Photogrammetry is a scientific method that uses photography to reconstruct the 3D form and spatial position of objects from photographs. It involves acquiring images of an object from different positions and then using software to detect targets in the images and compute precise 3D coordinates. ICam systems are portable photogrammetry systems that employ triangulation to measure 3D coordinates of points on an object contactlessly using a digital camera, coded targets, and processing software. ICam offers high measurement accuracy down to 0.005mm and is suited for applications like inspection, deformation analysis, and crash testing.

1. Applications 3D ICam Photogrammetry

2. Photogrammetry is a scientific method of measurements using photography, means “measurement of an image” It is a collection of methods in order to reconstruct an object's spatial position and its 3-D form from photographs. It is also called a passive distance recognition and measurement method which facilitates non-contact reconstruction of spatial objects from their photographically adhered, reflected or emitted radiation.

3. The ICam Photogrammetry systems are high-accuracy portable CMM’s(Coordinate Measuring Machine). They can be used to determine the 3D coordinates of targets, of points materialized with adapters as well as of features.

4. The systems employ the basic principle of triangulation, whereby intersecting lines in space are used to compute the location of points and surfaces in all three dimensions. Objects are measured without being touched. The result are coordinates of the required object-points, topographical and thematical maps as well as rectified photographs.

5. The system consists of a camera, coded and un-coded targets, scale bars and for certain applications various adapters. For the measurement the points of interest are targeted. Adapters are placed in holes and other reference locations such as edges. Finally coded targets are attached and the scale bars are placed. Then a set of images is acquired with the digital camera.

6. The images are typically transferred to a computer for processing. The software will detect the coded and non-coded targets, compute the orientation of all the images, label the non-coded targets, compute precise 3D coordinates together with the calibration of the camera, and perform the scaling as well as transformation into the coordinate system of the part.

7. The coordinate system can be defined in a number of ways, either using a 3-2-1 alignment, reference values for the targets or adapters, or geometric primitive elements. The data can be used for an inspection and comparison to CAD, deformation or movement analysis, and crash test investigation.

8. ICam High-end Photogrammetry System ICam is Imetric‘s top of its class photogrammetry system. Due to its ease of use and portability, it is perfectly suited as a fast and flexible high-accuracy coordinate measuring machine (CMM) for 3D scanning navigation, crash test investigations and inspections as well as movement analysis. Even very large objects like ships and bridges can be measured.

9. ICam Key Benefits • Extremely accurate • Extremely portable • Easy to use Key Features • High accuracy • Contactless digitalization • Flexibility • Speed Applications • Scanning (via generation coordinate reference) • Inspection • Deformation or Crash Test Investigation • Ship Building Specifications Camera Resolution: 10 to 22 M Measurement Volume: 0.2 – to 30 meter Accuracy : 0.005 + 0.006 mm per M to 0.005 + 0.008 mm per M (depending on the camera)

11. The photographs may be used either for monitoring or for the generation of data.

12. The technique is non-intrusive.

13. The technique is ideal for recording detail of a complex nature

14. A high level of accuracy is achievable.

15. The use of digital data ensures total flexibility.

16. The level of detail to be extracted may be determined either by the client or the photogrammetrist.