The document summarizes ICH Q8 guidelines for pharmaceutical product development using a Quality by Design (QbD) approach. It discusses key QbD concepts like quality target product profiles, critical quality attributes, critical process parameters, and design space. The guidelines suggest determining aspects of drug substances, excipients, manufacturing processes, and container closure systems that are critical to quality. They provide guidance on contents for drug product development documentation, including formulation development, compatibility studies, container closure selection, and ensuring microbiological attributes and stability. The QbD approach aims to build quality into pharmaceutical products from the design stage through understanding and control of material and process variables.
NEW ERA OF DRUG PRODUCT: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGESganpat420
Abstract
Introduction
Global pharmaceutical industry
Indian pharmaceutical industry
Indian Pharmaceutical Market
Opportunities
Challenges
Conclusion
References
NEW ERA OF DRUG PRODUCT: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGESganpat420
Abstract
Introduction
Global pharmaceutical industry
Indian pharmaceutical industry
Indian Pharmaceutical Market
Opportunities
Challenges
Conclusion
References
What is IPQC & IPQC Test
Appearance
Drug content determination
pH
Sensitivity test
Spreadability
Rate of absorption
Extrudability
Consistency Test
Rheology & Viscosity
FDA’s emphasis on quality by design began with the recognition that increased testing does not improve product quality (this has long been recognized in other industries).In order for quality to increase, it must be built into the product. To do this requires understanding how formulation and manufacturing process variables influence product quality.Quality by Design (QbD) is a systematic approach to pharmaceutical development that begins with predefined objectives and emphasizes product and process understanding and process control, based on sound science and quality risk management.
This presentation - Part II in the series- deals with the concepts of Quality Target Product Profile and Critical Quality attributes.This presentation was compiled from material freely available from FDA , ICH , EMEA and other free resources on the world wide web
What is IPQC & IPQC Test
Appearance
Drug content determination
pH
Sensitivity test
Spreadability
Rate of absorption
Extrudability
Consistency Test
Rheology & Viscosity
FDA’s emphasis on quality by design began with the recognition that increased testing does not improve product quality (this has long been recognized in other industries).In order for quality to increase, it must be built into the product. To do this requires understanding how formulation and manufacturing process variables influence product quality.Quality by Design (QbD) is a systematic approach to pharmaceutical development that begins with predefined objectives and emphasizes product and process understanding and process control, based on sound science and quality risk management.
This presentation - Part II in the series- deals with the concepts of Quality Target Product Profile and Critical Quality attributes.This presentation was compiled from material freely available from FDA , ICH , EMEA and other free resources on the world wide web
Qbd is a technique of planing a safeguard for the formulation from the process of starting material to the final product , its main aim is to built the quality in the product not to testing.
Quality-by-Design In Pharmaceutical DevelopmentPrabhjot kaur
Quality-by-Design In Pharmaceutical Development: Introduction, ICH Q8 guideline, Regulatory and industry views on QbD, Scientifically based QbD - examples of application. M. Pharmacy 2nd Semester (Computer aided drug delivery system)
Pharmaceutical development report (pdr)Atul Bhombe
pharmaceutical development report PDR is the one of the significant document of CTD (common technical document) which requires for in approval of new drug process
What is ICH Q8 guidelines?
Image result for ICH Pharmaceutical development guideline-Q8
The ICH Q8 guideline is intended to provide guidance on the contents of Section 3.2. P. 2 (Pharmaceutical Development) for drug products as defined in the scope of Module 3 of the Common Technical Document (ICH topic M4).
DEFINITION,PRINCIPLE, OBJECTIVES, ELEMENTS AND TOOLS OF QUALITY BY DESIGN (Qb...Durgadevi Ganesan
Quality by Design is a concept first outlined by Joseph M. Juran in various publications. He supposed that quality could be planned. The concept of QBD was mention in ICH Q8 guidelines, which states that, “To identify quality can not be tested in products, i.e. Quality should be built in to product by design.”
What is Quality by Design (QbD)?
Quality by Design (QbD) is a strategic approach employed in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, manufacturing, and product development, to ensure the consistent delivery of high-quality products.
Why QbD?
Principle of QbD
Objectives of QbD
ELEMENTS OF PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY BY DESIGN:
- Quality Target Product Profile
- Critical Quality Attributes
- Product Design and Understanding
- Process Design and Understanding
- Process Design and Understanding
- Design space
- Control Strategy
- Continual Improvement
DESIGN TOOLS
- Prior Knowledge
- Risk Assessment
- Mechanistic Model, Design of Experiments, and Data Analysis
- Process Analytical Technology
This is the seminar on Quality By Design (QbD) .
In this will discuss about Concept , Objectives, Benefits, Key Aspects of QbD.
Specially Design for a Seminar type Presentation.
Thank You , Keep reading and keep sharing.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
1. ICH GUIDELINE Q8
(PRODUCT DEVELOPMEMT)
PRESENTED BY:
SWASTIK JYOTI PAL
M.PHARM 2ND SEM
PHARMACEUTICS DEPARTMENT
BENGAL SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY
ROLL NO. - 19320318001
1
2. PRESENTATION OUTLINE
1. Introduction
2. QbD approach
3. QbD process flow
4. ICH Q8 R2 guidelines
5. Contents for 3. 2.P.2 for CTD module 3
6. Component of drug product
7. Formulation development
8. Container and closure system
9. Microbiological attributes
10. Compatibility
11. Conclusion
12. Reference
2
3. INTRODUCTION:
The pharmaceutical industry is one of the most strictly regulated and its products are of
excellent quality.
However, issues suggesting improvements pharmaceutical development and
manufacturing are noticeable in cases of batch failures and reworks, regulatory issues,
implementation of new technologies, etc.
QbD assures the quality of a pharmaceutical product through scientific development and
risk management tools, and will eventually enable real-time release, regardless of the
formulation type.
QUALITY BY DESIGN (QBD) IS A CONCEPT INTRODUCED BY THE
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HARMONIZATION (ICH)Q8 GUIDELINE,
AS A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO DEVELOPMENT, WHICH BEGINS WITH
PREDEFINED OBJECTIVES AND EMPHASIZES PRODUCT AND PROCESS
UNDERSTANDING AND PROCESS CONTROL, BASED ON SOUND SCIENCE
AND QUALITY RISK MANAGEMENT
3
4. QbD Approach:
Quality Target Product Profile (QTPP): According to the ICH Q8
guideline, QTPP is a prospective summary of the quality characteristics of
a drug product to ensure the desired quality, taking into account safety and
efficacy of that drug product.
Through the scientifically based process of product development, critical
process parameters (CPPs), and critical quality attributes (CQAs) of
the product are identified.
CQA is a physical, chemical, biological, or microbiological property or
characteristic that should be within an appropriate limit, range, or
distribution to ensure the desired product quality.
CPP is a process parameter whose variability has an impact on a CQA.
4
5. QbD process flow
1.Identify QTPPs
2.Identify CQAs and CPPs
3.Set up DoE , establish relationship between CQAs
and CPPs
4.Define design space with an end product of desired
QTTPs
5.Identify and control the source of variability
6.Continually monitor manufacturing process
5
6. ICHQ8(R2): Pharmaceutical Development
Guideline:
•The ICH Q8 guideline describes GOOD PRACTICES FOR
PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT.
•ICHQ8 Pharmaceutical Development describes the principles of QbD,
outlines the key elements, and provides illustrative examples for
pharmaceutical drug products.
•It is often emphasized that the QUALITY of a pharmaceutical product
should be BUILT IN BY DESIGN RATHER THAN BY TESTING ALONE.
6
7. • The ICH Q8 guideline suggests that those aspects of drug substances, excipients,
container closure systems, and manufacturing processes that are critical to product
quality, should be DETERMINED AND CONTROL STRATEGIES justified.
• Some of the tools that should be applied during the design space appointment include
experimental designs, PAT, prior knowledge, quality risk management principles, etc.
• PAT(Process Analytical Technology) is a system for designing, analyzing, and
controlling manufacturing through timely measurements (i.e. during processing) of
critical quality and performance attributes of raw and in-process materials and
processes with the goal of ensuring final product quality .
• Pfizer was one of the first companies to implement QbD and PAT concepts.
7
8. Contents for 3.2.P.2 of CTD Quality Module 3
3.2.P.2.1 Components of drug product (drug substance/
excipients)
3.2.P.2.2 Formulation Development.
3.2.P.2.3 Manufacturing Process Development
3.2.P.2.4 Container Closure System
3.2.P.2.5 Microbiological Attributes
3.2.P.2.6 Compatibility
8
9. COMPONENTS OF DRUG PRODUCT GIVEN BY ICH
Q8
DRUG SUBSTANCES-
“The physicochemical and biological properties of the drug substance that can influence the
performance of the drug product and its manufacturability.”
Examples of physicochemical and biological properties that might need to be examined
include-
Solubility,Water content,Particle size,Crystal properties,Biological activity,Permeability
EXCIPIENTS -
The excipients chosen, their concentration, and the characteristics that can influence the
drug product performance or manufacturability should be discussed relative to the
respective function of each excipients.
The compatibility of the drug substance with excipients should be evaluated.
For products that contain more than one drug substance, the compatibility of the drug
substances with each other should also be evaluated. 9
10. FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT
• A summary should be provided describing the development of the formulation,
including identification of those attributes that are critical to the quality of the drug
product and also highlight the evolution of the formulation design from initial
concept up to the final design.
• Information from comparative in vitro studies (e.g., dissolution) or comparative in
vivo studies (e.g., BE) that links clinical formulations to the proposed commercial
formulation.
• A successful correlation can assist in the selection of appropriate dissolution
acceptance criteria, and can potentially reduce the need for further bioequivalence
studies following changes to the product or its manufacturing process.
10
11. CONTAINER AND CLOSURE SYSTEM
• The choice for selection of the container closure system for the commercial product
should be discussed.
• The choice of materials for primary packaging and secondary packaging should be
justified.
• A possible interaction between product and container or label should be considered.
11
12. MICROBIOLOGICALATTRIBUTES
• The selection and effectiveness of preservative systems in products containing
antimicrobial preservative or the antimicrobial effectiveness of products that are
inherently antimicrobial.
• For sterile products, the integrity of the container closure system as it relates to
preventing microbial contamination.
• The lowest specified concentration of antimicrobial preservative should be
justified in terms of efficacy and safety, such that the minimum concentration of
preservative that gives the required level of efficacy throughout the intended
shelf life of the product is used.
12
13. COMPATIBILITY
• The compatibility of the drug product with reconstitution diluents (e.g., precipitation,
stability) should be addressed to provide appropriate and supportive information for
the labelling.
• This information should cover the recommended in-use shelf life, at the
recommended storage temperature and at the likely extremes of concentration.
Similarly, admixture or dilution of products prior to administration (e.g.,product
added to large volume infusion containers) might need to be addressed.
13
14. CONCLUSION:
Concepts of QbD are ever-growing need for better
understanding of the formulation and process
development by pharmaceutical scientists.
Benefits of QbD application for both regulatory
agencies and manufacturers have been proven.
It is clear the QbD will become a necessity, therefore all
the stakeholders should adapt to its implementation.
14
15. REFERENCE
1. Pharmaceutical development. Q8(R2). ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline.
Accessed from
https://www.ich.org/fileadmin/Public_Web.../Guidelines/.../Q8_R2_Guideline.pdf
2. Zhang L, Mao S. Application of quality by design in the current drug development.
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2017 Jan 1;12(1):1-8.
3. Djuris.L.Computer Aided Application in Pharmaceutical Technology. Woodhead
Publishing; 2013 ; page 1-14.
15