Data Communications,Data Networks,computer communications,multiplexing,spread spectrum,protocol architecture,data link protocols,signal encoding techniques,transmission media
Universal mobile telecommunication System (UMTS) is actually the third generation mobile, which uses WCDMA. The Dream was that 2G and 2.5G systems are incompatible around the world.
-Worldwide devices need to have multiple technologies inside of them, i.e. tri-band phones, dual-mode phones
To develop a single standard that would be accepted around the world.
-One device should be able to work anywhere.
Increased data rate.
- Maximum 2048Kbps
UMTS is developed by 3GPP (3 Generation Partnership Project) a joint venture of several organization
3G UMTS is a third-generation (3G): broadband, packet-based transmission of text, digitized voice, video, multimedia at data rates up to 2 Mbps
Also referred to as wideband code division multiple access(WCDMA)
Allows many more applications to be introduce to a worldwide
Also provide new services like alternative billing methods or calling plans.
The higher bandwidth also enables video conferencing or IPTV.
Once UMTS is fully available, computer and phone users can be constantly attached to the Internet wherever they travel and, as they roam, will have the same set of capabilities.
This is a power point Presentation about wifi and the various standards of IEEE used for the transmission of data over the wireless network.
You must have encountered with term 802.11.a/b/g/n of your wireless network device.
This presentation will break the ice for your knowledge about those terms, their standards and how they get connected.
Let's Get Started.
Data Communications,Data Networks,computer communications,multiplexing,spread spectrum,protocol architecture,data link protocols,signal encoding techniques,transmission media
Universal mobile telecommunication System (UMTS) is actually the third generation mobile, which uses WCDMA. The Dream was that 2G and 2.5G systems are incompatible around the world.
-Worldwide devices need to have multiple technologies inside of them, i.e. tri-band phones, dual-mode phones
To develop a single standard that would be accepted around the world.
-One device should be able to work anywhere.
Increased data rate.
- Maximum 2048Kbps
UMTS is developed by 3GPP (3 Generation Partnership Project) a joint venture of several organization
3G UMTS is a third-generation (3G): broadband, packet-based transmission of text, digitized voice, video, multimedia at data rates up to 2 Mbps
Also referred to as wideband code division multiple access(WCDMA)
Allows many more applications to be introduce to a worldwide
Also provide new services like alternative billing methods or calling plans.
The higher bandwidth also enables video conferencing or IPTV.
Once UMTS is fully available, computer and phone users can be constantly attached to the Internet wherever they travel and, as they roam, will have the same set of capabilities.
This is a power point Presentation about wifi and the various standards of IEEE used for the transmission of data over the wireless network.
You must have encountered with term 802.11.a/b/g/n of your wireless network device.
This presentation will break the ice for your knowledge about those terms, their standards and how they get connected.
Let's Get Started.
Performance Analysis of WiMAX Networks with Relay Stationidescitation
IEEE 802.16 is a Broadband Wireless Access (BWA)
network and thus it is considered to be an alternative solution
to wired broadband technologies. Relay station plays a
promising role of extending the range of Base station for long
distances in WiMAX networks. Relay station is suitable to
areas with limited infrastructure such as rural, hilly and lakes,
where it is difficult to install many Base stations with each
having wired connections and it is also suitable to those phases
where obstacles made the coverage limited. The Relay station
is placed in the network connectivity from Base stations and
extends the coverage of a single Base station. In this paper the
performance analysis of WiMAX technology including Relay
station has been done. This paper also focuses on increasing
number of nodes and distance from base station to the
performance of WiMAX networks.
This Presentation is useful to make PPT on the topic "Servlet and Servlet Life Cycle" in Advanced Java. This Presentation is also useful to study this topic.
This Presentation is used to create PPT on the topic "Chomsky Normal Form" in Theory of Computation. This presentation is also useful to study this topic.
This Presentation is useful to study about GSM means Global System for Mobile Communication. This Presentation is also useful to make PPT on this topic.
This Presentation is useful to study Advanced Engineering Mathematics about Fourier Series and Fourier Integral. This Presentation is also useful make PPT on this topic.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
5. IEEE 802.11 SERVICES
IEEE 802.11 defines nine services that need to
be provided by the wireless LAN to provide
functionality equivalent to that which is
inherent to wired LANs.
Table lists the services and indicates two ways
of categorizing them.
6. IEEE 802.11 SERVICES
No. Service Provider Used to Support
1 Association Distribution system MSDU delivery
2 Authentication Station LAN access and security
3 Deauthentication Station LAN access and security
4 Disassociation Distribution system MSDU delivery
5 Distribution Distribution system MSDU delivery
6 Integration Distribution system MSDU delivery
7 MSDU delivery Station MSDU delivery
8 Privacy Station LAN access and security
9 Reassocation Distribution system MSDU delivery
7. IEEE 802.11 SERVICES
1. The service provider can be either the station or the DS.
Station services are implemented in every 802.11
station, including AP stations. Distribution services are
provided between BSSs; these services may be
implemented in an AP or in another special-purpose
device attached to the distribution system.
2. Three of the services are used to control IEEE 802.11
LAN access and confidentiality. Six of the services are
used to support delivery of MAC service data units
(MSDUs) between stations. The MSDU is a block of data
passed down from the MAC user to the MAC layer;
typically this is a LLC PDU. If the MSDU is too large to be
transmitted in a single MAC frame, it may be
fragmented and transmitted in a series of MAC frames.
8. DISTRIBUTION OF MESSAGES WITHIN A DS
The two services involved with the distribution of messages
within a DS are distribution and integration.
1. Distribution is the primary service used by stations to
exchange MAC frames when the frame must traverse the DS
to get from a station in one BSS to a station in another BSS.
If the two stations that are communicating are within the
same BSS, then the distribution service logically goes
through the single AP of that BSS.
2. The integration service enables transfer of data between a
station on an IEEE 802.11 LAN and a station on an integrated
IEEE 802.x LAN. The term integrated refers to a wired LAN
that is physically connected to the DS and whose stations
may be logically connected to an IEEE 802.11 LAN via the
integration service. The integration service takes care of any
address translation and media conversion logic required for
the exchange of data.
9. ASSOCIATION-RELATED SERVICES
The primary purpose of the MAC layer is to transfer MSDUs between
MAC entities; this purpose is fulfilled by the distribution service. For
that service to function, it requires information about stations within
the ESS that is provided by the association-related services.
The standard defines three transition types, based on mobility:
1. No transition: A station of this type is either stationary or moves only
within the direct communication range of the communicating stations
of a single BSS.
2. BSS transition: This is defined as a station movement from one BSS to
another BSS within the same ESS. In this case, delivery of data to the
station requires that the addressing capability be able to recognize the
new location of the station.
3. ESS transition: This is defined as a station movement from a BSS in
one ESS to a BSS within another ESS. This case is supported only in the
sense that the station can move. Maintenance of upper-layer
connections supported by 802.11 cannot be guaranteed. In fact,
disruption of service is likely to occur.
10. To deliver a message within a DS, the distribution
service needs to know where the destination
station is located.
Specifically, the DS needs to know the identity of
the AP to which the message should be delivered in
order for that message to reach the destination
station.
To meet this requirement, a station must maintain
an association with the AP within its current BSS.
Three services relate to this requirement.
11. Association: Establishes an initial association between a
station and an AP. Before a station can transmit or receive
frames on a wireless LAN, its identity and address must be
known. For this purpose, a station must establish an
association with an AP within a particular BSS. The AP can then
communicate this information to other APs within the ESS to
facilitate routing and delivery of addressed frames.
Reassociation: Enables an established association to be
transferred from one AP to another, allowing a mobile station
to move from one BSS to another.
Disassociation: A notification from either a station or an AP
that an existing association is terminated. A station should give
this notification before leaving an ESS or shutting down.
However, the MAC management facility protects itself against
stations that disappear without notification.
12. REFERENCES
Inspiration from Prof. Nitin Patel, Prof. Rashmin
Prajapati and Prof. Tejas Bhatt
Notes of MCWC
Textbook of MCWC
Images from Google Images