This document provides an overview of hydroponics, which involves growing plants without soil by instead providing nutrients through water. Some key points covered include:
- Hydroponics uses an inert medium like coco peat and provides nutrients to plants through water rather than soil.
- It has benefits like efficient water and nutrient use, reduced labor costs, and higher yields.
- Various methods exist like deep water culture, nutrient film technique, and ebb and flow systems.
- Common crops grown include lettuce, tomatoes, berries and herbs.
- Setting up hydroponics requires substrates, nutrient solutions, irrigation systems, and has initial infrastructure costs but long term savings.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Soil-less cultivation is a new advanced method for improving cultivation of different vegetable crops. It is a method of growing vegetables without the using soil as a rooting medium, in which the inorganic nutrients absorbed by the roots are supplied through irrigation water. It includes hydroponics, aeroponics and aquaponics. Hydroponics is the growing of vegetables in a fed with a solution containing a mixture of macro and micro-nutrients. Aquaponics is the technique in which, aquatic animals such as snails, fish, crayfish, prawns, etc., are grown in tanks with combination of hydroponics with vegetables are grown in water in a symbiotic environment. In aeroponics system, sealed root chamber is used as reservoir for nutrient solution where the plants above the reservoir cover with polystyrene/other material. It must be supported or hanged through holes in the expanded cover and are misted with nutrient solution to keep it always moist. Soil- less cultivation has been followed in number of vegetables such as, tomato, chilli, brinjal, green bean, bell pepper, cauliflower, cucumber, melons, radish, onion, lettuce, beet, winged beans, water spinach, spinach, coriander, and so on. Soil-less cultivation helps in early nursery raising and easy management, production of healthy vegetable seedlings free from disease, insects and pest. It has various benefits like; year-round production and off season, higher productivity and uniform quality, management of insect-pests, diseases and weeds is easier which helps in more efficient and less use of resources. Soilless culture is rapidly gaining its popularity and get accepted in many countries, especially in commercial vegetable production. Soilless culture could well dominate food production in the future As population increases and cultivable land declines due to poor land management, so people turn towards new technologies like soilless culture. In order to popularize soilless culture, it is very important to provide scientifically proven results for awareness and massive production of vegetable through soilless farming system and with this advanced technologies and techniques involved in soilless vegetable cultivation can be said as next-generation crop science hence, it can open a doorway to establish a new civilization in outer space.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
LITERATURE REVIEW
BASIC HYDROPONIC SYSTEM
HYDROPONIC GROW MEDIA
LIST OF CROPS
ADVANTAGES OF HYDROPONIC TECHNOLOGY
DISADVANTAGES OF HYDROPONIC TECHNOLOGY
FUTURE SCOPE OF HYDROPONIC TECHNOLOGY
CASE STUDY
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Compacted Soil, Reduced air permeability.
• Reduced water infiltration.
• Restricted plant root growth.
• Restricted accessibility of nutrients due to the increase in bulk density and reduced soil pore size.
• Dry topsoil.
• Reduced soil pore size.
• Decreased oxygen diffusion causing anaerobic conditions in the soil.
• Increased soil water saturation.
• Increased denitrification processes in the soil which leads to increased N2O emission, decreased
available nitrogen in the soil, and reduced efficiency of nitrogen usage by crops which further lead
to an increase of fertilizer use.
• Reduced soil aeration.
• Reduced microbial biomass.
• Reduced number of macrofauna like Earthworm due to the reduction of large pores.
• Reduced crop yield,Causes,Management
Bangladesh is an agricultural based country located in South Asia. Agriculture is the prime occupation of the major peoples in Bangladesh. In 1947-48 Bangladesh grown about 80% of total jute in the world which produced lot of foreign money that was majority of the total revenue of the country. For this reason jute is called as "Golden Fiber" of Bangladesh. Jute is one of the cheapest and the strongest of all natural fibres and considered as fibre of the future. Raw jute is the natural fibre which is extremely eco-friendly. Bangladesh is the biggest producer of natural jute or raw jute fibre both in quantity and quality .The other countries grow Jute plant are India, Nepal, China, Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand etc.
Soil-less cultivation is a new advanced method for improving cultivation of different vegetable crops. It is a method of growing vegetables without the using soil as a rooting medium, in which the inorganic nutrients absorbed by the roots are supplied through irrigation water. It includes hydroponics, aeroponics and aquaponics. Hydroponics is the growing of vegetables in a fed with a solution containing a mixture of macro and micro-nutrients. Aquaponics is the technique in which, aquatic animals such as snails, fish, crayfish, prawns, etc., are grown in tanks with combination of hydroponics with vegetables are grown in water in a symbiotic environment. In aeroponics system, sealed root chamber is used as reservoir for nutrient solution where the plants above the reservoir cover with polystyrene/other material. It must be supported or hanged through holes in the expanded cover and are misted with nutrient solution to keep it always moist. Soil- less cultivation has been followed in number of vegetables such as, tomato, chilli, brinjal, green bean, bell pepper, cauliflower, cucumber, melons, radish, onion, lettuce, beet, winged beans, water spinach, spinach, coriander, and so on. Soil-less cultivation helps in early nursery raising and easy management, production of healthy vegetable seedlings free from disease, insects and pest. It has various benefits like; year-round production and off season, higher productivity and uniform quality, management of insect-pests, diseases and weeds is easier which helps in more efficient and less use of resources. Soilless culture is rapidly gaining its popularity and get accepted in many countries, especially in commercial vegetable production. Soilless culture could well dominate food production in the future As population increases and cultivable land declines due to poor land management, so people turn towards new technologies like soilless culture. In order to popularize soilless culture, it is very important to provide scientifically proven results for awareness and massive production of vegetable through soilless farming system and with this advanced technologies and techniques involved in soilless vegetable cultivation can be said as next-generation crop science hence, it can open a doorway to establish a new civilization in outer space.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
LITERATURE REVIEW
BASIC HYDROPONIC SYSTEM
HYDROPONIC GROW MEDIA
LIST OF CROPS
ADVANTAGES OF HYDROPONIC TECHNOLOGY
DISADVANTAGES OF HYDROPONIC TECHNOLOGY
FUTURE SCOPE OF HYDROPONIC TECHNOLOGY
CASE STUDY
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Compacted Soil, Reduced air permeability.
• Reduced water infiltration.
• Restricted plant root growth.
• Restricted accessibility of nutrients due to the increase in bulk density and reduced soil pore size.
• Dry topsoil.
• Reduced soil pore size.
• Decreased oxygen diffusion causing anaerobic conditions in the soil.
• Increased soil water saturation.
• Increased denitrification processes in the soil which leads to increased N2O emission, decreased
available nitrogen in the soil, and reduced efficiency of nitrogen usage by crops which further lead
to an increase of fertilizer use.
• Reduced soil aeration.
• Reduced microbial biomass.
• Reduced number of macrofauna like Earthworm due to the reduction of large pores.
• Reduced crop yield,Causes,Management
Bangladesh is an agricultural based country located in South Asia. Agriculture is the prime occupation of the major peoples in Bangladesh. In 1947-48 Bangladesh grown about 80% of total jute in the world which produced lot of foreign money that was majority of the total revenue of the country. For this reason jute is called as "Golden Fiber" of Bangladesh. Jute is one of the cheapest and the strongest of all natural fibres and considered as fibre of the future. Raw jute is the natural fibre which is extremely eco-friendly. Bangladesh is the biggest producer of natural jute or raw jute fibre both in quantity and quality .The other countries grow Jute plant are India, Nepal, China, Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand etc.
Vermitechnology means rearing of earthworms. earthworm is friend of farmer. earthworm is doing a great job and also produced a good organic manure is called vermicompost. vermicompost is a biofertilzer. which is enhancing soil qualities. This is explained earthworm biology, importance and preparation of vermicompost, vermiwash, panchgavya and their importance.
Participatory methods in Agricultural TechnologySupun Madushanka
Participatory technology development (PTD) is an approach to learning and innovation that is used in international development as part of projects and programmes relating to sustainable agriculture.
Hydroponic : Success formula : MN2P
M: Understand “what you can sell, how you can sell? What price and volume you can sale?
Nutrients: Once you move from Pilot scale to commercial scale, you must make your own Hydroponic Nutrients
2P: Pilot : always start with small pilot to see your hands on
Patience: Those with non agriculture hands on need to undertstand how science works with Nature.
Hydroponics untold truth revelaed gouri jadhav - sept 2018Gouri Jadhav
What is the untold truth?
What is Nutrient solution in hydroponics?
Perception v/s reality
Hydroponics V/s Soil based farming
Success factors of hydroponics
Exotic vegetables cultivation and OpportunitiesGouri Jadhav
Uniqueness of exotic vegetables?
Cultivation practices
Types of Exotic vegetables
Product life-cycle per type (stages and duration)
Practices and Methodology
What is the market potential?
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
2. Hydroponics - content
1.What is hydroponics ?
2.Why hydroponics?
3.Benefits of hydroponics
4.Myths and Reality
5.Crops, which can be grown in Hydroponics
6.Material needed for hydroponics
7.Different Methods: DWN, NFT, Aeroponics
etc.
8.Physical Set up
9.Costing of project
3. Hydroponics
• Hydroponics : Hydro = Water , Ponics = work
Hydroponics is growing plants in inert
medium like coco-peat, Perlite, vermiculite
and providing essential nutrients through
water i.e. Nutrient solution.
• Inert material means it does not provide
nutrition.
• Unlike soil which provide various nutrients to
plants.
4. Why hydroponics?
• Water scarcity at certain location.
• Labour availability problems or labour cost.
• Undulating land. Tillage not possible with
tractor/bullocks
• Soil is not cultivable (Barren Sodic soils-Kutchh).
• Automation of cultivation for efficiency.
• Cultivation on Roof top – terrace gardening or
urban farming.
• Recreation/hobby like Living wall.
8. Benefits of Hydroponics
• Efficient use of water and fertilizer. Reduces
water consumption by around 80-90 %.
• Better and efficient control on macro and micro
nutrients application.
• Recycling of water is possible.
• Reduced labor cost on land preparation, compost
, fumigation and inter-culture – removing weeds.
• Better control on EC & PH.
• Efficient control on soil borne diseases like root
rot.
• Better quality, shelf life and Productivity.
9. Myths and reality
Myth - Hydroponics should be
done in polyhouse only.
Reality –
NO
It can be done in shade net / open
cultivation.
Myth-
It uses harmful chemicals.
Reality –
No
It uses pure water soluble
fertilizers.
Myth-
Only For Salads
Reality:
No It can use used for all vegetables
10. Crops grown
Crop Method
Cabbage family Grow Bags
berries Grow Bags
Cucumber/ Dodka / Karle
creepers Grow Bags
Chilly and capsicum family Grow Bags
Tomato and cherry tomato Grow Bags
Mutter / ghevda - bean family Grow Bags
Methi, pala etc – leafy family Trays
Flowers –Rose Pots / grow bags
Gerbera Pots / Grow Bags
11.
12.
13.
14. Methods
SUB IRRIGATED : watering from bottom
1. DWC – Deep water culture
2. Wick Method
3. Aeroponics
4. Ebb and Flow
5. NFT – Nutrient film technique.
TOP IRRIGATED : watering
from top
Drip method
16. Substrates.
• Substrates provide support to roots and holds
nutrients solution.
• Coco peat – Obtained from coconut husk.
• Vermiculite – Treated mineral
• Perlite –Treated mineral.
• Sand/pine bark etc.
17. Fertigation
• Water quality
– Water PH. management
– EC – Electrical conductivity. management
– EC of substrate. Management
Nutrient solution
Fertilizers: Macro and Micro Nutrient
Use two separate tanks: Tank A and Tank B
These tanks has the macro and micro nutrients
solution which is scientifically designed for its
right combination and proportion.
18. Set up design
Tank A and Tank B, has the macro and micro nutrients solution which is
scientifically designed for its right combination and proportion.
Water line
Drip lines
Grow bags
Nutrient
Solution Tanks
19. Costing
Infra structure cost
• Small grow bag 30-35 rs
• Long grow bag : 80-100 rs.
• 3 year life of each grow bag
• Drip irrigation : 15k – 55k per acre
Operation cost : Fertilizer cost 10000 to 30000
for 10 gunthe (40 k – 120k per acre / annum)
Savings : no Weeds, Reduced labour, no soil
born diseases/ pests, water 80-90% saving
20. Grow bags arrangement method
Single grow bag arrangement
big grow bag arrangement
2 bags row
big grow bag arrangement
1 bags row
21. Costing Example
• Data
– Crop Zucchini
– Plant to plat distance 3 feet
– Row to row distance 2 feet
– Walking path between rows 2 feet
• Calculation
– Since distance between plant is high use single grow bag
– 100 feet x 100 feet L x W = 10000 sq feet area
– In one row place 33 grow bags at distance of 3 feet centre to centre
– You can make 50 columns
– 33 x 50 = 1650 grow bags (small size)
– Price per grow bag 30, 1650 x 30 = 49500
23. Opportunities
• B2b : Cost is not justified, Brake even post 5
years
• B2C :
– Own direct sales
– farm visits
– Branding of salads
– Home kits for urban farmers