This document discusses various types of hyperplasia and related disorders of the oral mucosa, including fibrous epulis, pregnancy epulis, peripheral giant cell granuloma, pyogenic granuloma, fibroepithelial polyp, denture irritation hyperplasia, and papillary hyperplasia of the palate. It provides details on the clinical presentation, etiology, demographics, and treatment for each condition. Localized hyperplastic lesions of the oral mucosa are mostly caused by chronic irritation or trauma and can present as tumors, swellings, or papillary projections of the gingiva or other oral tissues.

1. HYPERPLASIAAND
RELATED DISORDER
RELATED TO ORAL
MUCOSA

2. hyperplasia
Localized hyperplastic lesion of the oral mucosa:
 Epulides;
A) fibrous epulis
B) pregnancy epulis
C) peipheral giant cell granuloma
 Pyogenic granuloma
 Fibroepithelial polyp
 Denture irritation hyperplasia
 Papillary hyperplasia of the palate

3. Epulides
 Common, localized tumour-like gingival enlargment.
 Mostly arise from interdental tissue.
 Trauma & chronic irritation (e.g subgingival plaque) are
the main aetiological factors.
 F > M
 80% occur anterior to molar teeth.
 Maxilla > Mandible.

4. A) Fibrous epulis
• Most common, present as pedunculated mass, firm of
consistency, with similar colour to adjacent gingiva.
• Mostly arise btween 11 – 40 years of age.

5. B) Pregnancy epulis “vascular epulides”
• Present as soft, deep reddish-purple swelling, extensively
ulcerated.
• Haemorrhage occur spontaneously or in minor trauma.
• Arise any time of pregnancy with onset usually around the
end of the first trimester.
• After delivery may regress spontaneously.

6. C) Peripheral giant cell granuloma
• Least common.
• Present as pedunculated drak-
red in colour commonly ulcerated.
• Peak incidence in males is the 2nd
decade, while in female is the 5th
decade.
• Arise anywhere on gingival or
alveolar mucosa.
• Mandible > Maxilla.

7. Pyogenic granuloma
 Arise on gingiva, tongue,
buccal and labial mucosa.
 Initiated by trauma or irritation.
 Hyperplastic granulation
tissue.
 treatment include; Excision to
periosteum or periodontal
membrane.
 May be recur but no malignant
potential.

8. Fibroepithelial polyp
 Arise manily in cheeks ( along the occlusal line), lips,
tongue.
 Present as firm, pink, painless swellling from few
millimeters to centimeters in diameter.
Leaf fibroma: a fibroepithelial polyp occurs in the palate
under denture, occaionally the surface is whitish due to
frictional keratosis.

9. Denture irritation hyperplasia
 Related to the periphery of an ill
fitting denture.
 Single or multiple.
 Present as firm leaf-like folds of
tissue embracing the over
extending flange of denture.
 Arise in the depth of vestibular
and lingual sulci but may
involve the inner surface of lips,
cheeks, palate ( along posterior
edge of upper denture).
 More in the lower denture.
 F > M

10. Papillary hyperplasia of palate
 Aetiology not fully
understood, on the other
hand; poor denture
hygiene / trauma related to
rocking of ill fitting denture
/ sleping with dentures /
candida associated
denture stomatitis paly a
significant role.
 Present clinically as
numerous, small, tightly
packed papillary
projections over part or all
denture bearing area.