vraag hoe organisaties zichzelf en het werk binnen de organisatie ‘verkopen’, gaat het lang niet meer alleen om het aanspreken van de traditionele ‘vaste medewerkers’. Een veelheid aan tijdelijk en/of flexibel personeel, zoals uitzendkrachten, payrollers, ZZP’ers, interimmers, maakt de ‘workforce’ steeds veelvormiger, evenals het soort werk: van vaste baan tot kortere of langere klus.
Deze presentatie is te downloaden op de site van Recruiting Academy, via: http://www.recruitingacademy.nl/influx-vakevent-voor-arbeidsmarktprofessionals/
(Door Yuri van Helten | Cofely)
Het gebruik van talentpools binnen recruitment kent wisselende successen. Toch heeft het gebruik van talentpools grote voordelen. Tijdens deze presentatie laat Yuri van Helten zien hoe hij op succesvolle wijze talentpools introduceerde binnen Cofely. Zijn geheim; een CRM strategie voor talentpools.Yuri zal ingaan op vragen als hoe selecteer je kandidaten voor talentpools?
Deze presentatie is te downloaden op de site van Recruiting Academy, via: http://www.recruitingacademy.nl/influx-vakevent-voor-arbeidsmarktprofessionals/
techInvestigation of closed loop current control strategies for bridgeless in...elelijjournal
This paper presents current control strategies for a novel Bridgeless Interleaved SEPIC PFC Converter to regulate power factor correction. The strategies discussed in this paper are peak current control, Average current control and Non-Linear carrier control. Simulation work has been carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The performance parameter of the converter is compared under open loop and closed loop conditions. Based on the results, the input current is observed to be close to sinusoidal implying a low harmonic profile and high power factor.
Power system transient stability margin estimation using artificial neural ne...elelijjournal
This paper presents a methodology for estimating the normalized transient stability margin by using the multilayered perceptron (MLP) neural network. The complex relationship between the input variables and output variables is established by using the neural networks. The nonlinear mapping relation between the normalized transient stability margin and the operating conditions of the power system is established by using the MLP neural network. To obtain the training set of the neural network the potential energy boundary surface (PEBS) method along with time domain simulation method is used. The proposed method is applied on IEEE 9 bus system and the results shows that the proposed method provides fast and accurate tool to assess online transient stability.
(Door Patrick Boonstra)
Bij social recruitment denken we tegenwoordig vooral aan Linkedin, Twitter of Facebook. Zo zitten we uiteindelijk toch weer allemaal in diezelfde vijver te vissen. Door slimme inzichten uit de Big Data van het héle online speelveld (dus ook niche blogs, of nerden-forums) te halen kun je gerichter die diamantjes uit de arbeidsmarkt vissen.
Deze presentatie is te downloaden op de site van Recruiting Academy, via: http://www.recruitingacademy.nl/influx-vakevent-voor-arbeidsmarktprofessionals/
(Door Mitchell van Koert | Achmea)
Na de succesvolle lancering van de corporate Arbeidsmarktcampagne ligt voor Achmea de komende jaren de focus voornamelijk op het bereiken van strategische doelgroepen. Ondanks dat Achmea de komende jaren gaat krimpen in het aantal werknemers blijft er ook de komende jaren druk staan op bepaalde cruciale doelgroepen.Tijdens deze presentatie geeft Mitchell van Koert inzicht in het gehanteerde doelgroepmarketingbeleid.
Deze presentatie is te downloaden op de site van Recruiting Academy, via: http://www.recruitingacademy.nl/influx-vakevent-voor-arbeidsmarktprofessionals/
OPTIMAL LOCATION OF SVC FOR DYNAMIC STABILITY ENHANCEMENT BASED ON EIGENVALUE...elelijjournal
Power system stability enhancement via optimal location of SVC is thoroughly investigated in this paper.The performance analysis of SVC has been carried out for IEEE 14 bus system for enhancement of small signal stability and transient stability using Power system analysis tool box (PSAT) software. The effectiveness is demonstrated through the eigen-value analysis and nonlinear time-domain simulation.The results of these studies show that the proposed approach has an excellent capability to enhance the dynamic and transient stability of the power system
FAST VOLTAGE STABILTY INDEX BASED OPTIMAL REACTIVE POWER PLANNING USING DIFFE...elelijjournal
This Article presents an application of Fast Voltage Stability Index (FVSI) to Optimal Reactive Power
Planning (RPP) using Differential Evolution(DE). FVSI is used to identify the weak buses for the Reactive
Power Planning problem which involves process of experimental by voltage stability analysis based on the
load variation. The peak at Fast Voltage Stabilty Index secure to 1 indicates the greatest feasible connected
load and the bus with least connected load is identified as the weakest bus at the point of bifurcation. This technique is tested on the IEEE 30-bus system. The outcome confirm significant decrease in system losses and enhancementt of voltage stability with the use of Fast Voltage Stability Index based optimal Reactive Power Planning using Differential Evolution and compared with Evalutionary Programming
MUTUAL EFFECT BETWEEN LFC AND AVR LOOPS IN POWER PLANTelelijjournal
This paper is proposed to show the mutual interaction between of both LFC and the AVR loops. The coupling effects of these two AVR and LFC loops are studied by extending the linear zed AGC system and it include the excitation system also. For a complete system model we have to study the oscillation of LFC and AVR loops with PID CONTROLLERS. This combined model of LFC and AVR loops is tested on single-area power system. These results are shown in simulation; and will be reachable in dynamic and steady state responses [1][2].
Comparative study of methods for optimal reactive power dispatchelelijjournal
Reactive power dispatch plays a main role in order to provide good facility secure and economic operation
in the power system. In a power system optimal reactive power dispatch is supported to improve the voltage
profile, to reduce losses, to improve voltage stability, to reduce cost etc. This paper presents a brief literature survey of reactive power dispatch and also discusses a comparative study of conventional and evolutionary computation techniques applied for reactive power dispatch. The paper is useful for researchers for further research and study so that it can apply in the various areas of power system
techInvestigations with mode division multiplexed transmissionelelijjournal
This article presents proposed topology for mode division multiplexed link with SPDML and VCSEL, modulate electrical signal of 820nm wavelength. Transmission performance has been investigated for numerous modes, bit rates (2.5 to 10Gbps), transmission lengths of MMF (1 to 100km) and attenuation factor in conjunction with parabolic operational mode. Results illustrated successful performance up to nine modes in mode-division multiplexed transmission. Performance is improved at low data rates, illustrated higher OSNR with lower BER,-5dB attenuation factor. Though, at higher bit rate and longer
transmission length received OSNR is unsteady. It further inferred that transmission with large number of multiplexed modes result in degraded performance, augmented with minimization of mode coupling losses.Mode division multiplexed multimode optical communication can be a viable option for supplementary capacity augment in the preexisting and future fiber optic communication links.
Enhancing phase margin of ota using self biasingelelijjournal
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various performance metrics such as Q-factor, BER, and Eye Height are considered. Simulation results
indicate that duobinary Hyperbolic-Secant pulse generator format with Single Drive Mach-Zehnder
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important that have maximum bandwidth by using different multiple access
techniques. Optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) technique has
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Design and Performance Study of MMDWDM Systems
1. Electrical and Electronics Engineering: An International Journal (ELELIJ) Vol 3, No 1, February 2014
11
Design and Performance Study of MMDWDM
Systems
Devendra Kr,Tripathi, Pallavi Singh, N.K.Shukla and H.K.Dixit
Department of Electronics &Communication,
J.K.Institute of Applied Physics &Technology,
University of Allahabad
Allahabad, U.P, India
Abstract-The rising need for bandwidth created innumerable efforts from academic and industry group
towards development of most efficient optical communication networks. In order to compete it numerous
investigators have designed their own novel schemes. In this view the paper presents multiple modulation
dense wavelength division multiplexed transmission designed links each with a total capacity of 640Gbps
and with channel to channel to spacing of 100Ghz, employing multiple modulation schemes such as non
return to zero rectangular, non return to zero raised cosine, return to zero rectangular, non return to zero
raised cosine, return to zero soliton, return to zero Super Gaussian. The optical transmission performance
characteristics like bit error rate, Q parameter at the output have been investigated by simulating different
systems for a fixed transmission length of 260kilometers. Results show that transmission performance of
DWDM system with non return to zero raised cosine scheme has been better with quality factor ranging
from 16 to 23dB and bit error rate ranging from 10-11
to 10-40
for detected channels at selected
transmission reach (260KM) and other schemes with good performance were RZ Super Guassian DWDM
and RZ Soliton DWDM systems for the same transmission reach. The transmission parameter jitter have
been also investigated for each system which depict that jitter effect is more severe for return to zero
systems as compared to non return to zero DWDM systems. From the performance analysis for different
optical links involving different modulation schemes it can be articulated that novel modulation scheme
generally improves the transmission performance and must for modern optical communication systems
operating at high bit rate and longer reach.
Key words: Time division multiplexing (TDM), code division multiplexing (CDM), fiber optic
communication (FOC), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)
1. Introduction
Communication is the basic need of people since primordial days. People adopted numerous ways
of information sharing altogether. Together with development of human civilization from time to
time several eras of communication have been surpassed. The present era is of telecommunication
revolution and fiber-optic transmission is one of the most trustworthy schemes which have got
concentration due to development of fiber optic communication supporting devices. Now a day’s
fiber optic communication (FOC) is most customary and employed over worldwide for national,
intercontinental information and data transportation purposes. However with innovation of the
World Wide Web there is swift increase in multimedia services and the information traffic have
grown up exponentially. Thus it immediately provokes requirement for additional capacity data
networks[1].For that several capacity enhancing schemes have been devised involving
deployment of multichannel systems such as time division multiplexing(TDM), code division
multiplexing(CDM), frequency division multiplexing(FDM),sub carrier multiplexing(SCM),
orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM)and wavelength division
multiplexing(WDM).WDM is the method which employs multiple optical carriers at different
wavelengths that were modulated by means of independent electrical bit streams and after that
2. Electrical and Electronics Engineering: An International Journal (ELELIJ) Vol 3, No 1, February 2014
12
transmitted over the same fiber with capability of exploiting the huge bandwidth obtainable by
optical fibers.
Introduction of WDM has created revolution in light wave system designing community.WDM
devices were simpler to put into operation as all components in WDM devices were required to
function only at electronic speed. As a consequence numerous WDM devices were devised,
accessible in the marketplace since past time and at present, still in growing stage. Although
significant works were around 1980’s with narrowly spaced channels and a channel spacing of
less than 0.1nm were illustrated by 1990 with multichannel systems and throughout the decade of
1990s WDM systems grown up swiftly[1-12]. The novel designed 10Gb/s binary NRZ systems
with electronic-signal-processing show that up to 1.6bits/sec/Hz of spectral efficiency were
obtainable, an improved efficiency[13].For two channel WDM system at bit rate 10Gb/s study
exhibited that spectral characteristics were highly dependent on channel spacing and dispersion
coefficient and cross phase modulation dependent on the optical powers of the injected signals in
a very large range of system parameter [14].Study for 340Gb/s capacity link, illustrated by
transmitting seventeen channels and each channel operating at 20Gb/s over150km
successfully[15].Novel designed three WDM systems transmission performance were
investigated for dispersion values, show that system were affected by dispersion and non-linear
effects. Presently the long-haul communication systems employ multiple carrier wavelengths and
higher data rates which created higher channel capacity. As spectral efficiency is one of the most
important parameter for optical systems, have to be achieved in the investigations. Due to high
data rates the limitation imposed by dispersion and nonlinearities in the optical communication
system has been of great concern as parameters such as quality factor (Q), Jitter, BER and optical
modulation selected limits the overall efficiency of the system. The performance study with
chirped RZ and NRZ formats showed, improved transmission performance [16-17].Further study
with non-return to zero (NRZ) and RZ modulation format show that with increased data rates
RZmodulation formats present benefits over NRZ since higher robustness against distortions
[18-20].
Study in eight channel WDM at 10Gb/s with NRZ/RZ/ Duo-binary signal formats for distances
(5Km to 100Km) for Quality factor(Q) and Jitter show that NRZ is good modulation format in the
intensity modulated direct detection fiber-optical communication systems. As NRZ pulses are
with narrow optical spectrum and reduced spectrum width improves the dispersion tolerance
however inter symbol interference (ISI) is present. While a part of the bit slot is occupied with RZ
pulse and a broad spectrum as RZ pulse shape allows an enhanced robustness to fiber non linear
effects as well as to the cause of polarization mode dispersion[21-22].Later on study with non
binary encode technique such as multilevel intensity or phase modulation systems ultimate
spectral efficiency showed for various modulation formats (NRZ/RZ/RZ-SuperGaussian) at data
rates 10/15/20/25Gb/s and impact of EDFA power were investigated showed that smaller
width,3rd
to 5th
order super Gaussian pulse, full width at half maximum (FWHM) 10ps to 60ps,
with raised cosine filter, post and symmetric scheme showed better transmission performance.
With single channel 100Gb/s transmission investigation with ASK/PSK/RZ-DQPSK, exhibited
BER of 10-10
without FEC at 1920km of transmission [23-25].
Later study for three WDM systems (RZ/NRZ/CSRZ/Duo binary) of four channel and two
channel systems for the effect of different dispersion values, effect of FWM investigated showed
that CSRZ signal is far less sensitive to fiber nonlinear effects, RZ system has reduced dispersion
tolerance, NRZ system has improved dispersion tolerance and good transmission performance
although it has the effect of inter-symbol interference between the pulses this modulation format
is not suitable when high bit rates, showed that BER got improved with duo binary modulation
format and by increasing core effective area which will offer a significant performance benefit in
digital systems[26-28].Further significant performance improvement shown with CSRZ format,
in contrast to the conventional NRZ /RZ formats, over 120km with pre/ post/symmetrical
3. Electrical and Electronics Engineering: An International Journal (ELELIJ) Vol 3, No 1, February 2014
13
dispersion compensation schemes for various input signal powers. Better performance also shown
with post compensation scheme in terms of Q value, eye opening over 120km of transmission, for
32-channel DWDM system investigated the Kerr effect of nonlinearity over 120km,illustrated
that for 80GHz and above channel spacing the power loss becomes constant and does not depend
on the number of channels so for optimal BER and power penalty with 80 GHz channel spacing
have to be used.FWM effect also diminished while maintaining bandwidth efficiency with
unequal channel spacing using channel allocation method based on the optimal Golomb ruler
(Exhaust and Search algorithm)[29-31].Study with 2.5 Gbit/s HDWDM transmission system
based on the quasi-rectangular optical filter technique, illustrated that channel interval be greater
than 25 GHz and for the 10Gbit/s HDWDM system not less than 37.5 GHz. Implementation of
OADM with DWDM transmission, for the dispersion value of 1.5 ps/nm/km, EDFA power of
4dBm and lower value of attenuation factor illustrated optimum performance over three hundred
km transmission reach[32-33].
Lots of study has been performed in past but still some unearthed work has to come in front of
swiftly varying communication world and investigations on this approach were always going on
to achieve higher spectral efficiency which pertains higher data rates per channel and deployment
of high-order modulation formats in the multiplexed links. So in this view novel designed
MMDWDM (multiple modulations DWDM) links with every thirty two channel DWDM links
were designed with fixed optical modulation and each channel operates at 20Gb/s data rate, to
investigate for the selected transmission reach.
2. Theoretical Presentment
For long haul transmission, modulation is the fundamental necessitate of any communication
system and previously for the optical links different types of optical modulation schemes were
studied to fulfill the rising need for higher data rates and to cut in links cost. Since past decades
on off keying (OOK) in either RZ or NRZ were one of the alternatives for physical layer level of
optical communication [34]. Advanced optical modulation formats is one of key component to
the design of present optical communication networks having special focus on metro, core and
access networks. Thus to modulate a signal the component electrical drivers were used which
performs the simulations. It converts the logical input signal, a binary sequence of zeros and ones
into an electrical signal. Several mapping laws were available, ranging from simple ones, such as
NRZ, NRZ raised cosine and RZ rectangular shaped, RZ raised cosine, RZ Super Gaussian and
RZ soliton shaped pulses, a brief of each one is presented below.
NRZ Rectangular-With NRZ rectangular driver, an electrical output signal assumes one of the
two electrical levels depending upon the transmitted bits. For “0" and "1" fed into the driver, the
output signal is at the high level and low level during the entire bit time respectively and
switching in between the levels, can be instantaneous for field set(time slope) to zero or else the
needed time slope.
NRZ Raised Cosine-Here the NRZ raised cosine driver is simulated and switching between
the two levels is not instantaneous but it follows a raised cosine shape with a given roll-off, while
driver were joined to a linear optical modulator, can shape either the optical amplitude or the
optical power.
Return to Zero (RZ) Rectangular- This component simulates the RZ rectangular driver. It
has an output signal that can assume two electrical levels. When a "1" is transmitted, the output
signal is at the High Level for a time equal to the product of the duty cycle by the bit time. Then it
goes down to the Low Level for the remaining time. When a "0" is transmitted, the output is
constant at the low level for the entire bit time. Switching between the two levels is instantaneous
4. Electrical and Electronics Engineering: An International Journal (ELELIJ) Vol 3, No 1, February 2014
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with resulting square edges. The parameters duty cycle is the ratio between the time at High
Level for the first part of the bit, when a "1" is transmitted, and the bit time.
Return to Zero (RZ) Raised Cosine-The return to zero raised cosine driver simulates the RZ
raised cosine driver the switching between the two levels were not instantaneous. It follows a
raised cosine shape with a selected roll-off generates raised cosine waveform. The raised cosine
waveform, when the driver is connected to a linear optical modulator, can shape either the optical
amplitude or the optical power. Let for a centered pulse peak in which relative time origin in the
center of a bit the electrical output when "1" is transmitted it is with expression shown below:
܄ = ሺۯ ܐ − ۯܔሻሺ܂ሻ + ۯܔ
For raised cosine pulse chosen in power
܄ = ሺۯ ܐ − ۯܔሻሺ܂ሻ + ۯܔ
Now for amplitude chosen raised cosine pulse Ah is the high level, Al is the low level and f (t) is
standard raised cosine function.
ࢌሺࢀሻ = {
[ − ܖܑܛ ቆ࣊
|ࢀ| − ࢀࡸ
ࢻࢀࡸ
ቇ]
fሺ܂ሻ =
ە
ۖۖ
۔
ۖۖ
ۓ , ||܂ >
܂ ۺሺ + હሻ
ቈ − ܖܑܛ ቆૈ
||܂ − ܂ۺ
હ܂ۺ
ቇ ,
܂ ۺሺ − હሻ
≤ ||܂ ≤
܂ ۺሺ + હሻ
, ||܂ <
܂ ۺሺ − હሻ
Where ࢀ =
ࢀ࢈
ାહ
the parameter α is the roll- off factor and Tb is the bit time.
Return to Zero (RZ)_Super-Gaussian-The return to zero (RZ) Super Gaussian driver and
for “0" is transmitted the output signal is at the high level and when “1” is transmitted it
generates a pulse with Super Gaussian shape during the entire bit time respectively. Now let for a
centered pulse peak in which relative time origin in the center of a bit the electrical output when
"1" is transmitted it is with expression shown below:
ࢂሺ࢚ሻ = ሺࢎ − ሻࢋ
ିሺ
࢚
ࢀ
ሻ
+
Where m is the Super Gaussian order, Al and Ah were the low and high level amplitudes and T0
is related to the TFWHM (full width half maximum time) through this function:
܂ =
܂۴ۻ۶܅
√ܖܔ
ܕ
Return to Zero (RZ)Soliton-It generates a soliton shaped pulse for a "1" is transmitted when
employed with return to zero soliton driver and when a "0" is transmitted the output signal is set
to the low level for the entire bit time. Now for a peak centered pulse let us assume that a time
origin in the center of bit time, then for a transmitted bit “1” the electrical output signal have the
expression:
5. Electrical and Electronics Engineering: An International Journal (ELELIJ) Vol 3, No 1, February 2014
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܄ሺ܂ሻ = ሺۯ ܐ − ۯ ܔሻܐ܋܍ܛ
൬
ܜ
܂
൰ + ۯ ܔ
Where Al and Ah were the low and high level amplitudes and T0 is related to the TFWHM (full
width half maximum time) through this function:
܂ =
܂۴ۻ۶܅
ܖܔ + √
3. The Simulink Design Presentment
The figure1 shows design of the proposed topology implemented for the simulation and figure 2
shows design used for each single transmitter employed with their respective modulation
schemes. Based on these transmitter designs total of six DWDM transmission links have been
proposed. Each of the proposed transmission link is having with thirty two channel DWDM
optical system, where each channel operated at 20Gb/s.The employed optical modulation of each
DWDM link were different such as NRZ rectangular, NRZ raised cosine, RZ rectangular, RZ
raised cosine, RZsuperGuassian and RZ soliton optical modulations. In each of the DWDM
transmission link transmitter consists of CW laser array, data modulators and the optical
multiplexer. The used emission frequency range is 193.79 to 195.102THz with the channel to
channel frequency spacing of 100GHz, centre frequency were 193.45 THz. After the optical
modulation thirty two channels signals were multiplexed and resulting signal is passed through
single mode fiber repeater loop along with pre and post amplification, in which semiconductor
optical amplifiers were used at 200mA,Amplifier length of 300nm and while active layer width as
2.5nm. Thereafter signal were optically demultiplexed and dmuxed optical signal passed through
their respective optical filters which were tuned to particular channels frequency (with -3dB
frequency is 25 GHz) thereafter passed through PIN diode detector. In this for all MMDWDM
links at the receiving end out of thirty two channels only randomly selected five channels
operating at frequencies 191.9Thz,192.6Thz,193.4Thz,194.2Thz,195Thz were used for the
detection. Resulting detected electrical signal is passed through Bessel electrical filter (with -3dB
frequency is 20 GHz) thereafter to a measuring instrument such as eye diagram, BER, Q value,
eye opening etc.
Figure1: General Topology used for DWDM (640Gbps) system
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(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)
Figure2:MMDWDM systems with (a)RZ-SuperGuassian (b)RZ_Rectangular (c)NRZ_raised cosine
(d)RZ_soliton (e)RZ_raised cosine (f) NRZ_Rectangular
4. Results and Discussion
The multiple modulation DWDM optical transmission links each with total transmission capacity
of 640Gbps have been designed and their transmission performances were successfully
investigated for transmission reach of more than 250kilometers. In each of the MMDWDM
designed system every single channel operates at 20Gbps data rate and individual systems were
designed with employed modulation formats as NRZ rectangular, NRZ cosine, RZ-recctangular,
RZ super Guassian, RZ cosine and RZ_soliton. The transmission performances were examined in
terms of quality factor (Q) which represents the signal-to-noise ratio at the receiver decision
circuit in voltage or current unit and jitter values which is an estimate of the input signal. Jitter
value is estimated as the standard deviation of the position of the maximum of the received signal
termed to the bit frame. The simulated results were illustrated for the quality factor transmission
reach and jitter vs. transmission reach in the numerous resulting plots. The figure3 depict input
optical spectrum for respective MMDWDM (32chx20Gbps) systems at transmitting end.
Figure3: Optical spectrum at input with (32chx20Gbps)MMDWDM(a)soliton (b)NRZrect
(c)NRZraisedcosine (d)RZraised cosine (e)RZ Super Guassian (f)RZ rectangular modulation DWDM
systems.
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Figure4. Quality factor (Q) vs. transmission distance performance with DWDM nrz-rectangular (640Gbps)
modulation system
The simulated results as exhibited in figure4 for the quality factor (Q) vs. transmission length
with NRZ-rectangular (640Gbps) modulation DWDM system. It is noticed that quality factor,
which is the performance measuring parameter, is high (Q>6dB) for all of the randomly detected
channels but with increase in transmission distance Q factor is diminishing.
Figure5: Quality factor (Q) vs. transmission distance performance with DWDM NRZ-raisedcosine
(640Gbps) modulation system
Figure 5 shows transmission performance for the quality factor (Q) vs. transmission length
employing NRZraisedcosine (640Gbps) modulation DWDM system, it is noticed that quality
factor (Q) ranging from 16 to 23dB.It have achieved highest quality factor value in the range of
23dB for the randomly detected channels with increase in transmission distance.
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Figure6: Quality factor (Q) vs. transmission distance performance with DWDM RZrectangular (640Gbps)
modulation system
Figure6 illustrates results for the quality factor (Q) vs. transmission length using RZrectangular
(640Gbps) modulation with DWDM system. It is perceived that quality factor is severely
degraded (lowest Q=6dB) the randomly detected channels with increase in transmission distance.
Figure7: Quality factor (Q) vs. transmission distance performance with DWDM RZraisedcosine (640Gbps)
modulation system
The simulation result as shown in figure7 for the quality factor (Q) vs. transmission length
employing RZraised cosine (640Gbps) modulation DWDM system. It is noticed that overall
quality factor is satisfactory (12 to 22dB) for all of the randomly detected channels with increase
in transmission distance.
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Figure8: Quality factor (Q) vs. transmission distance performance with DWDM RZsoliton(640Gbps)
modulation system
The results as shown in figure8 for quality factor (Q) vs. transmission length employing
RZsoliton (640Gbps) modulation DWDM system, it is noticed that quality factor is high and
satisfactory ranging from 13 to 18dB for all of the randomly detected channels with increase in
transmission distance. Thus high quality factor has been achieved with soliton pulse modulation
system so transmission performance is excellent.
Figure9: Quality factor (Q) vs. transmission distance performance with DWDM RZSuperGuassian
(640Gbps) modulation system
Figure9 illustrates the simulated results for the quality factor (Q) vs. transmission length with
RZSuperguassian (640Gbps) modulation DWDM system. It is observed that quality factor is
good ranging from 14 to 26dB, achieved for all of the randomly detected channels with increase
in transmission distance its performance is very much satisfactory.
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Figure10: Jitter vs. transmission distance performance of DWDM RZSuperGuassian (640Gbps) modulation
Figure11: Jitter vs. transmission distance performance of DWDM RZ-soliton (640Gbps) modulation
Figure12: Jitter vs. transmission distance performance of DWDM RZraisedcosine (640Gbps) modulation
Figure13: Jitter vs. transmission distance performance of DWDM RZraisedCosine (640Gbps) modulation
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The simulated results were exhibited for the jitter vs. transmission length in the figure10 to
figure13 with numerous DWDM (640Gbps) links with different return to zero (RZ) modulation
schemes. It is noticed that jitter is growing for all the channels with raise in transmission distance
for all the received channels.
Figure14: Jitter vs. transmission distance performance of DWDM with NRZ-rectangular (640Gbps)
modulation system
Figure15: Jitter vs. transmission distance performance of DWDM with NRZ-raised cosine (640Gbps)
modulation system
Results as shown in figure14 and figure15 for jitter vs. transmission length with DWDM
(640Gbps) with non return to zero modulation schemes it is noticed that jitter is constant for all
the channels but few received channels show a high jitter value with increase in transmission
distance.
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Figure16: BER vs. received channels performance of MMDWDM (640Gbps) at 260K.M
For good optical transmission performance quality factor (Q) must be higher and bit error rate
must be low, for satisfactory transmission performance of an optical transmission link it requires
Q>6dB for the BER of 10-9
.This BER provide an upper limit for the signal because some
degradation arises on the receiving end. From the comprehensive performance analysis of
MMDWDM transmission links, it is noticed that MMDWDM link with NRZ raised cosine
pattern has shown better transmission performance in terms of quality factor, bit error rate
(figure16) which were in the range of 10-11
to 10-40
for all received channels at selected
transmission reach of 260kilometers, followed by other schemes as Rzsuperguassian and
RZSoliton transmission links. While for the same transmission reach (260km) RZrectangular
scheme has shown poor transmission performance as compared to other schemes employed. An
additional optical transmission parameter of observation is jitter, on observing jitter performance
of various transmission links it is noticed that jitter show low impact on DWDM systems with
NRZ type of modulations but it is more dominant for the DWDM transmission links with RZ
format.
5. Conclusion
The article illustrates comprehensive performance study of the multiple modulation DWDM
systems each with aggregate capacity of 640Gbps.The systems were employed with different
type of modulation schemes such as NRZrectangular, NRZraisedcosine, RZ-recctangular, RZ
Super Guassian, RZ cosine and RZ soliton schemes and each system were investigated on the
basis of optical transmission parameters such as quality factor, jitter and bit error rate. After
successful transmission the performance were compared for the fixed transmission reach of
260kilometers,it exhibited that DWDM link with non return to zero raised cosine scheme has
shown better transmission performance followed by Rz superguassian and RZ Soliton in contrast
to other schemes employed. Comparing jitter performance for all transmission links, it is
observed that jitter effect is more dominant for the DWDM systems with RZ type formats in
contrast DWDM transmission links using NRZ format. Consequently from the study it can be
inferred that a novel advanced optical modulation scheme is always must to compete with swiftly
changing spectrum need, highly efficient system were to design and for that NRZ-Raised cosine
(leading scheme), RZ superguassian and RZ Soliton pattern are the other frontier schemes, will
be an aid to design of the advanced optical communication systems.
10
-40
10
-30
10
-20
10
-10
10
0
1
2
3
4
5
BER
Channel
NRZ Rectangular
NRZ RaisedCosine
RZ RaisedCosine
RZ Rectangular
RZ SuperGuassian
RZ Soliton
13. Electrical and Electronics Engineering: An International Journal (ELELIJ) Vol 3, No 1, February 2014
23
Acknowledgement
Thanks to J.K.Institute Allahabad (University of Allahabad) for providing the software
OptSim(R-Soft) optical communication system.
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