The document describes the development of various facial structures in utero from 4-12 weeks gestation. It discusses how the frontonasal process, mandibular processes, and maxillary processes give rise to the primitive oral cavity and facial swellings at 4 weeks. By 5 weeks, the nasal pits have formed and the oronasal membranes separate the nasal and oral cavities. By 6 weeks, fusion of the mandibular processes occurs and palatal shelves begin to develop from the maxillary processes. Between 8-12 weeks, the palatal shelves fuse to form the secondary palate separating the oral and nasal cavities. The development of other structures like the mandible, maxilla, tongue are also described.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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It is a presentation in detail about the strongest structure of the oral cavity "ENAMEL". It is a simple topic but people find it difficult to learn about it. I hope my presentation is a simple method to learn about it. I would like to thank my professors for assign me this project and i learn't a lot from it and still learning my basics daily.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
It is a presentation in detail about the strongest structure of the oral cavity "ENAMEL". It is a simple topic but people find it difficult to learn about it. I hope my presentation is a simple method to learn about it. I would like to thank my professors for assign me this project and i learn't a lot from it and still learning my basics daily.
I prepared this presentation during the first year of my MDS. This will give you a basic idea and necessary information about the pulp of the teeth and its histology. Hope you guys find it useful.
PRENATAL GROWTH OF MANDIBLE
Occurs between the 4th and 7th week of intrauterine life.
4th week of intrauterine life
Formation of the head fold
Following which the developing brain and the pericardium form 2 prominent bulges on the ventral aspect of the embryo.
The 2 bulges are separated from each other by a shallow depression called stomatoedum (corresponding to the primitive mouth).
Floor of the stomatodeum is formed by the Buccopharyngeal membrane, which separates the stomatodeum from the foregut.Soon, mesoderm covering the developing forebrain proliferates, and forms a downward projection that overlaps the upper part of the stomatodeum – this downward projection is called frontonasal process.
McQs on development and growth of teethRaman Dhungel
This is a collection of Past MCQs of Oral Histology on the topic Development and Growth of Teeth. Very Useful for AIIMS, PGIMER, AIPGEE, COMEDK, NBDE, NDEB, ADA, etc
Growth of the nasomaxillary /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
I prepared this presentation during the first year of my MDS. This will give you a basic idea and necessary information about the pulp of the teeth and its histology. Hope you guys find it useful.
PRENATAL GROWTH OF MANDIBLE
Occurs between the 4th and 7th week of intrauterine life.
4th week of intrauterine life
Formation of the head fold
Following which the developing brain and the pericardium form 2 prominent bulges on the ventral aspect of the embryo.
The 2 bulges are separated from each other by a shallow depression called stomatoedum (corresponding to the primitive mouth).
Floor of the stomatodeum is formed by the Buccopharyngeal membrane, which separates the stomatodeum from the foregut.Soon, mesoderm covering the developing forebrain proliferates, and forms a downward projection that overlaps the upper part of the stomatodeum – this downward projection is called frontonasal process.
McQs on development and growth of teethRaman Dhungel
This is a collection of Past MCQs of Oral Histology on the topic Development and Growth of Teeth. Very Useful for AIIMS, PGIMER, AIPGEE, COMEDK, NBDE, NDEB, ADA, etc
Growth of the nasomaxillary /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This presentation is an overview of the first 12 weeks of embryological development, especially related to oral and facial development. The information comes from "Illustrated Dental Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy" by Mary Bath-Balogh and Margaret Fehrenbach, 3rd edition.
Growth and development nasomaxillary complex ppt/certified fixed orthodontic ...Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Growth and development of maxilla and mandible/endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Early in embryonic development, during the 3rd week post-fertilization, the embryo is a flat, disc-shaped organism made up of three layers of pluripotent cells called germ layers, which give rise to all the organs and tissues in the body: an inner layer, called endoderm, a central layer, called mesoderm, and an outer layer, called ectoderm.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Craniofacial growth is a complex and a beautiful phenomenon.
It all begins when a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell, a process called fertilization.
Human fertilization is the union of a human egg and sperm, usually occurring in the ampulla of the fallopian tube. The result of this union is the production of a ’Zygote’ cell, or fertilized egg, initiating prenatal development
Prenatal growth can be divided into 3 main stages:
Germinal stage: From ovulation to implantation(0-2 weeks).
Embryonic stage : 3rd week to 8th week.
Fetal stage: 9th week till birth.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Central face begins to develop by 4th week, when olfactory placodes appear on both sides of the frontonasal process.
Gradually both placodes develop to form the median and lateral nasal process.
Upper lip is formed by 6th week by fusion of two median nasal processes in midline and the maxilllary process of the 1st branchial arch.
PRE-NATAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PALATEFormation of primary and secondary palate
Elevation of palatal shelves
Fusion of palatal shelves
Similar to (Lec 3) Embryology - development of the maxillofacial complex (20)
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
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2. Development of the Face
4 weeks in utero
• Stomodeum ( primitive oral cavity ) is bounded by 5 facial swellings:
• Frontonasal process (A).
• 2 mandibular processes (B).
• 2 maxillary processes (C ).
D= pericardial
swelling
3. The facial processes are demarcated by
grooves that become flattened out by the
proliferative and migratory activity of the
underlying mesenchyme
4. Development of the Face
4 weeks in utero
A 27-day embryo
viewed from the
front. The beginning
elements for facial
development and the
boundaries of the
stomatodeum are
apparent.
5. Development of the Face
4 weeks in utero
• The oropharyngeal (buccopharyngeal) membrane
separates the oral cavity from the pharynx.
• Bilaminar membrane:
• Outer ectodermal layer.
• Inner endodermal layer.
• The membrane breaks down leaving a continuity between
the ectodermally lined oral cavity and the endodermally
lined pharynx.
7. Development of the Face
5 weeks in utero
• Nasal and optic placodes arise
from thickening of the ectoderm.
• Nasal placodes sink into the
mesenchyme forming 2 blind ended
nasal pits.
• Proliferation of mesenchyme from the
frontonasal process around the
openings of the nasal pits produces
the medial and lateral nasal
processes.
•Maxillary processes will enlarge and
grow forwards and medially
A Optic placode
B Nasal pit
C Medial nasal
process
D Lateral nasal
process
E Maxillary
process
F Mandibular
process
G 2nd
branchial
arch
8. Development of the Face
5 weeks in utero
A 34-day embryo
viewed from the
front. The nasal pits
have formed, thereby
delineating the
lateral and medial
nasal processes.
9. Development of the Face
5 weeks in utero
• Oronasal membranes
separate the primitive
nasal and oral cavities.
• The membranes rupture
by the end of week 5 to
produce communication
between the two cavities. A Nasal cavity
B Oral cavity
C Tongue
D Oronasal
membrane
E Maxillary
isthmus
10. Development of the Face
5 weeks in utero
• The nasal fin: a sheet of
epithelium in front of each
nasal pit.
• The maxillary isthmus is
a bridge of mesenchyme
that joins the maxillary and
medial nasal processes.
A Nasal cavity
B Oral cavity
C Nasal fin
D Oronasal
membrane
E Maxillary
isthmus
11. Development of the Face
6 weeks in utero
• The 2 mandibular
processes fuse forming the
lower jaw.
• Maxillary and mandibular
processes meet at the angle
of the mouth.
• From those corners,
maxillary processes grow
inwards beneath the lateral
nasal processes towards the
medial nasal processes.
A Mandibular
process
B Maxillary
process
C Lateral nasal
process
D Medial nasal
process
E Naso-optic
furrow
12. Development of the Face
6 weeks in utero
• The naso-optic furrow is
formed between the
maxillary and the lateral
nasal processes.
• From each furrow an
ectodermal rod of cells sinks
below the surface and
canalises to form the
nasolacrimal duct.
A Mandibular
process
B Maxillary
process
C Lateral
nasal process
D Medial nasal
process
E Naso-optic
furrow
13.
14. Clinical Considerations
• Failure of fusion of the facial processes results in several
variations of facial clefts.
A Median cleft lip
B Bilateral cleft lip
C Oblique facial cleft
D Lateral facial cleft
E Median mandibular cleft
15. Failure of fusion of the maxillary and medial nasal
processes produce : Cleft lip Which maybe unilateral
or bilateral
Failure of the medial nasal processes may be
responsible for the formation of median cleft lip
Clefts are of multi-factorial aetiology associated with
both genetic and environmental disturbances
It occurs in the 6th
and 7th
weeks of intrauterine life
16. This defect is characterized by a "light" furrow along the vertical length of
the lip with a small vermilion notch and minor imperfections
17. By definition, it has an intact nasal sill,
commonly termed the Simonart band.
18. This involves the full-thickness defect of the lip and alveolus,
extends into the base of the nose and is often accompanied
by a palatal cleft.
19. Development of the Face
Upper Lip Development
A Maxillary process
B Mandibular process
C Medial nasal process
D Lateral nasal process
• Two different theories:
A. Maxillary processes
outgrow the medial
nasal processes and
meet in the midline.
B. Maxillary processes
meet the medial nasal
processes.
20. Development of the Palate
• During the 6th
week of intrauterine life,
the nasal cavities are separated by a
nasal septum.
• The nasal cavities are separated from
the oral cavity by the primary palate.
• The nasal septum and the primary
palate are derivatives of the
frontonasal process.
A Primary nasal cavities
B Primary nasal septum
C Primary palate
6 weeks in utero
21. Development of the Palate
• 2 lateral palatal shelves develop
behind the primary palate.
• The lateral palatal shelves are
derived form the maxillary
processes.
• The secondary nasal septum
develops behind the primary
septum.
A Lateral palatal shelves
B Primary palate
C Secondary nasal septum
6 weeks in utero
22. Development of the Palate
7 weeks in utero
• The primary oral cavity
becomes filled with the
developing tongue.
• Palatal shelves keep on
growing till they lie vertically.
A Lateral palatal shelves
B Developing tongue
23. Development of the Palate
8 weeks in utero
• The stomodeum enlarges.
• The tongue drops due to a
change in shape and
mandibular growth.
• The palatal shelves become
horizontal and contact each
other.
• Their contact forms the
secondary palate.
A Palatal shelves
B Primary palate
24. Development of the Palate
8-12 weeks in utero
• The secondary palate
contacts the primary palate to
divide the nasal cavity from
the oral cavity.
• The Fusion is completed
during the 12th
week in utero.
• Behind the secondary nasal
septum, the shelves fuse to
form the soft palate and the
uvula.
A Palatal shelves
B Secondary nasal septum
C Midline epithelial seam
D Developing maxillary bone
25. Development of the Palate
8-12 weeks in utero
• The epithelium at the medial
edges of the palatal shelves fuse
together to form the epithelial
seam.
• The seam disintegrates to allow
mesenchymal continuity across
the secondary palate.
A Epithelial seam
26. Development of the Palate
8-12 weeks in utero
• Ossification of the hard palate
starts once the fusion of the
palatal shelves is complete.
• Intramembranous ossification
from four centres.
• one in each developing
maxilla.
• one in each palatine
bone
A Developing body of the
maxilla
B Bone extending to the
palate
C Nasal cavity
27. Development of the Palate
8-12 weeks in utero
Coronal sections through
human embryos at
approximately
(A) 7 weeks (initial
disposition of palatine
shelves on each side of the
tongue)
(B) 8 weeks (elevation
coincident with depression of
the tongue)
(C) 9 weeks (final fusion)
28. at 4-7 weeks gestation, is necessary for the
normal development of embryonic facial
structures. When migration and fusion are
interrupted for any reason, a facial cleft
develops along embryonic fusion lines.
29.
30. • Retention of epithelial remnants in the palatine midline might
lead to the formation of a midline palatine cyst.
Clinical Considerations
32. Development of the Mandible
• The mandible develops initially
intramembranously, but subsequent
growth depends on the appearance of
secondary cartilages.
• Meckel’s cartilage is a rod of
carilage that develops from the first
branchial arch (6 weeks in utero).
• Meckel’s cartilage extends from the
developing ear to the midline
symphysis.
• Acts as a framework for the bone of
the mandible forms.
A Meckel’s cartilage
B Bone
C Tongue
D Midline symphysis
33. Development of the Mandible
•The mandible develops as a dense
fibrous tissue band on the
anterolateral aspect of Meckel’s
cartilage.
• A centre of ossification appears in
the fibrous tissue near the future
mental foramen (7 weeks in utero).
• Bone formation spreads backwards,
forwards and upwards
A Meckel’s cartilage
B Dental lamina
C Tongue
D Neurovascular bundle
34. Development of the Mandible
• Formation of a plate of bone
lateral to the cartilage (future
body of the mandible).
• Plates on both sides do not
meet and are separated by
fibrous tissue thus forming the
midline symphysis. A Meckel’s cartilage
B Bone
C Tongue
D Midline symphysis
35. Development of the Mandible
• Continued bone formation leads
to an increase in the size of the
mandible.
• Formation of the alveolar
process around the developing
tooth buds.
• Neurovascular bundle starts to
be surrounded by bone.
A Alveolar process
B Neurovascular bundle
C Meckel’s cartilage
D Tongue
36. Development of the Mandible
• Meckel’s cartilage resorbs.
• The neurovascular bundle
becomes contained within a bony
canal.
• The most dorsal part of
meckel’s cartilage ossifies to
form the ear ossicles.
• The perichondrium of the cartilage
forms ligaments.
A Alveolar process
B Neurovascular bundle
C Tongue
38. Development of the Mandible
• Alveolar bone forms around developing
tooth germs.
• Bone resorption on the inner wall
(Howship’s lacunae).
• Bone deposition on the outer wall
(osteoblasts and osteoid).
• Interdental septa: separates teeth from
each other.
• Interradicular bone: develops in
multirooted teeth with the onset of root
foramtion.
A Mandibular alveolus
B Developing tooth
C Howship’s lacunae
D Osteoblasts
39. Development of the Mandible
• The ramus of the mandible develops as a fibro-cellular
condensation.
• Continuous with the body of the mandible.
• Backwards spread of ossification.
• Appearance of 3 secondary cartilages (10-14 weeks in
utero).
• The condylar cartilage is the main one, and there are
other carilages associated with the coronoid processes and in
the region of the mandibular symphysis.
41. Development of the Mandible
• The condylar cartilage appears beneath
the fibrous articular layer of the future
condyle.
• The temporomandibular joint develops
from mesenchyme between the temporal
bone and the developing condyle.
• The upper and lower joint cavities appear
as clefts during the 12th
week in utero.
• Remaining mesenchyme becomes the
articular disc.
• Joint capsule.
A Condylar cartilage
B Meckel’s cartilage
C Bone of the mandibular fossa
D Developing articular disc
43. Growth of the mandible occurs by the remodeling of bone.
Increase in the height of the body occurs primarily by the
formation of alveolar bone. Although some bone is also deposited
along the lower border of the mandible .
Increase in length of the mandible is accomplished by bone
deposition on the posterior surface of the ramus with
compensatory resorption on its anterior surface, accompanied by
deposition of bone on the posterior surface of the coronoid
process and resorption on the anterior surface of the condyle.
Increase in the width of the mandible is produced by deposition of
bone on the outer surface of the mandible and resoprion on the
inner surface
45. Development of the Maxilla
• The maxilla develops intramembranously with the centre of ossification
appearing during the 8th
week of intrauterine life.
• Growth is affected by the development of the orbital, nasal and oral
cavities.
• from the region of the developing deciduous canine, ossification
spreads throughout the developing maxilla into its growing processes :
palatine, zygomatic, frontal and alveolar.
A Developing maxilla
B Developing canine
C Palatine process
46. Development of the Maxilla
• The maxilla grows by bone remodelling and suture
growth.
• Eyeballs, nasal septum and orbital pad of fat provide
forces that separate the maxilla from adjacent bones, thus
allowing sutural growth.
• An outpocketing of the middle meatus of the nose results
in the appearance of the maxillary sinus (4 months in
utero).
47. Development of the Maxilla
A Front view
B Side view
Although small at birth
the maxillary sinus is
identifiable
radiologically.
After birth the maxillary
sinus enlarges with the
growing maxilla although
it is only fully developed
following the eruption of
the permanent dentition
Forward growth of the
whole face is dependent
upon growth of the
spheno-occipital
synchondrosis
48. Congenital abnormalities of the jaws are most
often associated with ( First branchial arch )
syndromes.
Treacher Collins’ syndrome and Pierre Robin’s
sequence are the two most common types of
the first arch syndrome
49. Treacher Collins’ Syndrome : is a
rare autosomal dominant
congenital disorder
characterized by craniofacial
deformities
The typical physical features
include:
1. Downward-slanting eyes
2. Micrognathia
3. Conductive hearing loss
4. underdeveloped zygoma
5. drooping part of the lateral
lower eyelids
6. malformed or absent ears.
50. Pierre Robin’s sequence :
is a congenital condition of
facial abnormalities in
humans.
The 3 main features are
1. Cleft palate
2. Retrognathia (abnormal
positioning of the jaw or
maxilla)
3. Glossoptosis (airway
obstruction caused by
backwards displacement
of the tongue base)
51. Trauma and infection in the region of the TMJ
may lead to an ankylosis of the condyle with
the base of the skull, with the most common
sigh of limited mouth opening
The lack of function of the mandible may lead
to a decreased growth on the affected side
with resulted facial asymmetry
52. Development of the Tongue
• The tongue develops from different embryological origins.
• The anterior 2 thirds is derived from 3 swellings:
• 2 lateral lingual swellings
• 1 midline tuberculum impar
• The posterior third is derived from a single midline swelling
called the copula.
53. Development of the Tongue
• The 2 lateral lingual swellings and the
tuberculum impar are proliferations of the
mesenchyme beneath the endodermal
lining of the 1st
branchial arch.
• The copula is mainly from the 3rd
branchial arch with a conrtibution from the
4th
.
•Innervation from the facial nerve (2nd
arch), in addition to the nerves of the 1st
, 3rd
and 4th
arches ( Trigiminal,
Glossopharyngeal , Vagus ) .
•Tongue muscles develop from occipital
somites that migrate into the tongue with
their nerve supply (hypoglossal nerve).
A Lateral lingual swellings
B Tuberculum impar
C Copula
54. Development of the Thyroid
• The thyroid gland develops
between the tuberculum impar
and the copula.
•The thyroid gland is the first
endocrine gland that developes
• Foramen caecum on the fully
developed tongue, demarcates
the site of origin of the thyroid
gland
Editor's Notes
It’s believed that the 3rd molar is the demarcation zone between the inner and outer layer