This document discusses a project to develop an identification friend or foe (IFF) system for defense using radar technology. The objectives are to prevent friendly fire incidents and maintain command and control. It will work by having each soldier's rifle transmit an IFF query using a laser. If a friendly soldier is detected, it will generate a warning. The document outlines the basic principles of radar, how radar works, the hardware and software used, and applications of radar like air traffic control. It concludes that an IFF system allows accurate target identification to prevent friendly fire while providing an advanced tactic to distinguish between friends and enemies.

1. PROJECT ON IFFSYSTEMFORDEFENCE
Guided by: Submitted by:
Mr. Satyendra Sharma Kunal Dua
H.O.D.(ECE Dept.) Himanshi Sharma
Parnika Singh
Himanshu Sharma

2. CONTENTS :
 Objective
 Problem Statement
 Radar
 Basic Principle Of Radar
 Working Of Radar
 Open Source Software/Hardware Used
 Application Of Radar
 Advantages
 Conclusion
 Future & Research Work

3. OBJECTIVE:
 To prevent friendly-fire by soldiers in battle.
 To maintain command and control in telecommunication .
 To enable military and national interrogation systems to
identify aircraft, vehicles or forces and prevent fratricide.
 To determine their bearing and range from the
interrogator.

4. PROBLEM STATEMENT:
 Incidents of friendly fire have been responsible for
numerous casualties amongst soldiers.
 For controlling human cost of war caused by
miscommunication and aggressive tactics.
 Each soldier’s rifle is fitted with a laser that sends
out an IFF query.
 If a friendly soldier is in line of sight, the IFF system
produces a feedback signal.
 This signal can be used to generate an audio/visual
warning, or momentarily jam the rifle.

5. RADAR :
 It is an electromagnetic system used for the
detection and location of reflecting objects
like aircrafts , ships , vehicles etc.
 It radiates energy into space and detecting
the reflected echo signal from an object or
target.
 Radar can perform its function at long or
short distances and under conditions
impervious to optical and infrared sensors.

6. BASIC PRINCIPLE OF RADAR :

7. WORKING OF RADAR :
 Transmitter transmits a high power pulse to a
switch, which then directs the pulse to be
transmitted out an antenna and the switch switches
control to receiver, which allows the antenna to
receive echoed signals.
 The switch may toggle control between the
transmitter and the receiver as much as 1000 times
per second.
 A radar transponder, that replies to each signal by
transmitting a response containing encoded data.

8.  The transponder is a radio receiver and transmitter
which receives on one frequency (1030 MHz) and
transmits on another (1090 MHz).

9. METHOD PROPOSED:
 A soldier equipped with
the IFF system has a
responder unit on their
body armor, and an
initiator unit mounted on their rifle.
 An MCU in the responder unit will decrypt the laser
message using a pre-set private key.
 If decryption is successful, the MCU identifies which
friendly soldier is currently aiming at the target
soldier.

10. IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY & WORKING OF THE PROJECT:
 The system facilitates in
recognition of friendly soldier.
 Our initial design concept used a directed RF signal on
the rifle instead of a laser to transmit the IFF query.
 If the RF signal transmitted from the rifle will sufficiently
directional, the IFF query will be send only to RF
receiver’s fire.
 If potential fratricide is detected, a buzzer mounted on the
rifle goes off, signaling that the current rifle position might
result in friendly fire.

11. BLOCK DIAGRAM:
 System Architecture

12. OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE/HARDWARE USED:
Hardware used:
 Laser
 RF Transmitter
 RF Receiver
 Buzzer
Software used:
 C Programing
 Keil µVision

13. APPLICATIONS OF RADAR :
 Air Traffic Control.
 Ship Safety.
 Space.
 Remote Sensing.
 Defence or Military purposes.

14. ADVANTAGES :
 Radar can perform functions at short and
long distances.
 Measure distance with high accuracy and in
all weather conditions.
 Radar units operates on different
frequencies.
 It can operate in darkness ,haze,fog rain as
well as snow.

15. CONCLUSION:
 This allows an accurate target signature to be obtained.
 It provides a advanced tactic to segregate between friend
and enemy.
 The major military benefits of IFF include preventing
"friendly fire" and being able to positively identify friendly
forces.
 IFF can positively identify friendly targets but not hostile
ones.

16. FUTURE & RESEARCH WORK:
1. Each transmitter will transmit a first coded signal
which will be detected by the receivers in other
vehicles.
2. The receivers provide an unblocking signal after
the first coded signal is correctly identified.
3. The unblocking signal clears a radiation
transmission path in the vehicle.
4. This path containing a reflector which reflects the
received signal back to the source of the
transmission.
5. The reflector adds a further predetermined code to
the signal reflected from the reflector with each
vehicle having another detector for detecting a
reflected signal and a device to identify the further
predetermined code.