This document presents an overview of ICH Q8 guidelines for pharmaceutical product development using Quality by Design (QbD) principles. It discusses key QbD concepts like Quality Target Product Profile, critical quality attributes, critical process parameters, and design space. The document also summarizes the contents that should be included in the CTD quality module regarding drug substances, formulation development, manufacturing process, container closure system, microbiological attributes, and compatibility studies. Finally, it emphasizes that QbD ensures quality is built into the product design rather than relying solely on end-product testing.

1. ICH GUIDELINE Q8 (PRODUCT
DEVELOPMEMT)
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Presented By-
ROHIT
R.K.S.D college of pharmacy, Kaithal
(Hry)
M.Pharma 1st year
(Pharmaceutics)

2. PRESENTATION OUTLINE
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1. Introduction
2. QbD approach
3. QbD process flow
4. ICH Q8 R2 guidelines
5. Contents for 3. 2.P.2 for CTD module 3
6. Component of drug product
7. Formulation development
8. Container and closure system
9. Microbiological attributes
10. Compatibility
11. Conclusion
12. Reference

3. INTRODUCTION:
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 The pharmaceutical industry is one of the most strictly regulated and its products are of
excellent quality.
 However, issues suggesting improvements pharmaceutical development and
manufacturing are noticeable in cases of batch failures and reworks, regulatory issues,
implementation of new technologies, etc.
 QbD assures the quality of a pharmaceutical product through scientific development and
risk management tools, and will eventually enable real-time release, regardless of the
formulation type.
 QUALITY BY DESIGN (QBD) IS A CONCEPT INTRODUCED BY THE
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HARMONIZATION (ICH)Q8 GUIDELINE,
AS A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO DEVELOPMENT, WHICH BEGINS WITH
PREDEFINED OBJECTIVES AND EMPHASIZES PRODUCT AND PROCESS
UNDERSTANDING AND PROCESS CONTROL, BASED ON SOUND SCIENCE
AND QUALITY RISK MANAGEMENT

4. QbD Approach:
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 Quality Target Product Profile (QTPP): According to the ICH Q8
guideline, QTPP is a prospective summary of the quality characteristics of
a drug product to ensure the desired quality, taking into account safety and
efficacy of that drug product.
 Through the scientifically based process of product development, critical
process parameters (CPPs), and critical quality attributes (CQAs) of
the product are identified.
 CQA is a physical, chemical, biological, or microbiological property or
characteristic that should be within an appropriate limit, range, or
distribution to ensure the desired product quality.
 CPP is a process parameter whose variability has an impact on a CQA.

5. QbD process flow
1.Identify QTPPs
2.Identify CQAs and CPPs
3.Set up DoE , establish relationship between CQAs
and CPPs
4.Define design space with an end product of desired
QTTPs
5.Identify and control the source of variability
6.Continually monitor manufacturing process
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6. ICHQ8(R2): Pharmaceutical Development
Guideline:
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•The ICH Q8 guideline describes GOOD PRACTICES FOR
PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT.
•ICHQ8 Pharmaceutical Development describes the principles of QbD,
outlines the key elements, and provides illustrative examples for
pharmaceutical drug products.
•It is often emphasized that the QUALITY of a pharmaceutical product
should be BUILT IN BY DESIGN RATHER THAN BY TESTINGALONE.

7. • The ICH Q8 guideline suggests that those aspects of drug substances, excipients,
container closure systems, and manufacturing processes that are critical to product
quality, should be DETERMINED AND CONTROL STRATEGIES justified.
• Some of the tools that should be applied during the design space appointment include
experimental designs, PAT,prior knowledge, quality risk management principles,etc.
• PAT(ProcessAnalytical Technology) is a system for designing, analyzing, and
controlling manufacturing through timely measurements (i.e. during processing) of
critical quality and performance attributes of raw and in-process materials and
processes with the goal of ensuring final product quality .
• Pfizer was one of the first companies to implement QbD and PAT concepts.
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8. Contents for 3.2.P.2 of CTD Quality Module 3
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1.Components of drug product (drug substance/
excipients)
2. Formulation Development.
3. Manufacturing Process Development
4. Container Closure System
5. MicrobiologicalAttributes
6. Compatibility

9. COMPONENTS OF DRUG PRODUCT GIVEN BY ICH
Q8
DRUG SUBSTANCES-
“The physicochemical and biological properties of the drug substance that can influence the
performance of the drug product and its manufacturability.”
Examples of physicochemical and biological properties that might need to be examined
include-
Solubility,Water content,Particle size,Crystal properties,Biological activity,Permeability
EXCIPIENTS -
The excipients chosen, their concentration, and the characteristics that can influence the
drug product performance or manufacturability should be discussed relative to the
respective function of each excipients.
The compatibility of the drug substance with excipients should be evaluated.
For products that contain more than one drug substance, the compatibility of the drug
substances with each other should also be evaluated. 9

10. FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT
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•A summary should be provided describing the development of the formulation,
including identification of those attributes that are critical to the quality of thedrug
product and also highlight the evolution of the formulation design from initial
concept up to the final design.
•Information from comparative in vitro studies (e.g., dissolution) or comparative in
vivo studies (e.g., BE) that links clinical formulations to the proposed commercial
formulation.
•A successful correlation can assist in the selection of appropriate dissolution
acceptance criteria, and can potentially reduce the need for further bioequivalence
studies following changes to the product or its manufacturing process.

11. CONTAINER AND CLOSURE SYSTEM
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• The choice for selection of the container closure system for the commercial product
should be discussed.
• The choice of materials for primary packaging and secondary packaging should be
justified.
• A possible interaction between product and container or label should be considered.

12. MICROBIOLOGICALATTRIBUTES
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• The selection and effectiveness of preservative systems in products containing
antimicrobial preservative or the antimicrobial effectiveness of products that are
inherently antimicrobial.
• For sterile products, the integrity of the container closure system as it relatesto
preventing microbial contamination.
• The lowest specified concentration of antimicrobial preservative should be
justified in terms of efficacy and safety, such that the minimum concentration of
preservative that gives the required level of efficacy throughout the intended
shelf life of the product is used.

13. COMPATIBILITY
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• The compatibility of the drug product with reconstitution diluents (e.g., precipitation,
stability) should be addressed to provide appropriate and supportive information for
the labelling.
• This information should cover the recommended in-use shelf life, at the
recommended storage temperature and at the likely extremes of concentration.
Similarly, admixture or dilution of products prior to administration (e.g.,product
added to large volume infusion containers) might need to be addressed.

14. CONCLUSION:
 Concepts of QbD are ever-growing need for better
understanding of the formulation and process
development by pharmaceutical scientists.
 Benefits of QbD application for both regulatory
agencies and manufacturers have been proven.
 It is clear the QbD will become a necessity, therefore all
the stakeholders should adapt to its implementation.
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