International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
ATI's Radar Signal Analysis and Processing using MATLAB Technical Training Sh...Jim Jenkins
This three-day course develops the technical background needed to predict and understand the factors controlling the performance of radar systems including anti-clutter and anti-jamming signal processing techniques.
The course introduces the fundamental concepts and properties of various techniques without the necessity of a detailed analytic background.
IFKSA-ESPRIT - Estimating the Direction of Arrival under the Element Failures...IDES Editor
This paper presents the use of Inverse Free Krylov
Subspace Algorithm (IFKSA) with Estimation of Signal
Parameters via Rotational Invariance Technique (ESPRIT)
for the Direction-of-Arrival (DOA) estimation under element
failure in a Uniform Linear Antenna Array (ULA). Failure of
a few elements results in sparse signal space. IFKSA algorithm
is an iterative algorithm to find the dominant eigenvalues
and is applied for decomposition of sparse signal space, into
signal subspace and the noise subspace. The ESPRIT is later
used to estimate the DOAs. The performance of the algorithm
is evaluated for various elements failure scenarios and noise
levels, and the results are compared with ESPRIT and Cramer
Rao Lower bound (CRLB). The results indicate a better
performance of the IFKSA-ESPRIT based DOA estimation
scheme under different antenna failure scenarios, and noise
levels.
Real-Time Active Noise Cancellation with Simulink and Data Acquisition ToolboxIDES Editor
This paper presents the feasibility of implementing
single channel negative feedback Active Noise Cancellation
technique using adaptive filters in Real-time environment[1].
In order to establish the suitability and credibility of LMS
Algorithm for adaptive filtering in real world scenario, its
efficiency was tested beyond system based ideal simulations.
Within the MATLAB® software environment two different
methods were used to perform Real-time ANC namely
Simulink® and Data Acquisition ToolboxTM. Human voice is
used as test signal. For processing and performing adaptive
filtering, Block LMS Filter was utilised in Simulink and Error
Normalised Step Size algorithm was used in between input
and output of Signals by DAQ (Data Acquisition) toolbox
interface. A general method of using DAQ commands has been
employed which also allows for almost any kind of complex
real-time audio processing and is quite easy to follow.
ATI's Radar Signal Analysis and Processing using MATLAB Technical Training Sh...Jim Jenkins
This three-day course develops the technical background needed to predict and understand the factors controlling the performance of radar systems including anti-clutter and anti-jamming signal processing techniques.
The course introduces the fundamental concepts and properties of various techniques without the necessity of a detailed analytic background.
IFKSA-ESPRIT - Estimating the Direction of Arrival under the Element Failures...IDES Editor
This paper presents the use of Inverse Free Krylov
Subspace Algorithm (IFKSA) with Estimation of Signal
Parameters via Rotational Invariance Technique (ESPRIT)
for the Direction-of-Arrival (DOA) estimation under element
failure in a Uniform Linear Antenna Array (ULA). Failure of
a few elements results in sparse signal space. IFKSA algorithm
is an iterative algorithm to find the dominant eigenvalues
and is applied for decomposition of sparse signal space, into
signal subspace and the noise subspace. The ESPRIT is later
used to estimate the DOAs. The performance of the algorithm
is evaluated for various elements failure scenarios and noise
levels, and the results are compared with ESPRIT and Cramer
Rao Lower bound (CRLB). The results indicate a better
performance of the IFKSA-ESPRIT based DOA estimation
scheme under different antenna failure scenarios, and noise
levels.
Real-Time Active Noise Cancellation with Simulink and Data Acquisition ToolboxIDES Editor
This paper presents the feasibility of implementing
single channel negative feedback Active Noise Cancellation
technique using adaptive filters in Real-time environment[1].
In order to establish the suitability and credibility of LMS
Algorithm for adaptive filtering in real world scenario, its
efficiency was tested beyond system based ideal simulations.
Within the MATLAB® software environment two different
methods were used to perform Real-time ANC namely
Simulink® and Data Acquisition ToolboxTM. Human voice is
used as test signal. For processing and performing adaptive
filtering, Block LMS Filter was utilised in Simulink and Error
Normalised Step Size algorithm was used in between input
and output of Signals by DAQ (Data Acquisition) toolbox
interface. A general method of using DAQ commands has been
employed which also allows for almost any kind of complex
real-time audio processing and is quite easy to follow.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Implementation of Adaptive Digital Beamforming using CordicEditor IJCATR
Sonar imaging is one of the simplest technique for detection of under water drowned bodies. There is a need for design of
conventional beamforming which are robust and simple. Adaptive beamformer is used to improve the quality of the sonar image. As a
result we get an image containing more useful and correct information. The CORDIC computing technique a highly efficient method
to compute elementary functions like sine, cosine, translate, rotate values using CORDIC algorithm. The system simulation was
carried out using ModelSim and Xilinx ISE Design Suite 9.2i.. Matlab code is used to implement sin and cos using cordic angles and
amplitude response of beamformed data by optimized method in order to enlarge the validity region of beamforming. Synthesis
results of cordic shows the reduced memory requirement and less power consumption.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Implementation of Adaptive Digital Beamforming using CordicEditor IJCATR
Sonar imaging is one of the simplest technique for detection of under water drowned bodies. There is a need for design of
conventional beamforming which are robust and simple. Adaptive beamformer is used to improve the quality of the sonar image. As a
result we get an image containing more useful and correct information. The CORDIC computing technique a highly efficient method
to compute elementary functions like sine, cosine, translate, rotate values using CORDIC algorithm. The system simulation was
carried out using ModelSim and Xilinx ISE Design Suite 9.2i.. Matlab code is used to implement sin and cos using cordic angles and
amplitude response of beamformed data by optimized method in order to enlarge the validity region of beamforming. Synthesis
results of cordic shows the reduced memory requirement and less power consumption.
Standard radar detection process requires that the sensor output is compared to a predetermined threshold. The
threshold is selected based on a-priori knowledge available and/or certain assumptions. However, any
knowledge and/or assumptions become in adequate due to the presence of multiple targets with varying signal
return and usually non stationary background. Thus, any predetermined threshold may result in either increased
false alarm rate or increased track loss. Even approaches where the threshold is adaptively varied will not
perform well in situations when the signal return from the target of interest is too low compared to the average
level of the background .Track-before-detect techniques eliminate the need for a detection threshold and provide
detecting and tracking targets with lower signal-to-noise ratios than standard methods. However, although trackbefore-
detect techniques eliminate
the need for detection threshold at sensor's signal processing stage, they often use tuning thresholds at the output
of the filtering stage .This paper presents a computerized simulation model for target detection process.
Moreover, the proposed model method is based on the target motion models, the output of the detection
process can easily be employed for maneuvering target tracking.
Rader is an object detection system. It uses Microwaves to determine the range, altitude, direction, or speed of objects. The radar can transmit radio waves or microwaves which bounce off any object in their path. So, we can easily determine any object in the radar range. Adruino is a single-board microcontroller to make electronics more discipline. The radar system has different performance specifications and also it comes in a verity of size.
An Arduino radar project is more than a visual project because of its circuit implementation. There are different hardware use to accomplish the Arduino Radar Sensor. Like as, Arduino UNO. HC-SRo4 Ultrasonic Sensor including a Servo Motor. The main appearance is the visual narration in the Processing Application.
It is very simple, the Ultrasonic Sensor collects the object information with the help of Arduino and passes it to Processing Application. In the processing application, there is a simple Graphics application implemented which mimic a radar screen.
Digilogic's RTES has been designed to meet the demands for a multi-functional platform where you can test and evaluate radar systems. It offers the User-friendly Scenario Generator that will help the User to simulate the complex scenario, and they do it realistically. Be it a seeker relevant to radar or surveillance, tracking, or radar, simulator is the ideal tool to figure out their performance and reliability under different circumstances.
Ship Detection from SAR Imagery Using CUDA and Performance Analysis of the Sy...IJERA Editor
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) Ship Detection System SDS is an important application from the point of view of Maritime Security monitoring. It allows monitoring traffic, fisheries, naval warfare. Since full-resolution SAR images are heavily affected by the presence of speckle, ship detection algorithms generally employ speckle reduced SAR images at the expense of a degradation of the spatial resolution. The proposed Parzen-window-kernel-based algorithm and CFAR algorithm can be considered an alternative to manual inspection for large ocean areas. Promising results and high detection rates for the ships have been achieved. In Parzen-window-kernel-based algorithm for ship detection in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, first, the data-driving kernel functions of Parzen window are utilized to approximate the histogram of real SAR image, in order to complete the accurate modeling of SAR images. Then ship detection is implemented using a Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR). After detecting threshold, the output is added to edge detection algorithm employed on SAR image. Clearer detection of ship candidates is obtained by applying Parzen-window-kernel-based algorithm by changing its window size. Experimental results show that SDS implemented using CUDA is faster than on CPU.
Radar Systems play a very important role in many spheres: military applications, aeronautics, weather study, and autonomous transport. The accuracy of these systems significantly depends on the waveform quality and characteristics of the generating radar waveform. A radar Waveform generator acts as a module that is essential for the implementation and manipulation of radar signals resulting in a precise tuning of the radar system functions.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Implementation of Algorithms For Multi-Channel Digital Monitoring ReceiverIOSR Journals
Abstract: Monitoring Receivers form an important constituent of the Electronic support. In Monitoring
Receiver we can monitor, demodulate or scan the multiple channels.
In this project, the Implementation of algorithm for multi channel digital monitoring receiver. The
implementation will carry out the channelization by the way of Digital down Converters (DDCs) and Digital
Base band Demodulation. The Intermediate Frequency (IF) at 10.7 MHz will be digitalized using Analog to
Digital Converter (ADC) with sampling frequency 52.5 MHz and further converted to Base band using DDCs.
Virtually all the digital receivers perform channel access using a DDC. The Base band data will be streamed to
the appropriate demodulators. Matlab Simulink will be used to simulate the logic modules before the
implementation. This system will be prototyped on an FPGA based COTS (Commercial-off-the-shelf)
development board. Xilinx System Generator will be used for the implementation of the algorithms.
Keywords: DDC, ADC, Digital Base band demodulation, IF, Monitoring Receiver.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
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1. S.Yoganand et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 2( Version 1), February 2014, pp.362-367
RESEARCH ARTICLE
OPEN ACCESS
FPGA Based RADAR Signal Emulator for Signal Processing Test
Applications
S. Yoganand*, S. Sundara Babu**, C. Madhu***
*Asst. Professor, Dept. of ECE, S.V. College of Engineering, Tirupati, A.P, INDIA
**Asst. Professor, Dept. of BME, Vel Tech Multitech Engineering College, Avadi, Chennai, INDIA
***Asst. Professor, Dept. of ECE, S.V. Engineering College for Women, Tirupati, A.P, INDIA
ABSTRACT
The RADARs use complex techniques such as stagger PRI, jitter PRI with frequency agile characteristics. The
frequency agile RADARs switch frequencies with in a pulse to get different types of advantages. Today lot of
RADAR signal processing takes place on FPGA platform. These signal processing algorithms include pulse
parameters estimation, deinterleaving of mixed pulse patterns, processing complex chirp signals etc. All these
algorithms need to be tested at various levels before they get integrated in to final system. The development
consists of waveform generation for RADARs. The control logic communicates with PC using serial port to
capture the parameters set by the user in PC. These parameters are loaded into respective source simulator
modules. Each source simulator module consists of NCO for digital carrier generation and pulse modulator. The
NCO is programmable to generate all types of frequency agile signals in real time. Top module consists of all
these blocks and will be synthesized to Xilinx FPGAs.
Keywords- NCO, baseband waveform generator, Upconversion, BITE generator and FPGA.
I. INTRODUCTION
Radar parametric testing has traditionally
required either expensive trials in real-world
situations (with many uncontrolled variables) or very
limited ’canned’ tests. The Von Neumann processors
normally used for signal processing are severely
limited in this application because of the inherently
serial instruction stream. This paper gives the use of
FPGAs to the processing to obtain a near real-time
environment simulator. The FPGA logic handles the
time sensitive tasks such as target sorting, waveform
generation, sea clutter modelling and noise
generation. DSP microprocessors handle the less
critical tasks like target movement and radar platform
motion. The result is a simulator that simultaneously
produces several hundred independent moving
targets, realistic sea clutter, land masses, weather,
jammers and receiver noise. Traditional Radar Target
Generators are built to test, debug, and demonstrate
radar and target tracking functions.
The aim is to perform some basic testing.
The number of targets is limited and target motion is
simple. The radar platform doesn’t change position or
attitude. Interference is simulated by a simple
Gaussian noise generator. The test scenarios are
canned; there is no real time interaction between the
radar/operator and the Emulator.
The Radar
Environment Simulator is controlled by, and is
partially implemented in software. Tasks that are not
time critical are handled by software.
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Time critical tasks are performed by custom
hardware. The term “radar” is generally understood
to mean a method by means of which short
electromagnetic waves are used to detect distant
objects and determine their location and movement.
The term RADAR is an acronym from RAdio
Detection And Ranging. A complete radar measuring
system is comprised of a transmitter with antenna, a
transmission path, the reflecting target, a further
transmission path (usually identical with the first
one), and a receiver with antenna. Two separate
antennas may be used, but often just one is used for
both transmitting and receiving the radar signal.
Radar is an electromagnetic system for the
detection and location of objects. It operates by
transmitting a particular type of waveform, a pulsemodulated sine wave for example, and detects the
nature of the echo signal. Radar is used to extend the
capabilities of ones senses for observing the
environment, especially the sense of vision. The
value of radar lies not in being a substitute for the
eye, but in doing what the eye cannot do. Radar
cannot resolve detail as well as the eye, nor is it
capable of recognizing the “colour” of objects to the
degree of sophistication of which the eye is capable.
However the radar can be designed to see through
those conditions impervious to normal human vision
such as darkness, haze, fog, rain, and snow. In
addition the radar is having the advantage of being
able to measure the distance or range of the object.
This is probably the most important attribute.
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2. S.Yoganand et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 2( Version 1), February 2014, pp.362-367
An elementary form of radar consists of a
transmitting antenna emitting electromagnetic
radiation generated by an oscillator of some sort, a
receiving antenna, and an energy-detecting device, or
receiver. A portion of the transmitted signal is
intercepted by a reflecting object (target) and is
reradiated in all directions. It is the energy eradiated
in the back direction that is of prime interest to the
radar. The receiving antenna collects the returned
energy and delivers it to a receiver, where it is
processed to detect the presence of the target and to
extract its location and relative velocity. The distance
to the target is determined by measuring the time
taken for the radar signal to travel to the target and
back. The direction, or angular position, of the target
may be determined from the direction of arrival of
the reflected wave-front. The usual method of
measuring the direction of arrival is with narrow
antenna beams. If relative motion exists between
target and radar, the shift in the carrier frequency of
the reflected wave (Doppler Effect) is the measure of
the targets relative (radial) velocity and may be used
to distinguish moving targets from stationary objects.
In radars which continuously track the
movement of the target, a continuous indication of
the rate of change of target position is also available.
It was first developed as a detection device to warn of
the approach of hostile aircraft and for detecting
antiaircraft weapons. Although well-designed modern
radar can usually extract more information from the
target signal than merely range, the measurement of
range is still one of radar’s most important functions.
There seem to be no other competitive techniques
which can measure range as well as or as rapidly as
can a radar.
III. PROPOSED METHOD
The Field Programmable Gate Array are
used in the place of traditional ASIC’s which stands
for Application Specific Integrated Circuits used in
developing new systems or application based devices.
By these programmable devices the user can make
the device (FPGA here) optimized to their précised
level so as to make the emulation nearest to the
practical one. The performance of Radar systems can
greatly influenced by their mechanical design and
modern digital modulation schemes. Here the other is
choosen because the later one to that is a emulator
platform for Radar to test different modulation
schemes as like realistic radar based system in which
FPGA used. The Field Programmable Gate Array has
been taken because of the following signal processing
algorithm issues:
i) Pulse parameters estimation
ii) De interleaving of mixed pulse pattern
iii) Processing complex pseudo signals etc.
A. Block Diagram
The following diagram shows the simplified
description of the RADAR Emulator Implemented on
single FPGA board and for demonstration purpose
PC is used. The functional modules will be discussed
in detail in the following chapter and all the major
blocks expect DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer) has
implanted by IP Core from Xilinx core generator tool
and remaining are using VHDL. External control
switches from FPGA development board has been
used to get different combinations of frequency and
an attenuation variation which resembles the phase
and noise as added to original received echo signal
from target as viewed in RADAR.
II. EXISTING METHODS
Radar Emulator is the technique used test
the various techniques or methodologies being
developed for RADAR systems which can be tested
without being cost-effective realistic radar systems.
The simulators have been developed for scholars or
researchers in the field of Radar processing for its
high performance to test its signal processing
applications at software level to implements new
ideas and method as far as the modulation schemes
utilised.
But at these simulators intended user may
not get as précised output results and need to have a
special system which replaces the following:
i)
The output results as close to the practical values
of realistic radar system and
ii) Rapid development platform for emulator and
cost effective.
www.ijera.com
Fig. 3.1: Functional overview of RADAR emulator
implemented on FPGA
B. Encoder interface and timing generator
The encoder interface gets input from radar
antenna and it will generate the timing signals of
radar as per the antenna rotation. As a test case
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3. S.Yoganand et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
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ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 2( Version 1), February 2014, pp.362-367
design the encoder considered here is one, which
provides serial data in gray format at its output. the
encoder interface implemented on the FPGA
generates 17 clock pulses at the frequency of 400 khz
at regular intervals. These clock pulses along with
proper direction and control enables are sent to the
external encoder. the encoder puts data serially at the
rising edge of each 17-clock pulse. FPGA performs
the operation of serial to parallel conversion and gray
to binary conversion of the valid bits of the received
data. The error checking of the data received is also
done at the FPGA.
C. Waveform coefficient generation
The waveform coefficients are computed
and stored in the ROMs of the FPGA. In this design,
the linear frequency modulation for the waveform is
considered.
Frequency
or
phase-modulated
waveforms can be used to achieve much wider
operating bandwidths. Linear Frequency Modulation
(LFM) is most commonly used. Here, the frequency
is swept linearly across the pulse width, either
upward (upchirp) or downward (down-chirp).
The LFM up-chirp instantaneous phase can
be expressed by
Ψ(t) = 2*Π*(f0 * t + μ * t2 /2) -τ/2 ≤ t ≤ τ/2
where f0 is the radar center frequency, and μ=2¶B/t is
the LFM coefficient. Thus, the instantaneous
frequency is f(t) = (1/2*Π )* d/dt (Ψ(t))= f0 + μ * t τ/2 ≤ t ≤ τ/2 Similarly, the down-chirp instantaneous
frequency is given
by
f(t)= (1/2*Π )* d/dt (Ψ(t))= f0 - μ * t -τ/2 ≤ t ≤ τ/2
The
linear
frequency
modulation
coefficients are computed as per above equations.
The sampling frequency is chosen corresponding to
the bandwidth of the waveform to be generated.
These coefficients are computed offline for different
pulse widths and stored into the ROMs of the FPGA.
In real time these coefficients are read in the FPGA
to generate LFM waveform at IF.
D. Upconversion
of
frequency
modulated
waveform to IF
Fig. shows the design schematics of upconversion (to IF) module as implemented in FPGA.
CPI, BITE, PRT signals form the input to the module
along with the clock. These are the timing signals,
which are generated in the FPGA from the external
encoder data. CPI is used to synchronize the
modulated waveform with the radar timings. PRT
acts as the cover pulse of the transmission waveform
and is used to enable the DDS (Direct Digital
Synthesizer) implemented in the FPGA.
When enabled the DDS generates
continuous wave signal at the IF at which LFM is to
be generated. For the design under consideration the
www.ijera.com
IF is 40 MHz. So the DDS generates continuous
wave at 40 MHz during the PRT. The complex
continuous waveform at the output of the DDS is
then multiplied with the LFM coefficients (at
baseband) already stored in the ROM of the FPGA.
There are two banks of ROMs, one for cosine LFM
coefficients and other for sine LFM coefficients. The
user from the display selects the pulse width for
which LFM is to be generated and the information is
conveyed to the FPGA. According to the pulse width
selected, the selection of ROM is done and the LFM
coefficients are read out in real time to form the LFM
waveform at IF. Accordingly, the ROM selection bits
are set and address generation is done to read the
coefficients from the ROM.
After multiplication of the cosine and sine
components of the continuous signal at IF with
corresponding LFM coefficients, the signal at the
output of the multipliers is subtracted to from the
linear frequency modulated signal at the IF. The
signal is then filtered by a band pass filter
implemented in the FPGA so as to remove the out of
band components. The digital LFM signal thus
generated is with zero doppler. The digital LFM
signal (at the IF) at the output of the FPGA is then
fed to an external Digital to Analog Converter (DAC)
followed by an analog filter. The signal is then
upconverted to the desired transmission frequency by
RF upconverters and transmitted during the PRT
pulse.
Fig. 2: Baseband waveform generation and
upconversion to IF
E. BITE waveform generation
BITE is used to check the essential
functionalities of the radar when it’s not transmitting.
It acts as the echo return from real targets. The design
is capable of generating BITEs with and without
doppler i.e. moving as well as stationary targets can
be simulated. Along with BITE, BITE doppler also
forms an input to the DDS. The signal BITE enables
the DDS for the range position during which the echo
is to be simulated and thus acts as the cover pulse for
the BITE to be generated. BITE position and doppler
of the BITE are programmable by the user. The
maximum doppler for which the BITE can be
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4. S.Yoganand et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
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ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 2( Version 1), February 2014, pp.362-367
generated depends on the PRF chosen by the user and
is equal to PRF/2. Once the doppler value and the
BITE position have been fed to the DDS, the DDS
generates the continuous wave at the corresponding
frequency (depending on the Doppler input). The
cosine and sine components of this signal are then
multiplied with the corresponding LFM coefficients
as read from the ROM (selected as per pulse width)
and then the same process of upconversion follows.
For ground-based radars, the waveform is
always transmitted with zero doppler and the
waveform generation process adopted is explained
above. Depending on the Doppler of the received
echo, information about doppler and speed of the
target is ascertained and used for further processing.
For radars on moving platform, an inherent doppler
gets introduced due to movement of the radar. This
leads to ambiguity in doppler measurement of the
received echo. Further this gives rise to poor clutter
cancellation in the radar. Thus, it is essential for
moving radars to nullify the effect of the doppler that
come into picture due to their own movement. This
could be undertaken either in the Digital Down
Conversion (DDC) stage in the receiver signal
processor or, for a relatively slow moving platform
like a ship, in the transmission stage itself. The
assumption here is that within a dwell period there is
no significant change of doppler. The waveform
generated can be shifted by an amount equal to the
doppler of the platform in a particular such that
returns from a stationary target will come with zero
Doppler.
F. DDS core
Function generators have been around for a
long while. Over time, these instruments have
accumulated a long list of features. Starting with just
a few knobs for setting the amplitude and frequency
of a sinusoidal output, function generators now
provide wider frequency ranges, calibrated output
levels, a variety of waveforms, modulation modes,
computer interfaces, and in some cases, arbitrary
functions. The many features added to function
generators have complicated their design and
increased their cost. There is an opportunity for a
radical re-design of the familiar function generator
using direct digital synthesis (DDS).
provides
remarkable frequency resolution and allows direct
implementation of frequency, phase and amplitude
modulation. These features which were 'tacked-on' to
function generators now are handled in a clean,
fundamental way by DDS. Fig. 3 shows the DDS
core architecture.
The Logi CORE™ IP DDS (Direct Digital
Synthesizer) Compiler core sources sinusoidal
waveforms for use in many applications. A DDS
www.ijera.com
consists of a Phase Generator and a SIN/COS
Lookup Table. These parts are available individually
or combined via this core. Direct digital synthesis
(DDS) is a method of producing an analog waveform,
usually a sine wave by generating a time-varying
signal in digital form and then performing a digitalto- analog conversion. Because operations within a
DDS device are primarily digital, it can offer fast
switching between output frequencies, fine frequency
resolution, and operation over a broad spectrum of
frequencies. With advances in design and process
technology, today’s DDS devices are very compact
and draw little power.
G. Sin/Cos LUT
When configured as a Sin/Cos LUT, the
Phase Generator is not implemented, and the phase is
input via the PHASE_IN port, and transformed into
the sine and cosine outputs using a look-up table.
Efficient memory usage is achieved using half wave
and quarter wave storage schemes. The presence of
both outputs and their negation are configurable
when the core is customized. Precision can be
increased using optional Taylor Series Correction.
This exploits Extreme DSP slices on FPGA families
that support them to achieve high SFDR with high
speed operation.
Fig. 3: DDS Compiler core
The output of the FPGA is fed to a digital to
analog converter to get the analog transmission
waveform at IF. Different modulation types can be
stored in the external memory and loaded to FPGA to
provide flexibility to change the modulation on the
fly. This can be a significant ECCM feature for the
radar. The clock frequency used in the design is of
100 MHz; the coefficients are then up sampled by 10
to get samples at the rate of 100MHz. The complex
continuous wave coming from the DDS
(implemented using VHDL in the same FPGA) at the
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ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 2( Version 1), February 2014, pp.362-367
rate 100MHz forms an input to this model. Then the
process of multiplication, subtractions etc follow.
The output of the design is scaled and interpreted at
each stage keeping in mind the number of bits and
data format requirements. The filter used to filter the
output is designed using FDA tool of FPGA. The
specifications of the filter are Fc1= 36.3 MHz, Fc2=
43.7 MHz, attenuation = 80 db, band pass FIR filter,
51 taps. The Xilinx System Generator (XSG) design
tool provides logic synthesis as well as bit and cycletrue simulation capabilities within the Simulink
environment. These models have been evaluated both
for logic and timing in the simulation environment as
well as on hardware. The responses obtained were in
agreement with the required specifications.
Fig. 5b): BITE waveform at output of FPGA
Fig. 6: Transmit and BITE waveforms at output of
FPGA
IV. FIGURES AND TABLES
The flow chart for the total flow is shown in
below Fig. 4.
The following Fig. 7 shows the simulated
output with all the types of BITE and transmit
waveforms which are produced with added delay and
noise levels.
Fig. 4: Flow chart
Fig. 5a shows the transmit waveform
generated by the FPGA, Fig. 5b shows the BITE
waveform generated at FPGA, Fig. 6 shows the
transmit and BITE waveforms at the output of FPGA.
Fig. 5a): Transmit waveform at output of FPGA
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Fig. 7: Simulated output of Transmit and BITE
waveforms with added noise and delay levels.
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ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 2( Version 1), February 2014, pp.362-367
V. APPLICATIONS
It can be used for the following areas.
i) Air Traffic Control
ii) Ship Safety
iii) Military
iv) Law Enforcement
v) Military
vi) Remote Sensing
vii) Space
viii) Law Enforcement
VI. CONCLUSION
Thus, the paper explains the digital
methodology behind the realization of waveform
generation. These digital methods facilitate the Radar
signal generator with high degree of flexibility. In the
digital waveform generation function based on the
pulse characteristics and modulation schemes, the
respective waveform code sample may vary. These
samples will be stored in the respective memory
modules. But this unique design model can be used
for the generation of different radar waveforms for
different radar systems. The utilization of the
customized cores in the design models delivers high
[8]
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level of performance and area efficiency. Thus it
resulted in an efficient implementation of the
hardware using less percentage of FPGA resources.
In addition, digital implementation is advantageous
because the system becomes highly flexible, simple
and reliable.
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[5]
[6]
[7]
Byron
Edde,
RADARPrinciples,
Technology, Applications.
Simon
kingsley,
Shaun
Quegan.Understanding Radar systems.
Merill Skolnik - Introduction to Radar
Systems,2nd ed, McGrawHill 1980.
JR Klauder AC Price, Sdarlington and
WJalbersheim,”the theory and design of
chirp radars” bell syst.tech j, vol 39pp745808.
NadavLevanon and Eli Mozenson Radar
SignalsIEEE Press, Wiley Interscience 2004.
L bomer and M antweiler, “Polyphase
barker
sequences”,electronic
lettersvol
25no.23pp1577-79november 09 1989.
Xilinx IP Cores and System Generator Users
Guide.
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