Hydraulics Pumps,Positive displacement pumps,working Principle of Single acting Reciprocating Pump,working Principle of double acting Reciprocating Pump,Advantages, disadvantages & applications of reciprocating pumps,centrifugal Pumps,working principle of centrifugal pump,advantages, disadvantages & Limitations of centrifugal pumps,difference between reciprocating & centrifugal pump

1. Hydraulics
Pumps
By:
Prof. Siddesh Kumar N M
Assistant Professor
PESCE Mandya

2. Introduction
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Department of Mechanical Engineering
PES College of Engineering Mandya

3. Introduction
• A hydraulic pump is a mechanical source
of power that converts mechanical
power into hydraulic energy
• When a hydraulic pump operates, it
creates a vacuum at the pump inlet.
• Due to vacuum, liquid from the reservoir
enters into the inlet line to the pump
• Mechanical action delivers this liquid to
the pump outlet and forces it into the
hydraulic system
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PES College of Engineering Mandya

4. Classifications of
Pumps
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PES College of Engineering Mandya

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PES College of Engineering Mandya

6. Positive
displacement
pumps
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PES College of Engineering Mandya

7. Positive displacement pumps
• Constant quantity of the fluid is delivered, regardless of the pressure
• High pressure and moderate capacity pumping
• Used in oil conducts and hydraulics devices
• Works on the principle of forced ejection of volume of fluid from a
closed chamber
• The displacement of the piston in the pump is equal to the amount of
volume of fluid pumped
• Positive displacement pump use an expanding cavity on the
suction side and delivering cavity on the delivery side
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PES College of Engineering Mandya

8. Working Principle of
Single acting
Reciprocating Pump
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PES College of Engineering Mandya

9. Working
Principle of Single acting Reciprocating
Pump
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PES College of Engineering Mandya

10. Working Principle of Single acting Reciprocating
Pump
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PES College of Engineering Mandya

11. Working Principle of
double acting Reciprocating
Pump
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PES College of Engineering Mandya

12. Working Principle of
double acting Reciprocating Pump
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PES College of Engineering Mandya

13. Working Principle
of double acting Reciprocating Pump
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PES College of Engineering Mandya

14. Advantages, disadvantages
& applications of
Reciprocating pumps
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PES College of Engineering Mandya

15. Advantages
• This pump is self-priming - Not
require filling the cylinders by
starting.
• This pump can work in wide
pressure range.
• Priming is not necessary
in pump.
• Provide high pressure at outlet.
• Provide elevated suction lift.
• They are used for air also.
Disadvantages
• More parts mean high initial cost
• High maintenance cost
• No uniform torque
• Low discharging capacity
• Pulsating flow
• Difficult to pump viscous fluid
• High wear in parts
Reciprocating pump
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PES College of Engineering Mandya

16. Applications of Reciprocating pumps
• High Pressure, Low Flow Applications: Reciprocating pumps are generally
designed to pump in low flow, high head applications. One of the most extreme
of these applications is water jet cutting, where only a few gallons pass through
the pump per minute but exceed pressures of 10,000 PSI.
• Proven, Common Technology: Reciprocating pumps are one of the oldest, most
proven pump types. Reciprocating pumps range from less than 1 horsepower to
over 3,000 horsepower.
• Durability: Reciprocating pumps are used in some of the most abrasive and
corrosive applications. Fluid ends and fluid end parts can be made of many
different materials such as stainless steel, aluminum bronze, tungsten carbide,
ceramic, and more.
• Efficiency: Reciprocating pumps operate at high a higher efficiency compared to
other pump designs. In most cases, at any setpoint, reciprocating pumps operate
around 90%.
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PES College of Engineering Mandya

17. Centrifugal Pumps
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PES College of Engineering Mandya

18. Introduction
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PES College of Engineering Mandya

19. Centrifugal Pumps
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PES College of Engineering Mandya

20. Elements
of
centrifugal
pump
Rotating element
Stationary element
Suction pipe, stainer and foot
valve
Delivery pipe & delivery valve
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PES College of Engineering Mandya

21. Rotating
element
• It consists of shaft and vane rotar called
impeller
• The vanes are cuved, cylindrical and even
complex surfaces
• The impeller is mounted to shaft and
coupled to a driving unit
• By the interaction between the vanes and
the liquids the mechanical energy of the
driver is converted to flow energy 21
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PES College of Engineering Mandya

22. Stationary
element
• It consist of casing and bearing
• Casing is an air tight chamber
surrounding the pump impeller
• It collects the liquid from the
impeller and leads it to high
pressure delivery side
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PES College of Engineering Mandya

23. Suction pipe, stainer
and foot valve
• Suction pipe connects the centre eye of
the impeller to the sumps from which
liquid is to be lifted
• The pips should be airtight to avoid the
formation of the bubbles
• Strainer is provided to avoid the entry of
the foreign dust particles
• Strainer is provided at the entry of the
suction pipe and foot valve is provided
above the strainer
• Foot valve restricts the entry of fluid in
opposite direction and prevents
backward flow when pump is stoped 23
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PES College of Engineering Mandya

24. Delivery pipe &
Delivery valve
• Delivery pipe leads the liquid from the
pump oulet to the point of use
• A regulator valve is provided just near the
outlet to regulate the flow
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PES College of Engineering Mandya

25. Working principle of
centrifugal pump
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PES College of Engineering Mandya

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PES College of Engineering Mandya
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27. Working
principle
of centrifugal
pump
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PES College of Engineering Mandya

28. Advantages, disadvantages &
Limitations of centrifugal
pumps
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29. Advantages
• As there is no valves & many
moving parts, they are simple in
nature
• Moves at high speed
• Higher efficiency compare to
reciprocating pump
• Less maintenance
• They are flexible easy to move
and don’t take up a lot of space
• Output is steady and constient
Disadvantages
• Priming is required because of
the usage of rotation
• It causes the phenomenon of
cavatiation and this cause
corrosion
• Not suitable for too viscous
fluids
• Cant able to work at high heads
Centrifugal pump
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PES College of Engineering Mandya

30. Appliations
of Pumps
• The applicatons of pumps are classified
into following categories
• Thermal Engineering
• Chemical Industry
• Agriculture & Irrigation
• Hydraulic control system
• Extreme temperature operations
• House old and drainage systems
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31. Difference between
reciprocating &
centrifugal pump
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PES College of Engineering Mandya

32. Difference
between reciprocating
& centrifugal pump
Recriprocating
pump
Centrifugal pump
Complex in
construction
Simple in
construction
More suitable
for high
pressure
andhigh heads
More suitable for
low/moderate
heads and
pressure
Discharge is
low
Discharge is high
Fixed deliver of
fluid
Variable delivery
of fluid
Fluxiacating
flow
Smooth flow
Prming is not
required
Priming is
required 32
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PES College of Engineering Mandya

33. Difference
between reciprocating
& centrifugal pump
Recriprocating
pump
Centrifugal pump
Efficiency is
low
Efficiency is high
Initial cost is
high
Initial cost is less
High
maintenance
Low maintenance
Requires more
space
Requires less
space
Cost is high Cost is low
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PES College of Engineering Mandya

35. Thank you
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PES College of Engineering Mandya