This document is about the Importance of Energy Storage, how to the energy can be stored and the advantages and disadvantages of the different types of Energy storage elements
A supercapacitor or ultra capacitor is an electrochemical capacitor that has an unusually high energy density when compared to common capacitors. They are of particular interest in automotive applications for hybrid vehicles and as supplementary storage for battery electric vehicles.
This document is about the Importance of Energy Storage, how to the energy can be stored and the advantages and disadvantages of the different types of Energy storage elements
A supercapacitor or ultra capacitor is an electrochemical capacitor that has an unusually high energy density when compared to common capacitors. They are of particular interest in automotive applications for hybrid vehicles and as supplementary storage for battery electric vehicles.
As we all know, fossil fuels are going to be extinct in next few years. So to find a better alternative to this problem use of hydrogen can be implemented This project is about production of hydrogen as a fuel using platinum and titanium as cathode and anode respectively. This project was successfully completed with the help of running a small motor car using hydrogen as fuel.
this is the report on Hydrogen Fuel cell. which is the future of vehicles & probably future of electric vehicles.
Hydrogen Fuel cell is the one part or type of fuel cell.
here is the working, advantages, disadvantages of fuel cell vehicles.
as well as there are list of popular fuel cell vehicles recently launched.
23-03-2020
Volcanoes,Fault Zone And Earthquakes,,Seismograph,Body Waves,Features Of Volc...Dhrupal Patel
briefly introduction about Volcanoes,Fault Zone And Earthquakes,,Seismograph,Body Waves,Features Of Volcanism,Volcanic EruptionsVolcanic Products,Locating Earthquakes,Measuring The “Size” Of Earthquakes,World Earthquake Distribution,Effects Of Earthquakes
LIMITATIONS OF GIS
ADVANTAGES OF GISTHREE VIEWS OF GISFUNCTIONS OF GIS
APPLICATION OF GIS
COMPONENTS OF GIS
REQUIREMENTS OF A BUILDING FOUNDATIONS
FUNCTIONS OF A BUILDING FOUNDATIONS
GEOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR BUILDINGS
SUCCESSFUL CONSTRUCTION AND ULTIMATE STABILITY OF A BRIDGE.
GEOLOGY OF BRIDGE SITE
ROAD AND RAILWAYS – GEOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS
GEOLOGICAL TUNNELLS INVESTIGATIONS
GROUND WATER CONDITION AT TUNNELLING SITE
DIFFERENT TYPES EFFECT IN TUNNELLS
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS AT THE TUNNEL SITE
IGNEOUS ROCKS AT THE TUNNEL SITE
TUNNELS
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
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Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
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for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
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2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
2. The Battery
• A cell consists of two
electrodes of different
metals immersed in a
weak acid
• Multiple cells can be
stacked in series to make
a battery
• The positive terminal is
called the anode and the
negative terminal the
cathode
3. Connecting Batteries in Series
• Batteries connected
end to end will have a
voltage equal to the
total voltage of the
individual batteries
• Disposable dry cell
batteries have a
typical voltage of 1.5 V
+
+
+
1.5 V 3 V
4. Amp-hours
• The total energy contained within a battery can be described
using Amp-hours
• Example: A battery that can provide 4 A-hrs can generate 4
A for 1 hour, 2 A for 2 hrs., etc.
• Example: A 12 volt car battery can provide 60 A-hrs. of
energy. How many joules is this?
• Solution: If it drew 60 A of current at 12 V, that would be (60
A) x (12 V) = 720 W. And 1 hr = 3600 s, so (720 W) x (3600 s)
= 2.59 x 106
J
• In other words: Energy (J) = (Amp-hours) x (Volts) x (3600)
5. SHANKARSINGH VAGHELA BAPU INSTITUTE
OF TECHNOLOGY
SUBJECT: EEE
FACULTY: GAJENDRA SIR
NAME: KARAN SHAH
CLASS: COMPTER ENGINEERING
SEM: 1ST
ENROLMENT NO 140750107009
ROLL NO: 62
TOPIC: BATTERY
6. How a Battery (Cell) Works
• Both electrodes slowly
dissolve in the acid
• At the anode, electrons are
used in chemical reactions
as the metal dissolves
• At the cathode, electrons
are absorbed into the
electrode as the metal
dissolves
• The net result is a buildup of
electrons at the cathode
7. Disposable and Rechargeable Batteries
• A rechargeable battery can be connected to
an electric current so that dissolved metals
reform on the electrodes
• Examples: lead acid, nickel cadmium, lithium,
etc.
• The chemical reactions that power a
disposable battery cannot be reversed
• Examples: alkaline dry cells, etc.
8. The Lead Acid Battery
• Two electrodes, one of
lead, the other of lead
dioxide (PbO2) immersed
in sulfuric acid
• Lead ions (Pb++
) dissolve,
leaving two electrons
behind
• Two electrons flow
through the circuit and
are used to help lead
dioxide dissolve
9. Disposable Batteries
• A typical disposable battery
contains a carbon
(graphite) and a zinc
electrode
• The electrolyte is a paste of
ammonium chloride
• Disposable batteries may
leak if too much of the zinc
can is dissolved
10. How Disposable Batteries Work
• Both electrodes generate
electrons when they dissolve
• The cathode generates more
than the anode
• To remove electrons from the
anode, positive ions “plate” or
stick to the anode
• A membrane separates the A+
and B+
ions
• Eventually, positive ions
accumulate near the cathode
and are depleted near the
anode
11. Electric Vehicles
• Electric vehicles use
electric motors powered
by rechargeable
batteries
• Both Honda and GM
(among others)
manufacture electric
vehicles
• Electric vehicles have
been around as long as
gas powered cars!
The GM EV-1
12. How and Electric Vehicle Works
• An electric motor replaces the gas
engine
– Electric motors are extremely
reliable
– During braking, electric motors
can act as generators and
recharge the batteries
• A rechargeable battery pack in the
trunk provides electric power
– Battery packs are heavy and
costly
– They must be replaced
eventually
Electric Motor
Battery Pack
13. Why Nobody Buys Electric Cars
“The battery challenge is vast. Even with our most
advanced experimental power pack, operating costs in 1998
would be unacceptable to the vast majority of drivers.
Essentially, it’s like asking the customer to buy a car with a
$15,000 gas tank--a $15,000 gas tank that holds the range
equivalent to 3 gallons of gasoline; a 3 gallon tank that takes 8
hours to refill, compared to a few minutes at a self-service gas
station.”
D. Wilkie, 1994
14. Comparing Gasoline and Batteries
Fuel Type Energy Density
(kJ/kg)
Range (miles)
Gasoline 48,000 350+
Lead Acid
Batteries
110-180 70-90
NiCad Batteries 200 110-120
Lithium
Batteries
540 270
15. Pros and Cons of Electric Cars
• Pros
– Pollution occurs at the
power plant where it can
be more easily
contained
– Lower operating
expenses (repairs,
refueling) than gas
engines
• Cons
– Limited range
– Batteries must be
replaced frequently
– Very expensive
– Same total amount of
pollution (when
including the power
plant that generates
electricity)
16. Fuel Cells
• In a fuel cell hydrogen is
“burned” by mixing with
oxygen in such a way that
it creates a voltage across
two electrodes
• Only water is produced as
a by-product
• Hydrogen can be fed in
directly or as part of larger
molecules such as
methane (natural gas)
17. How They Work
• Hydrogen molecules
give up their electrons
to the first electrode
• Electrons pass through
the circuit to the
second electrode
• Electrons are returned
to the molecules when
hydrogen and oxygen
combine to make
water
18. Comments on Fuel Cells
• Fuel cells have been around for 100 years
• Fuel cells can be made to burn other
molecules, such as methane, propane, etc.
• Hydrogen can be extracted from gasoline
before being fed into a fuel cell
• Fuel cells cannot store energy, so they must be
used in conjunction with a storage battery
19. Fuel Cells in Electric Cars
• Prototype cars have
been developed that
generate electricity
using fuel cells
• Pros
– Very little pollution
• Cons
– Expensive
– Hydrogen gas is
explosive
20. Fuel Cells to Replace Batteries
• Fuel cells can be used
to power a laptop
• Micro fuel cells have
been developed that
are small enough to fit
into a cell phone
• Fuel cells weigh less
and last much longer
than rechargeable
batteries
21. Why are Fuel Cells so Uncommon?
• Methods are being developed to store
hydrogen in a porous material rather than as
compressed gas
• Fuel cells require expensive catalysts
• How do you pump compressed hydrogen at a
self-service gas station?
• What happens to the hydrogen tank in an
accident?
22. Flywheels?
• A flywheel (i.e. a heavy
disk) spinning in a
vacuum can store a
large amount of energy
• Electrical energy can be
extracted (and stored)
using magnetic fields
• What happens to a disk
spinning at 100,000 rmp
when you hit a bump?