This document provides an overview of various radio and satellite navigation aids used in aviation, including:
1. Nondirectional radio beacons, VORs, TACAN, DME, ILS, marker beacons, and GPS satellites which provide navigation capabilities.
2. Airway and route systems like Victor airways, jet routes, and RNAV which define paths between navigation aids and waypoints for aircraft to follow.
3. Protected airspace standards for non-radar airways and routes to ensure safe separation between aircraft.
V.1.07
Presented by
FAA Academy
AirTraffic Division
Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
AdministrationAir Traffic Basics
50043/50143
Radio and Satellite
Navigation
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Radioand Satellite Navigation / V.1.07
Objectives
On an End-of-Lesson Test, you will identify:
1. Types, characteristics, and components of radio
and satellite navigational aids
2. Characteristics of airways and routes
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Radioand Satellite Navigation / V.1.07
Range and Classification
CLASS
T
L
H
H
H
H
DISTANCE AND ALTITUDES
12,000` and below
Below 18,000`
Below 14,500`
14,500` - 17,999`
18,000` - FL450
Above FL450
(MILES)
25
40
40
100
130
100
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Localizer
The same area applies to a
back course when provided.
localizer
transmitter
10NM
18NM
10NM
18NM
Localizer
transmitter
(course
guidance)
Normal limits of
localizer coverage. Front CourseBack Course
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Radioand Satellite Navigation / V.1.07
Response Item
• What is the upper limit of a low altitude
VOR airway?
A. Up to and including 18,000 feet MSL
B. Up to, but NOT including 18,000 feet MSL
C. Up to, but NOT including FL180