The hydrosphere refers to all the water on, above, and below the Earth's surface, including oceans, lakes, rivers, groundwater, and water in the atmosphere. The water cycle transfers water between different states as it circulates around the Earth through processes like evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and collection. Water pollution threatens the hydrosphere when contaminants are introduced into bodies of water.

1. The Hydrosphere

2. The Hydrosphere
>Discontinuous layer of
water at or near the Earth’s
surface.
>The liquid water
component of the Earth.

4. Water cycle
•The hydrological
cycle transfers
water from one
state or reservoir
to another.

5. 1.Evaporation
• Evaporation is when the sun heats up water in
rivers or lakes or the ocean and turns it into
vapor or steam. The water vapor or steam
leaves the river, lake or ocean and goes into
the air.
•

6. 2. Condensation
•Water vapor in the air gets
cold and changes back into
liquid, forming clouds. This
is called condensation.

7. 3. Precipitation
• Precipitation occurs when so much
water has condensed that the air
cannot hold it anymore. The clouds
get heavy and water falls back to the
earth in the form of rain, hail, sleet
or snow.

8. 4.Collection
• When water falls back to earth as precipitation,
it may fall back in the oceans, lakes or rivers or
it may end up on land. When it ends up on
land, it will either soak into the earth and
become part of the “ground water” that plants
and animals use to drink or it may run over the
soil and collect in the oceans, lakes or rivers
where the cycle starts
all over again.

9. Formations of Water
• stream =the smallest flowing body of water that
is part of a river system.
• creek =larger than a stream and may be formed
by two streams coming together .
• river =larger than a creek and may be formed by
two creeks coming together
• lake =a large body of fresh water surrounded by
land. -source is streams or rivers, which also take
water out .
• watershed =the land that is drained by a river

10. • sea =part of an ocean, can be surrounded by land
• gulf =large area of water partly surrounded by
land
• bay =like a gulf, partly surrounded by land, wide
outlet to the sea
• ocean =largest body of water
• waterfall =a stream of water that falls from a high
place
• hot spring =a spring of naturally hot water,
typically heated by volcanic activity below the
earth's surface

11. Water pollution