Machine vision is a technology that uses imaging and cameras to provide automatic inspection and analysis for applications like quality control, process monitoring, and robot guidance. It can check for attributes like dimensions, patterns, and defects. A typical machine vision system consists of cameras, lighting, image processing software, and actuators. The general process involves image capture, preprocessing, analysis of regions of interest, feature extraction, and decision making.

1. MACHINE VISION
7A5-MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Prepared by: Alpesh C. Patel
Enrollment no: 160303109749
PARUL
UNIVERSITY
INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION AND ROBOTICS

2. WHAT IS MACHINE VISION?
• Machine vision (MV) is the technology and
methods used to provide imaging-based
automatic inspection and analysis for such
applications as automatic inspection,
process control, and robot guidance,
usually in industry.
• Machine vision is a term encompassing a
large number of technologies, software
and hardware products, integrated
systems, actions, methods and expertise.

3. MACHINE VISION APPLICATION
• inspection of manufactured goods such as:
• – semiconductor chips
• – automobiles
• – food
• – Pharmaceuticals
• – and others

4. MACHINE VISION CAPABILITIES
• Checks for:
– Gauging or measurement : Dimensions
– Serial numbers
– Presence of components
– Pattern matching
– Blob analysis or Edge detection
– Optical character recognition (OCR)
and barcode decoding
– Surface inspection
– Colour analysis

5. GENERAL PROCESS
• 1. Image Capture
• 2. Image Pre-processing
• 3. Definition of one or more (manual) regions of interest
• 4. Segmentation of the objects
• 5. Computation of object features
• 6. Decision as to the correctness of the segmented objects

6. TYPICAL SYSTEM
– 1 or more digital cameras (CCD or CMOS sensor)
– Optics : Lenses / mirrors
– Light Sources
– Input / Output hardware
– Synchronizing Trigger sensor
– Actuator
– A program

7. IMAGE CAPTURE
• note the difference between a vector & bitmap image

8. LIGHTING
• Front Lighting
– Best for surface items
Print
Etched numbers
• Back Lighting
– Better contrast for:
Gauging
positioning
• Ring lighting
– Intense, shadow-free
lighting along optical axis
• Directional
– Picking out surface effects
• Diffused
– Better for positioning
Less shadows & reflections
• Polarized light
– With polarized lens on camera
– Polarizing back lighting can
even render surface tensions visible
• Infrared or Ultraviolet

9. MULTIPLE CAMERAS
• Part handling is simplified - part moves
through on conveyor
• Part orientation is not required
• Inspection is done without slowing
manufacturing line
• Only minimal spacing between parts is
required

10. MULTIPLE CAMERAS (COND.)
•Processing of the image