The document discusses i-RAM (Intelligent Random Access Memory), which merges processing and memory into a single chip. It describes how i-RAM works, Gigabyte's i-RAM storage device, who produces i-RAM, i-RAM technology, and some of i-RAM's products like solutions for smart grids, street light management, and building automation. The document contains details on the history, definition, advantages, and challenges of i-RAM.

1. SEMINAR
ON
I-RAM
(Intelligent Random Access
Memory)
PRINKA GARG
MCA-IIIrd(5th sem)
MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATION

2. CONTENTS
•INTRODUCTION
•HISTORY
•DEFINITION
•PIM
•HOW IRAM WORKS
•GIGABYTE’S I-RAM STORAGE DEVICE
•WHO IS I-RAM???
•TECHNOLOGY
•PRODUCTS
•I-RAM MEMORY
•I-RAM BOX
•GENERATION
•WILL I-RAM DOMINATE?

3. CONTENTS
•I-RAM PLUGINS
•DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RAM AND I-RAM
•BENFITS
•HOW TO CALCULATE RAM SPEED
•POTENTIAL ADVANTAGES OF I-RAM
•POTENTIAL DISADVANTAGES OF I-RAM

4. Introduction About I-RAM (Intelligent
Random Access Memory)
GIGABYTE's custom intelligent controller, i-RAM acts like a regular
SATA hard drive at theoretically 1.5Gb/s data transfer rate.
Most of all, the major issue of data lost after powering down is
solved by I-RAM's backup battery which is charged by your system on the
fly.
Power Interface
• PCI( Peripheral Component Interconnect) 2.2 mechanical compliant slot
• Support PCI 3V & 5V Slot
Data Transfer Interface
• One onboard SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment, )
connector supports 1.5Gb/s data transfer rate

5. Introduction About I-RAM (Intelligent
Random Access Memory)
Memory Interface
• Memory Slot : 4 DIMMs
• Memory Type : Unbuffered / Non-ECC DDR 200/266/333/400MHz
• Memory Capacity : 4GB
• Memory Height : up to 4.2mm
Backup Battery
• One 1,600mAh lithium battery
Battery Capacity Indicator
• 4-level LED battery capacity indicator
• One red battery capacity indicator button

6. Introduction About I-RAM (Intelligent
Random Access Memory)
Form Factor
• 22 x 10.4cm
System Requirement
• One available PCI 2.2 compliant slot
• One available SATA 1.5Gb/s compliant connector
• GIGABYTE Motherboards based on the following chipsets:
• Intel : ICH6 / ICH7 / ICH8 / ICH9 series
• VIA : 8237R/8237R+/8237A
• SiS : 964
• NVIDIA : NF4 SLI / NF4 4X / NF4 SLI Intel Edition + MCP04
ULi : M1689

7. Introduction About I-RAM (Intelligent
Random Access Memory)
Package Content
• One GIGABTE i-RAM
• One SATA 1.5Gb/s cable
• One i-RAM CD Driver
• One i-RAM Manual

8. I-RAM

9. History
In a 1996–2004 research project in
the Computer Science Division of the University of
University of California, Berkeley,
the Berkeley IRAM California, Berkeley
project explored Computer
Architecture enabled by the wide
bandwidth between memory and
processor made possible when both
are designed on the same integrated
circuit (chip).

10. Definition of IRAM(Intelligent RAM)
Intelligent RAM, or IRAM, merges processing and memory into a
single chip to lower memory latency, increase memory
bandwidth, and improve energy efficiency as well as to allow more
flexible selection of memory size and organization. In addition, IRAM
promises savings in power and board area.

11. Definition of IRAM(Intelligent RAM)
This idea was introduced because of the two reasons:
1)the gap between processor and DRAM speed is growing at 50% per
year;

12. Definition of IRAM(Intelligent RAM)
2) The size and organization of memory on a single DRAM chip is
becoming awkward to use in a system.
The aim of Intelligent RAM is to intend a cost-effective computer
by designing a processor in a memory manufacture process, instead of
in a standard logic fabrication process, and contain memory on-chip.

13. PIM or Intelligent RAM (IRAM)
PIM (processor-in-memory) or IRAM (intelligent RAM)
approaches couple processor execution with large, high-
bandwidth, on-chip DRAM banks. PIM or IRAM merge processor
and memory into a single chip.
Advantages:
• DRAM can accommodate 30 to 50 times more data than the
same chip area devoted to caches.
• On-chip memory may be treated as main memory - in contrast to
a cache which is just a redundant memory copy.
• PIM decreases energy consumption in the memory system due to
the reduction of off-chip accesses.

14. PIM or Intelligent RAM (IRAM)
PIM Challenges:
• Scaling a system beyond a single PIM.
• The DRAM technology today does not allow on-chip coupling of high
performance processors with DRAM memory since the clock rate of
DRAM memory is too low.
• The PIM approach can be combined with most processor organizations.

15. How I-RAM Works
The expected advantages of IRAM are higher memory bandwidth (up
to two orders of magnitude), lower memory latency, higher energy
efficiency, flexible memory granularity and board space savings.
The interconnection of processor and memory within the chip, both
at the architecture and circuit level.
It has to meet the processor requirements for high memory
bandwidth and low memory latency in order to achieve high system
performance.
There are two other basic components:
• Memory subsystem
• Memory crossbar

16. How I-RAM Works
Figure Vector IRAM system floorplan

17. Gigabyte's I-RAM storage device
RAM disk without the fuss
Gigabyte unveiled the I-RAM, a $150 solid state-storage
device that plugs directly into a motherboard's Serial ATA
port, accommodates up to four run-of-the-mill DDR SDRAM
modules, and behaves like a normal hard drive without the need for
additional drivers or software.
Figure:
i-RAM, packed to
the gills with 4GB
of OCZ Value
Series memory

18. Gigabyte's I-RAM storage device
I-RAM revealed • The I-RAM's greatest asset is
easily its simplicity.
• The card with memory, plug it
into an available PCI slot, attach
a Serial ATA cable to your
motherboard, and you've got
yourself a solid-state hard drive.
• I-RAM with four DIMM slots,
each of which can accommodate
up to 1GB of unbuffered memory.

19. Gigabyte's I-RAM storage device
I-RAM revealed
• The Spartan-3 is programmed to act
as the i-RAM's memory
controller, Serial ATA controller, and
the link between the
two, accomplishing three tasks with
one piece of silicon.
• Gigabyte also equips the
I-RAM with a rechargeable
lithium ion battery that
packs 1600 milliamp-hours
of power.

20. Who is I-RAM????
I-Ram Technology TM is the newest division of Avant
Technology, one of the largest and oldest memory manufacturing
companies in the United States. With 24 years in business, we have
mastered the art of manufacturing RAM for PC’s, Servers, and other
OEM machines. Now it’s time for Apple. After years of engineering and
testing along with a significant financial investment we are proud to
offer I-Ram. The best 3rd party solution for Apple memory upgrades
100% Tested and Compatible
ISO Certified Manufacturing

21. I-RAM Technology
The human dependence on machines is increasing for every human
activity for error free decisions, control, and information generation and
distribution ultimately for improving the human lives. This trend results in
networking of the machines, appliances, devices and objects(“things”) for
exchanging information between machine-to-machine and machine-to-
humans.
Slide 1 Slide 2

22. I-RAM Technology
Slide 3 Slide 4
Slide 5 Slide 6

23. I-RAM Technology
Slide 7
Internet, the most innovative, successful and massive network ever
created by humans. The World Wide Web and Social Networking are the
most two successful application on the Internet
iRam is working on All-IP based Wireless Mesh Networking
technologies for realizing a scalable, secure and cost effective Internet of
Things

24. Products of I-RAM
Smart Grid
Smart Grid provides smooth and efficient delivery of electricity
from suppliers to consumers using two-way digital communication
technology to save energy, reduce cost and increase reliability.

25. Products of I-RAM
Street Light Management Solution
iRam Technologies brings the next generation wireless mesh technology
to the streets to save energy, improve efficiency and reduce the cost.
iRam provides solutions for various scenarios:
• Classical street lighting solutions: provides automation and connectivity to the
existing sodium vapor Lamps
• Existing LED light installations
• Greenfield deployment of fully two-way connected LED lights.
iRam provides unmatched features that helps in reducing the energy
and maintenance cost while improving the up-time:
• Scheduled ON/OF
• Daylight harvesting
• Real-time energy consumption, cost, CO2 release, saving, projected cost
• Event notification in case of power failure, light failure
• Lifetime of the LED/bulb
• Remote control and monitoring through Internet using PC,Tablets,Mobile Phones

26. Products of I-RAM
Street Light Management Solution
Additional features:
• Dimming during midnight when there is no traffic
• Diming for daylight harvesting
• Lighting control based on (ON, OFF, Dimming) Motion detection
Additional Applications with incremental cost:
• Environmental monitoring (Temperature, Humidity, pollution levels)
• Security and Safety applications
Oil & Gas
I-Ram Technologies provides solutions for Oil and Gas automation using
wireless mesh technology.....

27. Products of I-RAM
Building Automation
I-Ram technologies provides complete product solution portfolio for
building management including automated lighting, energy
measurement, displaying energy consumption information to the user in
real time, fire and smoke detection and HAVC control. All the solutions
come with ability to monitor and control over the Internet.
Key Features:
• Daylight harvesting / dimming of lights based on daylight
• Lights ON/OFF/Dimming based on detection of people's presence
• Real-time energy consumption, savings, etc.
• Statistics
• Controlling and monitoring over Internet
• Applications over smart phones are also provided to perform the same
operations using phones at user convenience.
• Modules normally operate using AC main supply with battery backup available
for few days.

28. Products of I-RAM
Connected Homes
We provide various solutions for Smart Homes
The Solutions include:
• Home safety/security
• Home Automation and Control
• Energy Management
• Smart appliances and entertainment systems
Industrial Automation
I-Ram Technologies provides innovative solutions for Industrial
Automation using wireless mesh technology for industrial automation,
remote data collection and monitoring. iRam's customized industrial
application solutions provide cost effective and efficient industrial
operation and improved decision making with real-time data capture.

29. Products of I-RAM
Environmental Monitoring
An efficient environmental monitoring enables the national authorities
to better manage the global warming threat. iRam has developed
innovative solutions to monitor the environment pollution level over a
large area with very cost effective methods. The measured gases are
Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide, Sulfur, Ammonia and particles in air.
Key Features:
• Multiple low cost sensors can be deployed over ten sq. km area to collect the
air samples.
• Modules mainly run on Line supply, optionally using solar energy with large
battery back up to operate during nights.
• Central server collects data from all sensors, analyses, generate reports and
maintain history of the reports.
• Modules are enclosed in weatherproof enclosures, pole mountable.

30. Products of I-RAM
I-RAM is also used for Plugs
The CPU gets more of the work load from plugins. Watch the System
Usage window---CPU (RTAS). A faster processor would be the best for
lots of plugins.

31. Products of I-RAM
I-RAM Drill
.
Product Description
Iram 12
• 4 Head Paper Drill
Min Distance between holes 60mm
Max pile height 65mm
Hydraulic table lift

32. I-Ram Memory :: The best 3rd party solution
for Apple memory upgrades.
Upgrading your memory is the cheapest and easiest way to give your
Mac a performance boost!
iRam Technology features memory upgrades for all of the latest
Apple machines as well as Macs that date back to the G3 PowerMac, the
first generation PowerBook, and more.

33. I-RAM-BOX
The i-RAM BOX became available August 2007. It is essentially a
full-width, half-height drive bay implementation of the PCI revision 1.3
product
i-RAM Box main differences:
• Half height 5.25" drive bay format
• Connects to a SATA port instead of the PCI bus
• Uses a standard 24-pin ATX(motherboard)
power cable for standby current (Y cable
supplied)
• Uses a standard 4-pin Molex power connector
• A fan header appears on PCB
• Slightly more spacious PCB layout

34. Generations of I-RAM
Second Generation i-RAM
The second generation i-RAM, GC-RAMDISK, was on display
at Computex 2006. Rather than using a PCI slot for powering the drive,
Gigabyte had implemented the GC-RAMDISK as a 5.25" drive unit
powered from a 4-pin Molex Connector.

35. Generations of I-RAM
3T I-RAM
General Description:
The name "3T-iRAM" comes from the three-transistor cell design
plus the letter "i" -- the engineering symbol for electric current -- to
represent the current-sensing technology employed.
3T-IRAM Speed:
The dramatic speed of 3T-iRAM was achieved by re-designing the
DRAM read mechanism to react to changes in current rather than changes
in voltage.
3T-iRAM chips incorporate another speed advantage. 3T-iRAM
chips require no idle time at all on turnaround; this contributes to their
speed.

36. Generations of I-RAM
3T I-RAM
3T-IRAM Density
3T-iRAM provides twice the capacity of standard SRAM in exactly
the same footprint. The reason for this is simple: standard SRAM
technology requires six transistors for each memory cell, but each 3T-
iRAM cell needs only three transistors.
3T-IRAM Soft Error Resistance
3T-iRAM is built on DRAM technology, it shares DRAM’s
reliability; like DRAM, it is more resistant to soft errors than SRAM.

37. Generations of I-RAM
3T I-RAM

38. Will intelligent RAM dominate?
Getting increasing attention is putting processing power directly
on RAM chips. One technique has been referred to as Intelligent
RAM (IRAM).
Another variation on this concept is known as Data Intensive
Architecture(DIVA), and features four processors per memory chip.
The DIVA architecture would not be ideally suited to the PC
architecture, it could be used in niche areas, such as computer
graphics.
One can choose to put large amounts of cache directly on
chip, or put processors directly on RAM; either way, future chips are
going to consist mostly of memory elements.

39. I-RAM Plug Ins

40. Difference between RAM and I-RAM
RAM(Random Access I-RAM(Intelligent
Memory) Random Access Memory)
1. When power is switched off all 1. When power is switched off data is
data is lost or volatile. not lost, if the battry is charged.
2. There is no battery card. 2. I-RAM card provides with battery.
3. Figure: 3. Figure:
4. RAM memory can be 4. I-RAM memory can be 4GB.
1GB,2GB,4GB and 8GB.
5. It require six transistor for each 5. It require just three transistors.
memory cell.

41. Benefits of IRAM
Here are some of the ways to use and benefit from the IRAM:
1. Set the internet temp folder to the ram drive. This will greatly increase
surfing speed.
2. Set the swap file to the Ram Drive There is the on going argument on the
swap file usage and large amounts of system memory
3. Put programs you use often and that are critical for speed:
- Games
- Graphic Editing
- Data programs with large data bases requiring sorting

42. How to calculate RAM speed
1 Download the Windows Memory Diagnostic from the Microsoft site
(link below). There is no charge for the download, and the tool will run a
comprehensive list of system tests in addition to the RAM test.
2 Print a copy of the diagnostic tool user guide, which is also available
on the linked download page, as you will not be able to refer to the online
copy while the tool is running.
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3 Launch the executable file (mtinst.exe) following the download, and
choose "Create Startup Disk" to create a floppy or optical disc of the
diagnostic tool.

43. How to calculate RAM speed
4 Shut down your computer, and reboot it with the floppy or optical disc
on which you installed Windows Memory Diagnostic in the appropriate
drive.
5 Agree to the Microsoft end-user license, and the first test pass will
begin. You can view the test progress, which is designed to take less than
a half-hour, on the user interface.
6 Review the test results, which will appear on the interface. Exit the
diagnostic tool once the first test has completed, as it will continue to run
over and over again.
7 Make certain to remove the startup disk you created, and then restart
your computer.

44. Potential Advantages of IRAM
• Lower Latency.
• Energy Efficiency.
• Memory Size and Width.
• Board Space.
• Fast transfer rate
• Fast access time
• No moving parts
• Lower cost than traditional solid-state drives
• Unlimited write cycles compared to flash memory
• Doesn't slow down over time

45. Potential Disadvantages of IRAM
• Area and speed of logic in a DRAM process
• Area and power impact of increasing bandwidth to DRAM core
• Retention time of DRAM core when operating at high temperatures
• Scaling a system beyond a single IRAM
• Matching IRAM to the commodity focus of the DRAM industry
• Testing IRAM
• High cost compared to traditional hard drives
• Low capacity (4 GiB maximum)
• Transfer rate restricted by SATA 150 bus (1.5 Gbit/s)
• Not physically compatible with all double-sided DDR RAM modules
using heat spreaders due to tight spacing
• Power loss causes data loss

46. Potential Disadvantages of IRAM
• The battery can fail, potentially difficult to find a replacement
battery
• Adding memory wipes data from all modules
• No ECC (Error Checking and correcting) support

47. I-RAM Parts Discription:

48. Smart Home

49. Queries…..??

50. THANKS…