The document discusses the critical role of electronics in defense, covering topics like radar systems for object detection, electronic warfare, and sonar technologies. It explains how radar functions to detect and classify aircraft, the methods of electronic attack like jamming, and various sonar systems for underwater surveillance. Additionally, it highlights the importance of electronic countermeasures in military operations, citing various reference resources.

1. Role of Electronics in
DEFENCE
Guided By:
Mrs S.V. CHARHATE
Presented By:
Aman Deep
Neetesh Patel

3. OVERVIEW
Radar
Electronic Warfare
Undersea
warfare
Conclusion
Referenc
es

5. Object-detection system that uses radio waves to
determine the range, angle, or velocity of objects
• Aaircrafts
• Ships
• Spacecraft
• Guided missiles
• Motor vehicles
• Weather formations
• Terrain
• It can be used to detect:

7. RADAR
TARGET DETECTION TARGET LOCATION
IDENTIFY FRIEND OR FOE

8. • Radars create an electromagnetic (EM) pulse, focused by an
antenna, and transmitted through the atmosphere
• Objects in the path (targets/echoes) scatter most of the
energy, but reflect back some towards the radar
• Receiving antenna (normally also the transmitting antenna)
gathers back-scattered radiation and feeds it to a "receiver"

9. Model : Working of a
radar

10.  3 pieces of information are required for target
location
 Azimuth angle : The angle of the radar beam with
respect to north
 Elevation angle: The angle of the radar beam with
respect to the ground
 The distance (D) from radar to target

12.  Distance = Time it takes for the EM pulse to make a round
trip from the radar to the target and back using the relation:
 distance = time (t) * velocity
 The pulse travels at the speed of light (c).
 Since the pulse travels to and from the target, the total
distance is 2D.
 If ‘t’ is the time it takes, then 2D = c*t 0 or D = (c*t)/2.

15. • The IFF is used to determine friendliness of an detected
incoming aircraft.
• It shoots an ultra-short pulse-coded narrow beam of radar
energy to the flying objects as a challenge.
• The friendly aircraft through an IFF receiver receives this and
responds with a suitable reply.
• The radar receives this reply and classifies the flying objects as
friendly aircraft.

17.  If for the radar’s IFF challenge, there is no proper
reply from an aircraft, it is assumed to be a
hostile aircraft.
 Its course is continuously tracked

18. RADAR : A DOUBLE EDGED SWORD

21.  Use the electromagnetic spectrum signals such
as radio, infrared or radar—to sense, protect,
and communicate.
 To deny adversaries the ability to either disrupt
or use these signals.

23. ELECTRONIC WARFARE
ELECTRONIC
SUPPORT
ELECTRONIC
ATTACK
ELECTRONIC
PROTECTION

24. ELECTRONIC ATTACK
• Use of electromagnetic energy, directed energy or anti-
radiation weapons to attack personnel, facilities or
equipment with the intent of degrading destroying or
neutralizing enemy combat capabilities.

25. ELECTRONIC ATTACK
JAMMING
DECEPTIO
N
DIRECTED
ENERGY
ANTI-
RADIATION
MISSILE
FLARES
AND
ACTIVE
DECOYS

26. • Jamming is synonymous to shouting loudly so that others
cannot converse.
• If noise is injected in the telephone line, it naturally prevents
a speaker from hearing what the other person is saying.

27. • Similarly, when a particular frequency has to be
jammed, the ECM module generates and broadcasts a
powerful signal in that frequency.
• Known as noise jamming, this prevents the enemy
radar from effectively executing its job.

29. *Spoofing can be done electronically and also by other
means.
*It means to make the enemy radar see a target where
actually there is none and also to make the radar not see
the target where it actually is.

30. Flare Deception

31. ELECTRONIC SUPPORT
• A tactical system which collects enemy's radar
signals
• Immediately respond to those signals or the
weapons associated with those signals

32. ELECTRONIC
SUPPORT
THREAT WARNING
SIGNATURE
COLLECTION
DIRECTION
FINDING

33. ELECTRONIC PROTECTION
 Passive and active means taken to protect
personnel, facilities or equipments from any effects
of friendly or enemy employment of EW that
degrade neutralise or destroy friendly combat
capability

38. • Active sonar transducers emit an acoustic signal or pulse of
sound into the water.
• If an object is in the path of the sound pulse, the sound
bounces off the object and returns an “echo” to the sonar
transducer.

39.  If the transducer is equipped with the ability to
receive signals, it measures the strength of
the signal.
 By determining the time between the
emission of the sound pulse and its
reception, the transducer can determine the
range and orientation of the object.

40. • Passive sonar systems are used primarily to detect noise
from marine objects (such as submarines or ships) and
marine animals like whales.
• Unlike active sonar, passive sonar does not emit its own
signal

41. • This an advantage for military vessels that do not want to
be found
• They cannot measure the range of an object unless it is
used in conjunction with other passive listening devices.
• Multiple passive sonar devices enables triangulation of a
sound source.

44. Finding the Enemy
SUBMARINE

46. • Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) is a night vision
enhancement system.
• Typically used on military and civilian aircraft, and
uses an imaging technology that senses infrared
radiation.
• FLIR technology helps detect warm objects
against a cold background when it is completely
dark

47. • This is a high-power night-vision device used to detect
surfaced submarines even in pitch darkness.
• The system senses the heat emitted by the submarines
and is useful only when the enemy submarine has
surfaced to get fresh air.
• In an FLIR, the surfaced submarine will stand out like a
black spot on a plain, white paper.

49.  A submarine is a colossal mass of metal sailing underwater.
 Magnetic field disturbances are created by the metallic
mass’s interaction with the water’s different temperature
gradients.
 MAD picks up these disturbances and detects submarine
activity.
 Then, it transmits the location of the submarine to the
destroyer through data links.
MAGNETIC ANOMALY DETECTOR.

51. • There is vast application of electronics principles and theory in
defence.
• Gaining superiority in electric countermeasure techniques has
the capacity to turn the tide of a war.

52. REFERENCES
 Wikipedia
 Radartutorials
 Electronics for you magzine
 Lockheed Martin
 Defence updates
 BAE Systems
 Defence Video Imagery Distribution System