Construction of cables
Parts of a cable
Properties of cable insulators
Properties of conductors
Types of cables
Underground cables
Methods of laying underground cables
Types of cable faults
Comparison between overhead and underground cables
Modern underground power cables are sophisticated assemblies of insulators, conductors and protective materials. Within these components are sensors, which enable cable operators to monitor conditions along the cable in real time.
The condition of the cable insulation is usually monitored through the following two main methods:
Loss tangent measurements
Partial discharge (PD) measurements
Construction of cables
Parts of a cable
Properties of cable insulators
Properties of conductors
Types of cables
Underground cables
Methods of laying underground cables
Types of cable faults
Comparison between overhead and underground cables
Modern underground power cables are sophisticated assemblies of insulators, conductors and protective materials. Within these components are sensors, which enable cable operators to monitor conditions along the cable in real time.
The condition of the cable insulation is usually monitored through the following two main methods:
Loss tangent measurements
Partial discharge (PD) measurements
Electrical Wiring:Types of wires and Cables and the circuit control on domest...maharshi solanki
Electrical Wiring:Types of wires and Cables and the circuit control on domestic installation
Prepared by: Maharshi Solanki
Guided by:Prof. Jaydeep Vanpariya
Since the loads having the trends towards growing density. This requires the better appearance, rugged construction, greater service reliability and increased safety. An underground cable essentially consists of one or more conductors covered with suitable insulation and surrounded by a protecting cover. The interference from external disturbances like storms, lightening, ice, trees etc. should be reduced to achieve trouble free service. The cables may be buried directly in the ground, or may be installed in ducts buried in the ground.
Basic Difference Between Wires and CablesDr.Raja R
Basic Difference Between Wires and Cables
What’s the basic difference between Wires and Cables?
List some of the basic differences between Wires and Cables
Different uses of Wire and Cable
Types of Wire and Cable
Different advantages of using Wire and Cable
Cables are often the last component considered during system design even if in many situations cables are the true system’s lifeline: if a cable fails, the entire system may stop. Cable reliability is therefore extremely important, then a cable system should be engineered to last the life of the system in the installation environment for the required application. Environments in which cable systems are being used are often challenging, as extreme temperatures, chemicals, abrasion, and extensive flexing. These variables have a direct impact on the materials used for cable insulation and jacketing as well as the construction of the cable. Using a systematic approach will help ensure that designer select the best cable for the required application in the installation environment. This lessons will provide students main guidelines for perform this approach.
Electrical Wiring:Types of wires and Cables and the circuit control on domest...maharshi solanki
Electrical Wiring:Types of wires and Cables and the circuit control on domestic installation
Prepared by: Maharshi Solanki
Guided by:Prof. Jaydeep Vanpariya
Since the loads having the trends towards growing density. This requires the better appearance, rugged construction, greater service reliability and increased safety. An underground cable essentially consists of one or more conductors covered with suitable insulation and surrounded by a protecting cover. The interference from external disturbances like storms, lightening, ice, trees etc. should be reduced to achieve trouble free service. The cables may be buried directly in the ground, or may be installed in ducts buried in the ground.
Basic Difference Between Wires and CablesDr.Raja R
Basic Difference Between Wires and Cables
What’s the basic difference between Wires and Cables?
List some of the basic differences between Wires and Cables
Different uses of Wire and Cable
Types of Wire and Cable
Different advantages of using Wire and Cable
Cables are often the last component considered during system design even if in many situations cables are the true system’s lifeline: if a cable fails, the entire system may stop. Cable reliability is therefore extremely important, then a cable system should be engineered to last the life of the system in the installation environment for the required application. Environments in which cable systems are being used are often challenging, as extreme temperatures, chemicals, abrasion, and extensive flexing. These variables have a direct impact on the materials used for cable insulation and jacketing as well as the construction of the cable. Using a systematic approach will help ensure that designer select the best cable for the required application in the installation environment. This lessons will provide students main guidelines for perform this approach.
All about fibre optics prepares by some university students.It covers all the aspects of optical fibre which includes the working principle, advantages of optics, application and how total internal reflections occurs in a wire.
Data can be stored as long as required (i.e. magnetic disks
rather than computer memory)
– Retrieve information.
• Sharing
– Can be used by multiple users simultaneously
– Unless two people are trying to change the same data at the
same time they should be able to operate independently
• Interrelated
– Link information about different elements to provide a
complete picture
Databases
Properties
3/4/2007 Sanjay Goel, School of Business,
This Presentation is useful to make PPT on the topic "Servlet and Servlet Life Cycle" in Advanced Java. This Presentation is also useful to study this topic.
This Presentation is used to create PPT on the topic "Chomsky Normal Form" in Theory of Computation. This presentation is also useful to study this topic.
This Presentation is useful to study about GSM means Global System for Mobile Communication. This Presentation is also useful to make PPT on this topic.
This Presentation is useful to study Advanced Engineering Mathematics about Fourier Series and Fourier Integral. This Presentation is also useful make PPT on this topic.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
4. Guided Transmission Media
• Guided media are those that provide a channel
from one device to another.
• The three Guided (Physical) media commonly used
for data transmission are:
1. Twisted-Pair
2. Coaxial
3. Fiber Optics
5. Twisted Pair
• A twisted pair consists of two insulated copper
wires, typically about 1 mm thick.
• The wires are twisted together in a helical form,
just like a DNA molecule.
• Twisting is done because two parallel wires
constitute a fine antenna.
• When the wires are twisted, the waves from
different twists cancel out, so the wire radiates less
effectively.
7. Why cable is twisted?
• If the two wires are parallel, the effect of these
unwanted signals is not the same in both wires
because they are at different locations relatives to
the noise or crosstalk sources.
• This results in a difference at the receiver.
• By twisting the pair, a balance is maintained.
8. Types of Twisted-Pair Cable
• Types of Twisted-Pair Cable
1. Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP)
• Twisted pair cabling comes in several varieties, two of
which are important for computer networks.
• Category 3 twisted pairs consist of two insulated wires
gently twisted together.
• Most office buildings had one category 3 cable running
from a central wiring closet on each floor into each
office.
• Category 5 is the more advanced twisted pairs were
introduced.
9. Conti…
• They are similar to category 3 pairs, but with more
twists per centimeter, which results in less crosstalk
and a better-quality signal over longer distances,
making them more suitable for high speed
computer communication.
• Up-and-coming categories are 6 and 7, which are
capable of handling signals with bandwidths of 250
MHz and 600 MHz, respectively.
11. Types of Twisted-Pair Cable
2. Shielded twisted-pair
• STP cable has a metal foil or braided mesh covering that
encases each pair of insulated conductors.
• Metal casing improves the quality of cable by preventing
the penetration of noise or crosstalk.
• It is bulkier and more expensive.
• Applications:
Used in telephone lines to provide voice and data
channels.
The DSL lines uses by telephone companies use the high-
bandwidth capability of UTP cables.
LANs, such as 10Base-T, 100Base-T also uses twisted-pair
cables.
12. Coaxial Cable
• It has better shielding than twisted pairs, so it can span
longer distances at higher speeds.
• Two kinds of coaxial cable are widely used. One kind is
50-ohm cable which is commonly used when it is
intended for digital transmission from the start.
• The other kind is 75-ohm cable which is commonly used
for analog transmission and cable television but is
becoming more important with the advent of Internet
over cable.
• A coaxial cable consists of a stiff copper wire as the core
surrounded by an insulating material.
13. • The insulator is encased by a cylindrical conductor,
often as a closely-woven braided mesh.
• The outer conductor is covered in a protective plastic
sheath.
• The construction and shielding of the coaxial cable give
it a good combination of high bandwidth and excellent
noise immunity.
• The bandwidth possible depends on the cable quality,
length and signal-to-noise ratio of the data signal.
Modern cables have a bandwidth of close to 1 GHz.
• Coaxial cables used is widely used within the telephone
system for long-distance lines but have now largely
been replaced by fiber optics on long-haul routes.
15. Fiber Optics
• A fiber-optic cable is made of glass or plastic and
transmits signals in the form of light.
• Optical fibers use reflection to guide light through a
channel.
• A glass or plastic core is surrounded by a cladding of
less dense glass or plastic.
• The difference in density of the two materials must
be such that a beam of light moving through a core
is reflected off the cladding instead of being
refracted into it.
17. Conti…
• Fiber optic cables are similar to coax, except without
the braid.
• Figure shows a single fiber viewed from the side. At the
centre is the glass core through which the light
propagates.
• The core is surrounded by a glass cladding with a lower
index of refraction than the core, to keep all the light in
the core.
• Next comes a thin plastic jacket to protect the cladding.
Fibers are typically grouped in bundles, protected by an
outer sheath. Figure shows a sheath with three fibers.
18. References
• Inspiration from Prof. Arpit Rana, Prof. Nisha Velani
and Prof. Keyur Upadhyay
• Notes of CN
• Textbook of CN
• Images from Google Images
• Some my own Knowledge
