This document discusses hypnosis from an evolutionary psychology perspective. It argues that hypnosis is an adaptive trait that provided benefits to individuals and groups throughout human evolution. Trance states facilitated group bonding, modulated pain and immune response, and increased healing. Rapport also had adaptive value by enhancing empathy and social learning. The document proposes hypnosis activates inner healing resources through the synergistic effects of rapport and trance. It views Milton Erickson's approach as implicitly evolutionary and recommends future work further integrate clinical hypnosis research with evolutionary theory and neuroscience.
A fundamental process in the formation of an individual’s mentation is the associations of experience. These associations not only account for constructive behavior, but can also lead to deleterious or negative behavior, suggesting that some associations are negative and therefore the negative behavior can be remolded through contrasting positive associations; however, to understand what this really means and how it works, we must start at the beginning and define what exactly is this negative behavior that we refer to by the term “mental illness.”
As hundreds of so-called “psychotherapies” have been foisted onto the public, all claiming to treat “mental illness,” newer understandings of how the human brain actually works and the processes which drive the formations of mentation that we refer to as “the mind,” demand a reassessment of what exactly we are referring to by the term “mental illness” and what kinds of intervention would be feasible in both the prevention of and recovery from cognitive and behavioral disorder.
Psychopharmacology is the study of drug-induced changes in mood, thinking, and behavior. These drugs may originate from natural sources such as plants and animals, or from artificial sources such as chemical syntheses in the laboratory.
Major Categories of Drugs
1- Neuroleptics 2- Anxiolytics 3- Hypnotics 4- Antidepressants 5- Mood Stabilizers 6- Psychostimulants
A fundamental process in the formation of an individual’s mentation is the associations of experience. These associations not only account for constructive behavior, but can also lead to deleterious or negative behavior, suggesting that some associations are negative and therefore the negative behavior can be remolded through contrasting positive associations; however, to understand what this really means and how it works, we must start at the beginning and define what exactly is this negative behavior that we refer to by the term “mental illness.”
As hundreds of so-called “psychotherapies” have been foisted onto the public, all claiming to treat “mental illness,” newer understandings of how the human brain actually works and the processes which drive the formations of mentation that we refer to as “the mind,” demand a reassessment of what exactly we are referring to by the term “mental illness” and what kinds of intervention would be feasible in both the prevention of and recovery from cognitive and behavioral disorder.
Psychopharmacology is the study of drug-induced changes in mood, thinking, and behavior. These drugs may originate from natural sources such as plants and animals, or from artificial sources such as chemical syntheses in the laboratory.
Major Categories of Drugs
1- Neuroleptics 2- Anxiolytics 3- Hypnotics 4- Antidepressants 5- Mood Stabilizers 6- Psychostimulants
The PowerPoint Presentation entitled 'Critical History and Future of Psychotherapy' provides viewers with a brief outline of the history and possible futures of this interesting area of inquiry and practice. Owing to the fact that psychotherapy has become in the last decades a vast area with hundreds of often competing approaches and ways of thinking about mental health issues, the presentation does not pretend that it can do the diversity of the field and its ways of thinking and inherent problems justice. Other presentations focusing on particular key aspects will follow. Please share your feedback with the author at slse@bigpond.net.au.
7 Principles of Mindfulness-Based Psychotherapyexquisitemind
A brief introduction to seven general principles useful in any form of mindfulness based psychotherapy and part of my teaching workshops on Metaphor, Meaning, and Mindfulness.
Psychology is all about the study of mind of living beings and to learn the ways to join their environment. Such study of psychology has been divided into categories which are the types of psychology. Some of the psychology details may overlaps each other. Such as school psychology will say about the children and care about psychological disorder.
The PowerPoint Presentation entitled 'Critical History and Future of Psychotherapy' provides viewers with a brief outline of the history and possible futures of this interesting area of inquiry and practice. Owing to the fact that psychotherapy has become in the last decades a vast area with hundreds of often competing approaches and ways of thinking about mental health issues, the presentation does not pretend that it can do the diversity of the field and its ways of thinking and inherent problems justice. Other presentations focusing on particular key aspects will follow. Please share your feedback with the author at slse@bigpond.net.au.
7 Principles of Mindfulness-Based Psychotherapyexquisitemind
A brief introduction to seven general principles useful in any form of mindfulness based psychotherapy and part of my teaching workshops on Metaphor, Meaning, and Mindfulness.
Psychology is all about the study of mind of living beings and to learn the ways to join their environment. Such study of psychology has been divided into categories which are the types of psychology. Some of the psychology details may overlaps each other. Such as school psychology will say about the children and care about psychological disorder.
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The ultimate guide to easily learning self-hypnosis for stress relief, weight loss, pain management, smoking and more!
In this course titled 'Master Self Hypnosis Now' By James Metcalf, CH, you will learn-
-A simple approach for conducting a self-hypnosis session
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The full video course available for 75% off features videos, scripts, and a free .mp3 recording to enable you to quickly grasp self-hypnosis and use it in your life for smoking cessation, weight loss, stress relief, confidence building, sports performance, and much more. This course will allow you to clean up the negative programming in your mind and give you a simple approach to learning everything you need to now about the process of self-hypnosis from a Master Hypnotherapist.
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Major Approaches to Clinical Psychology Depressive Disorder.docxsmile790243
Major Approaches to Clinical Psychology: Depressive Disorder
INTRODUCTION
An approach in psychology is a method that is used in diagnosis and treatment of mental health problems and disorders. In Clinical Psychology, there are four major approaches; Psychodynamic, Cognitive Behavioral, Humanistic, and the Family Systems approach. Each approach is used to assess, diagnose and treat a wide array of mental health disorders. This presentation aims to provide a meaningful explanation of each approach, how the approach is used, and the effectiveness the approach, statically speaking.
Psychodynamic Approach
Philosophical Origins
Sigmund Freud
Carl Jung
Erick Erikson
Alder
Goals
Awareness of emotions and unconscious thoughts
Awareness of unresolved issues and how they influence mood
Coping mechanisms
The psychodynamic approach includes all the theories in psychology that see human functioning based upon the interaction of drives and forces within the person, particularly unconscious, and between the different structures of the personality. Freud’s psychoanalysis was the original psychodynamic theory, but the psychodynamic approach as a whole includes all theories that were based on his ideas of psychologists and philosophers , Jung, Erikson and Alder. The psychodynamic theory suggest that early significant relationships have a major influence on who we develop into as an adult, and how we function, behave and deal with emotions. Freud believed that our motives, decisions and feelings are powered by our past experiences that are stored in the unconscious mind (Simplypsychology.org, 2017) .
The goal of psychodynamic therapy is designed to help patients become aware of, and in touch with, the full range of their emotions. By integrating the unconscious elements of their life as a part of their present experience, Psychodynamic therapy helps people understand how their behavior and mood are affected by unresolved issues and unconscious feelings. Once the patient becomes aware of the underlying factors, they have the opportunity to change future thoughts and emotions. This type of therapy is especially helpful to the depressed person, as underlying issues come to light and the psychologists may then apply techniques that promote the development of useful coping mechanisms that help with emotional healing and positive change (Simplypsychology.org, 2017).
3
Psychodynamic Approach Cont.
Techniques/Strategies
Affects of Treatment Strategies
Effectiveness
Cognitive Behavioral Approach
Philosophical Origins
Goals
Cognitive Behavioral Approach Cont.…
Techniques/Strategies
Affects of Treatment Strategies
Effectiveness
Humanistic Approach
Philosophical Origins
Goals
Humanistic Approach Cont.…
Techniques/Strategies
Affects of Treatment Strategies
Effectiveness
Family Systems Approach
Philosophical Origins
Goals
Family Systems Approach Cont.
Techniques/Strategies
Affects of Treatment Stra ...
Five Popular Theories of Counseling PsychologyShivaniPadole
Counseling psychology could be a specialty field at intervalsin the broader discipline of psychology. The distinctiveness of the specialty is processed in terms of its five unifying themes: specialization in intact personalities; specializationon human strengths; stress on relatively brief interventions; stress on person-environment interactions; and stress on education, environments, and career development.
Application of The Cognitive Psychology in Mental Illness or Traum.docxspoonerneddy
Application of The Cognitive Psychology in Mental Illness or Trauma
Melvin Coe
Capella University
Professor Theresa Crawford
Research Foundation of History Systems in Psych
June 7, 2020
Running Head: APPLICATION OF THE COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 1
APPLICATION OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2
Application of The Cognitive Psychology in Mental Illness or Trauma
Introduction
In the present times, the number of people suffering from mental challenges has been on the rise. It is a time that demands psychologists to have better and effective scientific methods that would help them handle the different psychological issues being brought to their attention. Cognitive psychology is one of the scientific methods that can be used by psychologists to study the mind as an information processor. Using the method, psychologists are able to develop cognitive theories and models that would align and seems applicable in individual cases they are handling for instance, how one perceives, understands, remembers, attentiveness, makes use of language and is conscious of things.
The principal goals of clinical psychology are to generate knowledge based on scientifically valid evidence and to apply this knowledge to the optimal improvement of mental and behavioral health (Baker, McFall, Shoham, 2008). The values, principles, and methods of cognitive psychology and psychodynamic psychotherapy are anticipated to be utilized in an investigation which replaces maladaptive behaviors. The interest in the study is centered around increasing social response while decreasing maladaptive behaviors by utilizing differential reinforcement of alternative behaviors. Differential reinforcement of alternative behaviors is a procedure that reduces a problematic behavior by reinforcing an appropriate alternative behavior that serves the same function.
Research topic (Cognitive Psychology in the influences of patient with trauma or mental illness)
The research paper revolves around understanding how cognitive psychology influences patients with trauma and mental illness. It is evident that cognitive psychology revolves around the study of the process within the brain and they vary from learning, perception, attention, memory, thinking, language, attention and problem-solving (Maslow, 1943). The mental illness and trauma are a result of some of the brain processes thus with embracing the school of cognitive psychology it is easier to understand and comprehend the potential solutions. The problem of mental illness has become complaisant in the current era and with the limited resources and technology in the past made it a challenge to contain it but the advancement in field of psychology has made it easier to find solutions to the problem. There is no specific treatment for trauma or mental illness in this era of medical advancement and technology but cognitive psychology is making it easier to help under.
Application of The Cognitive Psychology in Mental Illness or Traum.docxssusera34210
Application of The Cognitive Psychology in Mental Illness or Trauma
Melvin Coe
Capella University
Professor Theresa Crawford
Research Foundation of History Systems in Psych
June 7, 2020
Running Head: APPLICATION OF THE COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 1
APPLICATION OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2
Application of The Cognitive Psychology in Mental Illness or Trauma
Introduction
In the present times, the number of people suffering from mental challenges has been on the rise. It is a time that demands psychologists to have better and effective scientific methods that would help them handle the different psychological issues being brought to their attention. Cognitive psychology is one of the scientific methods that can be used by psychologists to study the mind as an information processor. Using the method, psychologists are able to develop cognitive theories and models that would align and seems applicable in individual cases they are handling for instance, how one perceives, understands, remembers, attentiveness, makes use of language and is conscious of things.
The principal goals of clinical psychology are to generate knowledge based on scientifically valid evidence and to apply this knowledge to the optimal improvement of mental and behavioral health (Baker, McFall, Shoham, 2008). The values, principles, and methods of cognitive psychology and psychodynamic psychotherapy are anticipated to be utilized in an investigation which replaces maladaptive behaviors. The interest in the study is centered around increasing social response while decreasing maladaptive behaviors by utilizing differential reinforcement of alternative behaviors. Differential reinforcement of alternative behaviors is a procedure that reduces a problematic behavior by reinforcing an appropriate alternative behavior that serves the same function.
Research topic (Cognitive Psychology in the influences of patient with trauma or mental illness)
The research paper revolves around understanding how cognitive psychology influences patients with trauma and mental illness. It is evident that cognitive psychology revolves around the study of the process within the brain and they vary from learning, perception, attention, memory, thinking, language, attention and problem-solving (Maslow, 1943). The mental illness and trauma are a result of some of the brain processes thus with embracing the school of cognitive psychology it is easier to understand and comprehend the potential solutions. The problem of mental illness has become complaisant in the current era and with the limited resources and technology in the past made it a challenge to contain it but the advancement in field of psychology has made it easier to find solutions to the problem. There is no specific treatment for trauma or mental illness in this era of medical advancement and technology but cognitive psychology is making it easier to help under.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
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Hypnosis in psychotherapy and hypnosis as psicotherapy
1. AND HYPNOSIS AS
PSICOTHERAPY:
THE ERICKSONIAN APPROACH
FROM AN EVOLUTIONARY POINT
OF VIEW
Ambrogio Pennati *, MD, psychiatrist, private practice, Milano, Italy
pennati.ambrogio.md@fastwebnet.it
Giampiero Mosconi §, MD, psychologist, private practice, Milano, Italy
giampieromosconi@virgilio.it
Italian Medical Association for the Study of Hypnosis (AMISI, www.amisi.it),
§President and * Member of Board of Directors
2. Evolutionary Psychology and
Psychotherapy
Evolutionary psychology seems to be a
euristically fertile approach to life sciences,
such as medicine, psychology, economics,
sociology. Although there is not (and we hope
that will never be) an evolutionary
psychotherapy, such point of view could offer
new perspectives in psychotherapy, as some
experiences in jungian and freudian
psychoanalisys, cognitive-behavior therapy,
systemic therapy suggest.
3. Evolutionary Psychology and
Hypnosis
As a matter of fact, only pioneristic, short and
merely speculative papers about the
relationship between evolutionary psychology
and hypnosis are available. We think that
adopting the evolutionary perspective in the
study of hypnotic phenomena could generate
new research and new conceptualizations in
our field. We think that at the core of
Ericksonian work there is an implicit
evolutionary way of thinking, not fully
blossomed because of the zeitgeist in which
he operated.
4. A paradigmatic shift
Evolutionary psycvhology suggests that a shift from
the Standard Social Science Model (and its
corollary of human mind as blank slate) to the
Naturalistic Model could be useful in bypassing
most of the conceptual conundrums of
psychotherapy.
In our case this shift could bypass the “state or
process” issue of hypnosis.
The evolutionary approach identify the ability to
develop trance experience as one of the most
important adaptative module in the in the brain for
the individual, the group and the specie.
5. Definition of Trance
We operatively define the trance as an Altered State
of Consciousness (ASoC) in which the following
phenomena can consensually occur in a statistically
significant percentages:
Dissociation between executive and monitoring
function of the Self
High frequency of ideodinamic behaviors
Verbal and/or motor inhibition
Extreme focusing of attention, internal or external
Facilitation of autoreferential thinking
Mnesic alterations
Changes in quality and quantity of the time experience
Changes in quality and quantity of perceptual
experience
6. The Adaptative Value of Trance
Social value: increased group identity, discharge
among the group of peers of otherwise unacceptable
feelings, self-trascendence, facilitation of meme-
related complexes, facilitation of mimetic learning
Individual value: self trascendence, modulation of
pain, modulation of immune system, modulation of
autonomic response, increased efficiency of fight or
flight response, increased efficiency of mating
strategies, increased chance of activation of internal
healing modules (see below)
Biological value: increased probability of selection of
the fittest gene or meme by reshuffling of genetic and
memetic pool (ritual and/or orgiastic trance)
7. The Evolutionary Value of
Rapport
The mirror neurons systems seems to play a
determinant role in the ability to develop empathic
relationships among humans. Such relationships
are essential for the survival struggle and
reproductive success of the individual and the
group, gene (kin) or meme related. Empathic
learning may be activated without awareness
(procedural), and therefore it could be more
efficient and resilient than the declarative learning,
which relies upon linguistic and eidetic structures
of information.
We could define Altered States of Consciousness
(AsoC) inductors the multifaceted procedures that
homo sapiens utilized to achieve trance states.
Such inductors rely upon the empathic rapport.
8. Trance, Rapport, Hypnosis
From an historic point of view hypnosis could be
defined as the process of the complex,
bidirectional, fluctuacting interactions between
ASoC inductors recognized by the western
scientific comunity as empirically validated and
useful in medicine and psychology , according
to the scientific paradigm of the zeitgeist, and
The trance states obtained following such
induction procedures
10. Hypnosis and Psychotherapy
Psychotherapy could be operationally defined as
every modality of helping people in coping with
stress, emotional problems, relational problems,
or problematic habits; such modalities share the
fact of being all treatment based on talking ot
another people and doing something together”
(RCPychiatrists).
Hypnosis could be therapeutic because both the
induction procedure in sé (modeling, emotional
tuning, procedural learning, based on rapport, of
new behavioral or cognitive adaptative strategies)
and hypnotic trance (emotional release of
otherwise unacceptable feelings, activation on
internal healing modules, self-trascendence).
11. Hypnosis as synergicistic
empowerment of inner healing
resources
Hypnosis could be interpreted as the potentially
most powerful device to activate inner healing
resources thanks to
Interpersonal power of rapport
Intrapersonal power of trance
that synergically activated internal healer
modules.
12. Hypnosis and Ethiopatogenetical
Models of Illnesses
The majority of psychotherapeutic approaches tried to
develop etiopathogenetical models of disorders
coherent with their postulates, but all these models
lack of statistical and scientific validation. Hypnosis
too searched for a coherent model (neodissociative
theory), but also in this case empirical validation is
insufficient or absent.
Metaanalysises show that there is no evidence (ie,
directly linked to the model) of the superiority of a
theoretical model among the others, and that aspecific
variables are the key factors in the efficacy of
psychotherapies.
Therefore, every theoretical approach to psychotherapy
seems to be merely speculative.
13. Recent empirical data
Data from clinical field suggest that
empatethical sharing of memes (beliefs,
values, social rituals, ideas about the cause of
the illness) with the clients can enhance the
response to different treatments.
Since there are no evidences of superiority of
a model of psychotherapy among the others
we can suppose that building a memetic
rapport empathetically based is the best
operative option in psychotherapy.
14. The Ericksonian way
Nowadays we can think at Milton Erickson’s
work as a pionieristic, revolutionary way of
thinking and working based on implicit,
intuitive evolutionary approach to clinical
activity. Such approach is rooted in shamanic
traditions and overtly proposed by ME in his
look and style. ME optimized his skills with
anthropological and psychiatric studies,
looking for social and biological basis of trance
induction and trance states.
15. Which paradigm?
The linear, cause-effect, newtonian, thre-
dimensions paradigm seems obsolete to help
us to understand hypnotic clinical phenomena
The holistic way of thinking, based on the
complexity theory, seems more useful in
explaining the fuzzy nature of life sciences
16. Hypnosis in Psychotherapy and
Hypnosis as Psychotherapy
• Hypnosis in
psychotherapy (mainly
linguistic,
linear/newtonian
paradigm)
rapport
• Hypnosis as
psychotherapy (mainly
somatic,
complexity/holistic
paradigm)
trance
17. Hypnosis in Psychotherapy and
Hypnosis as Psychotherapy
Hypnosis in psychotherapy could enhance the
effectiveness of different approaches through
elicitation of rapport modules; it is based on
empathic communication skills
Hypnosis as psychotherapy could enhance
self-trascendence and inner healer modules
through activation of trance states
18. Hypnosis and Theory of Mind
Recent neurophysiological data suggest that the
ability to make inference on the mental state of
the others and to empathize with them is
linked to a decrease in activity of the cortex of
anterior cingulus; hypnotic induction seems to
generate the same effect. We can therefore
affirm that Hypnosis doesn’t need a theory of
mind, since it is Theory of Mind in Action.
19. Placebo, Hypnosis, Internal
Healer
As “internal healer” we can identify the
biochemical and neurophysiological modules
of placebo:
increased opioid and dopaminergic activity
reduction in anterior cingulate cortex activity
modulation of immune system
modulation of social neuroendocrine pathways
20. Hypnotic Psychotherapy
Hypnotic psychotherapy can be defined as the
structural blend between hypnosis in
psychotherapy and hypnosis as
psychotherapy. It is based on
Rapport
Trance
Theory of Mind conscious activation
In the context of the aspecific factors that
constitute the good clinical setting.
21. Suggestions for future work
Integration of clinical and theoretical research
with the recent biochemical and
neuropshysiological (EEG, PET, f-NMR) data
Integration of behavioral and emotive hypnotic
patterns in an evolutionary interpretative frame
Integration of clinical practice language with
the traditional western and eastern healing
approaches to reconciliate different therapeutic
experiences
Assumption of a new holistic paradigm of
health