This document discusses types of pumps and opportunities for improving pump system efficiency to save energy. It describes positive displacement pumps, rotary pumps, and centrifugal pumps. It also discusses static head, friction head, and ways to reduce pressure drops and friction losses in piping systems, such as increasing pipe diameter, minimizing pipe length and bends, and reducing surface roughness. The document outlines additional energy saving opportunities for installed pump systems through proper valve control, variable speed drives, preventative maintenance, using multiple pumps efficiently, and eliminating unnecessary use. It emphasizes targeting end-use water consumption reductions.

1. Pump and Pumping System
Submitted to
Dr. Sunanda Sinha
Submitted by
Mayankraj Prajapat

2. Types of Pumps

3. Positive Displacement Pump
A positive Displacment pump increses the Presurre of Fluid by Trapping aFixed Amount Of it into a
Cavity then Reducing the volume of the cavity by Mechanical means like reciprocating mechanism
or gears. As the Volume of the Fluid Inside the Cavity is Reduses its pressure is Incresed Allowing it
to be Forced Against the Heigher Pressure In Pipe.
Uses in –
Generally used for high
pressure demands.

4. Rotary Pump
Uses –
1. To carry Viscous fluids
2. Generally used for RAC systems
3. Also used in Power Stearing

5. Dynamic Pressure Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps –
Two components :
1.Impeller
2.Housing /Volutes / Diffuser

7. Types of Impeller Blade

8. Energy saving opportunities during Design Stage of Pump
system
During design of pump system we have ways to reduce pressure drop across
piping system.
There are two types of heads causes pressure drop (energy drop) in pump
system
1.Static Head
2.Fiction Head

9. Static head and Friction head of a Pump
Two types of head a pump system come across -
• Static head is amount of energy given by pump to achive the difference in height of the discharge
tank fluid surface minus the suction tank fluid surface.
• Friction head is the amount of energy loss due to friction of the fluid moving through pipes and
fittings. It takes a force to move the fluid against friction, in the same way that a force is required
to lift a weight. The force is exerted in the same direction as the moving liquid and energy is
expended.
• It is given by -

10. Solution to Friction Head losses -
Four possible methods are available to reduce friction losses in a piping
system:
• Increase the pipe diameter of the system.
• Minimize the length of the piping within the system.
• Minimize the number of elbows, tees, valves, fittings and other obstructions
in the piping system, while simplifying the layout as much as possible. If a
corner must be turned, a gentle bend is better than a sharp, 90-degree turn.
• Reduce the surface roughness of the piping in the system.
• Oversizing often comes in the design phase, since the practice for adding
multiple safety factors is quite common. This means that both pressure and
flow parameters for the pump design may be 25 percent more than the
actual system operation.

11. Energy Saving Opportunities for a Installed Pump system -
• Implement Proper valve Control –
• The main functions of control valves are throttling flow or for bypassing flow. Throttling reduces the flow but
increases the pressure. You can minimize excess pressure by bypassing excess flow back to the reservoir or
another location.
• Implement Variable speed Drive -
• We can save energy by implementing variable speed drives. With a variable speed drive, the rotational
speed of the pump is adjusted to achieve the desired head and flow necessary for the process application
• Maintain pump system Effectivly -
• Preventive maintenance as lubrication, periodic adjustments, and removal of contaminants .Predictive
maintenance focuses on tests and inspections that detect deteriorating conditions. conducted with modern
testing methods and equipment.
• Use multiple pumps -
• When multiple pumps operate as part of a parallel pumping system, there are opportunities for significant
energy savings.
• Eliminate Unnecessary use -
• Pumping system efficiency measures include shutting down unnecessary pumps and using pressure switches
to control the number of pumps in service when flow-rate requirements vary.

12. Continue..
Some other useful measures -
• To achieve energy efficiency in pumping system is to target the end-use.
• We uses pattern and highlight areas where water consumption can be reduced
or optimized.
• Replace old pumps by energy efficient pumps.
• Operate pumps near best efficiency point.
• Ensure adequate NPSH at the site of installation.

13. Pump Performance Curve (to Select Energy Efficient Pump )
• Pump performance curves are important drawings produced by the pump
manufacturer to select best pump for our operation with Energy Saving.
• Pump performance curves are primarily used to predict the variation of the
differential head across the pump, as the flow is changed.
• Variation of efficiency, power, NPSH required etc, as the flow is changed, can
also be represented on the pump performance curves by the manufacturer.
• Following variables can be related through these curves –
Flow rate v/s Head
NPSH,
Pipe Diameter
Power consumption etc.

14. Power Performance Curve -
The pump operating point is identified
as the point, where the system curve
crosses the pump curve when they are
superimposed on each other

15. How to read a pump performance curve
(to design Energy efficient pump system)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U-k6YIcYMUI

16. Thanks