With the development of industry and
agriculture, a great amount of energy such as coal, oil
and gas has been consumed in the world. Extensive
use of these fossil energies deteriorates a series of
problems like energy crisis, environmental pollution
and so on. Everybody knows that the fossil energy
reserves are finite, some day it will be exhausted.
It is possible that the world will face a
global energy crisis due to a decline in the
availability of cheap oil and recommendations to a
decreasing dependency on fossil fuel. This has led to
increasing interest in alternate power/fuel research
such as fuel cell technology, hydrogen fuel, biodiesel,
Karrick process, solar energy, geothermal energy,
tidal energy and wind. Today, solar energy and wind
energy have significantly alternated fossil fuel with
big ecological problems.
With the development of the science and
technology, power generation using solar energy and
wind power is gradually known by more and more
people. And it is widespread used in many developed
countries. The merits of the solar and wind power
generation are very obvious-infinite and nonpolluting.
The raw materials of the solar and wind
power generation derived from nature, and wind
power generation can work twenty-four hours a day,
solar power generation only works by daylight. In
addition, this kind of power generation has no
exhaust emission and there is no influence to the
nature. But it also has some shortcomings. Because
of the imperfect of the technology, equipment of the
solar and wind power generation is very expensive.
By far, it cannot be widely used.
In addition, solar and wind power
generation system affected by the changing of the
weather very much, so it has obvious defects in
reliability compared with fossil fuel, and it is difficult
to make it fit for practical use the lack of economical
efficiency .Because of these problems it needs to
increase the reliability of energy supply by
developing a system which interacts Solar and wind
energy. This kind of system is usually called windsolar
hybrid power generation system significantly
Off grid solar power systems design is said to be complex. In this presentation, a simple design process is described: starting by load assessment, then moving to estimating array energy output; estimating array power and determining required number of modules as well as the size of other system components.
This presentation is adapted from a course delivered online by Mathy Mpassy Isinki. After ten years spent providing energy solutions in remote off grid locations, he describes himself as an off grid energy solutions business and technical sales professional; his goal is to share with you what he has learned the last ten years.
Hybrid solar wind power generation systemHemanth Duru
A simple introduction to Hybrid solar wind power generation System.In this system we use both wind and solar power generation devices.Here wind turbine is inter connected with solar panel.so that it can generate power in both ways.It gives power in night time and works efficiently.As per availability of sun rise and wind it can generate power.The power generated is given to the load.Its efficiency is high and eco-friendly.
An Overview of Photovoltaic Systems or PV Systems. This PPT outlines what a solar systems is and what it is consisted of. From solar panels to charge controller to deep cycle batteries to the inverter.
Concentrated Solar Power Technologies (CSP)swapnil_energy
Analysis of Concentrated solar power (CSP) or Solar Thermal (STH) technologies with focus on its technology assessment, financials, challenge areas and solar market scenario
Hybrid power generation by and solar –windUday Wankar
With the development of industry and
agriculture, a great amount of energy such as coal, oil
and gas has been consumed in the world. Extensive
use of these fossil energies deteriorates a series of
problems like energy crisis, environmental pollution
and so on. Everybody knows that the fossil energy
reserves are finite, some day it will be exhausted.
It is possible that the world will face a
global energy crisis due to a decline in the
availability of cheap oil and recommendations to a
decreasing dependency on fossil fuel. This has led to
increasing interest in alternate power/fuel research
such as fuel cell technology, hydrogen fuel, biodiesel,
Karrick process, solar energy, geothermal energy,
tidal energy and wind. Today, solar energy and wind
energy have significantly alternated fossil fuel with
big ecological problems.
With the development of the science and
technology, power generation using solar energy and
wind power is gradually known by more and more
people. And it is widespread used in many developed
countries. The merits of the solar and wind power
generation are very obvious-infinite and nonpolluting.
The raw materials of the solar and wind
power generation derived from nature, and wind
power generation can work twenty-four hours a day,
solar power generation only works by daylight. In
addition, this kind of power generation has no
exhaust emission and there is no influence to the
nature. But it also has some shortcomings. Because
of the imperfect of the technology, equipment of the
solar and wind power generation is very expensive.
By far, it cannot be widely used.
In addition, solar and wind power
generation system affected by the changing of the
weather very much, so it has obvious defects in
reliability compared with fossil fuel, and it is difficult
to make it fit for practical use the lack of economical
efficiency .Because of these problems it needs to
increase the reliability of energy supply by
developing a system which interacts Solar and wind
energy. This kind of system is usually called windsolar
hybrid power generation system significantly
Off grid solar power systems design is said to be complex. In this presentation, a simple design process is described: starting by load assessment, then moving to estimating array energy output; estimating array power and determining required number of modules as well as the size of other system components.
This presentation is adapted from a course delivered online by Mathy Mpassy Isinki. After ten years spent providing energy solutions in remote off grid locations, he describes himself as an off grid energy solutions business and technical sales professional; his goal is to share with you what he has learned the last ten years.
Hybrid solar wind power generation systemHemanth Duru
A simple introduction to Hybrid solar wind power generation System.In this system we use both wind and solar power generation devices.Here wind turbine is inter connected with solar panel.so that it can generate power in both ways.It gives power in night time and works efficiently.As per availability of sun rise and wind it can generate power.The power generated is given to the load.Its efficiency is high and eco-friendly.
An Overview of Photovoltaic Systems or PV Systems. This PPT outlines what a solar systems is and what it is consisted of. From solar panels to charge controller to deep cycle batteries to the inverter.
Concentrated Solar Power Technologies (CSP)swapnil_energy
Analysis of Concentrated solar power (CSP) or Solar Thermal (STH) technologies with focus on its technology assessment, financials, challenge areas and solar market scenario
Hybrid power generation by and solar –windUday Wankar
With the development of industry and
agriculture, a great amount of energy such as coal, oil
and gas has been consumed in the world. Extensive
use of these fossil energies deteriorates a series of
problems like energy crisis, environmental pollution
and so on. Everybody knows that the fossil energy
reserves are finite, some day it will be exhausted.
It is possible that the world will face a
global energy crisis due to a decline in the
availability of cheap oil and recommendations to a
decreasing dependency on fossil fuel. This has led to
increasing interest in alternate power/fuel research
such as fuel cell technology, hydrogen fuel, biodiesel,
Karrick process, solar energy, geothermal energy,
tidal energy and wind. Today, solar energy and wind
energy have significantly alternated fossil fuel with
big ecological problems.
With the development of the science and
technology, power generation using solar energy and
wind power is gradually known by more and more
people. And it is widespread used in many developed
countries. The merits of the solar and wind power
generation are very obvious-infinite and nonpolluting.
The raw materials of the solar and wind
power generation derived from nature, and wind
power generation can work twenty-four hours a day,
solar power generation only works by daylight. In
addition, this kind of power generation has no
exhaust emission and there is no influence to the
nature. But it also has some shortcomings. Because
of the imperfect of the technology, equipment of the
solar and wind power generation is very expensive.
By far, it cannot be widely used.
In addition, solar and wind power
generation system affected by the changing of the
weather very much, so it has obvious defects in
reliability compared with fossil fuel, and it is difficult
to make it fit for practical use the lack of economical
efficiency .Because of these problems it needs to
increase the reliability of energy supply by
developing a system which interacts Solar and wind
energy. This kind of system is usually called windsolar
hybrid power generation system significantly
Hybrid wind-solar Power generation systemShivam Joshi
This project is basically based on power generation with help of wind as well as solar equipments. This we call it as Hybrid stucture of solar and wind. The presentation contains all the baci information required to undestand this new innovative concept. For more information you can contact me. I woll get back to you as soon as possible. Thanks you. Hope its helpfull :)
Rural electrification by Lakshmi.Nidoni-Seminar report finallakshmi nidoni
ABSTRACT
In India, more than 200 million people live in rural areas without access to grid-connected power. A convenient & cost-effective solution would be hybrid power systems which can reduce dependency on grid supply, improve reliability. For a typical domestic load a solar –wind hybrid system is designed with charge controller to charge a conventional battery. To optimize system efficiency, a simple algorithm is developed for system sizing. Total cost of unit is calculated using life cycle cost analysis and payback period.
It is type of hybrid energy system consist of a photovoltaic array coupled with a wind turbine.This would create more output from the wind turbine during the winter, whereas during the summer, the solar panels would produce their peak output.Solar Photovoltaic (PV) – Wind Turbine (WT) Hybrid System is the best way to utilize not just one local available RE resource but multiple renewable RE resources.
A Simple Control Strategy for Boost Converter Based Wind and Solar Hybrid Ene...IJRES Journal
This paper deals about the improvement of output from hybrid (Wind and PV) system through the maximum power point technique (MPPT). Though various power tracking techniques are available, Constant Voltage method is simple and effective way to track the maximum power. In this method output voltage is compared with the maximum voltage and based on the comparison gate signal is generated to the boost converter switch. Two boost converters are used individually for PV and Wind system. The whole system is modeled by using the Matlab/Simulink Model.
Energy crisis are of special attention now-a-days. In this project presents a new system configuration of the front-end rectifier stage for a hybrid Hydro/wind/photovoltaic energy system. This system allows the three sources to supply the load separately or simultaneously depending on the availability of the energy sources. In household power generation wind and solar are the general hybrid energy options, which are used. But the overhead water tank is one of the neglected energy generation sources which are available in normal household and commercial places. In today’s world each and every source of energy has to be utilized. Therefore we are trying to use the stored energy in overhead water tank for power generation. Solar and Wind energy will contribute major part of power generation. Generated power will be stored in the battery which sources power to inverter and inverter to load. It gives us multiple sources of energy and also helps us to recover some amount of energy which is stored in overhead water tank.
Implementation of Hybrid Generation Power System in PakistanIJAPEJOURNAL
A solar-wind hybrid power generation system has been presented here. The application based system illustrated in this paper is designed on the basis of the solar and wind data for Pakistan. The power generated by the system is intended for domestic use. The most common source of unconventional power in homes is battery based UPS (Uninterrupted power supply) inverter. The UPS inverter charges the battery with conventional grid power. This system will charge the battery of UPS inverter by using only wind and solar power, which will make the system cost effective and more reliable. The reason for using both solar and wind is that recent studies have proven that combined system can be more productive and consistent and other thing is that neither of them can be used for continuous power generation. In the system illustrated in this paper the solar-wind system provides power periodically which is controlled by electronic methods and a microcontroller is used to monitor the power from both the inputs. The switching action is provided from the microcontroller to the battery charging based on the power received from solar photovoltaic panel and wind generators. In this paper, an efficient system has been presented comprising of solar panel, wind generator, charge controller and charge storage unit (battery). Solar panel is selected as the main input and the wind resource will be used only in the absence of the solar photovoltaic (PV) output.
Dc House An Alternate Solution for Rural Electrificationijtsrd
In today's date, India is a large consumer of fossil fuel such as coal, crude oil etc. The rapid increase in use of Non renewable energies such as fossil fuel, oil, natural gas has created problems of demand and supply. Because of which, the future of Non renewable energies is becoming uncertain. Now a day's electricity is most needed facility for the human being. All the conventional energy resources are depleting day by day. So we have to shift from conventional to non conventional energy resources. In this the combination of two energy resources is takes place i.e. wind and solar energy. This process reviles the sustainable energy resources without damaging the nature. We can give uninterrupted power by using hybrid energy system. Basically this system involves the integration of two energy system that will give continuous power. Solar panels are used for converting solar energy and wind turbines are used for converting wind energy into electricity. This electrical power can utilize for various purpose. Generation of electricity will be takes place at affordable cost. This paper deals with the generation of electricity by using two sources combine which leads to generate electricity with affordable cost without damaging the nature balance. Preeti Pawar Patil | Rutuja Kole Patil | Nikita Patil ""Dc House: An Alternate Solution for Rural Electrification"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23279.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/23279/dc-house-an-alternate-solution-for-rural-electrification/preeti-pawar-patil
Rural electrification through solar and wind hybrid systemnissy marla
The aim of this work is design and implementation of a Hybrid power generation system using wind energy photovoltaic solar energy- solar energy with Nano-antenna for continuous (24*7) power generation.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
One of the primary needs for socio-economic development in any nation in the world is the provision of reliable electricity supply systems with lower carbon footprint levels. The purpose of this work is the development of a hybrid Power system that harnesses the renewable energy in sun and electricity to generate electricity. The working model can able to run on dual mode- solar and electricity. It can also be driven independently either by solar or electricity. The battery can be charge from solar panel (40W) or by power supply. The household single phase A.C. power supply of 230V is converted into 12V D.C. using step down transformer and rectifying circuit. The working model can achieve energy saving, low carbon emission, environmental protection for the upcoming future of human life.
THIS REPORT IS BASED ON THE GREEN ENERGY ELECTRIC POWER CONVERTER AND THIS REPORT IS PREPARED ON THE BASE OF FORMAT WHICH IS STANDARD AND THIS REPORT ALSO CONTAINS DIFFERENT ENERGY SOURCES WHICH IS RENEWABLE SOURCES SO THIS USEFUL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS
TEACHING AND LEARNING BASED OPTIMISATIONUday Wankar
Teaching–Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) seems to be a rising star from amongst a number of metaheuristics with relatively competitive performances. It is reported that it outperforms some of the well-known metaheuristics regarding constrained benchmark functions, constrained mechanical design, and continuous non-linear numerical optimization problems. Such a breakthrough has steered us towards investigating the secrets of TLBO’s dominance. This report’s findings on TLBO qualitatively and quantitatively through code-reviews and experiments, respectively.
It is a selection of best element (with regard to some criteria) from some set of available alternatives. In the simplest case, an optimization problem consist of maximizing or minimizing a real function by choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of function. The classical optimization techniques are useful in finding the optimum solution or unconstrained maxima or minima of continuous and differentiable functions. These are analytical methods and make use of differential calculus in locating the optimum solution. The classical methods have limited scope in practical applications as some of them involve objective functions which are not continuous and un-differentiable. Yet, the study of these classical techniques of optimization form a basis for developing most of the numerical techniques that have evolved into advanced techniques more suitable to today’s practical problems.
The difficulties associated with using mathematical optimization on large-scale engineering problems have contributed to the development of alternative solutions. Linear programming and dynamic programming techniques, for example, often fail (or reach local optimum) in solving NP-hard problems with large number of variables and non-linear objective functions. To overcome these problems, researchers have proposed evolutionary-based algorithms for searching near-optimum solutions to problems.
Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are stochastic search methods that mimic the metaphor of natural biological evolution and/or the social behaviour of species. Examples include how ants find the shortest route to a source of food and how birds find their destination during migration. The behaviour of such species is guided by learning, adaptation, and evolution. To mimic the efficient behaviour of these species, various researchers have developed computational systems that seek fast and robust solutions to complex optimization problems. The first evolutionary-based technique introduced in the literature was the genetic algorithms (Gas). GAs were developed based on the Darwinian principle of the ‘survival of the fittest’ and the natural process of evolution through reproduction. Based on its demonstrated ability to reach near-optimum solutions to large problems, the GAs technique has been used in many applicationsin science and engineering. Despite their benefits, GAs may require long processing time for a near optimum solution to evolve. Also, not all problems lend themselves well to a solution with GAs.
For three decades, many mathematical programming methods have been developed to solve optimization problems. However, until now, there has not been a single totally efficient and robust method to coverall optimization problems that arise in the different engineering fields.Most engineering application design problems involve the choice of design variable values that better describe the behaviour of a system.At the same time, those results should cover the requirements and specifications imposed by the norms for that system. This last condition leads to predicting what the entrance parameter values should be whose design results comply with the norms and also present good performance, which describes the inverse problem.Generally, in design problems the variables are discreet from the mathematical point of view. However, most mathematical optimization applications are focused and developed for continuous variables. Presently, there are many research articles about optimization methods; the typical ones are based on calculus,numerical methods, and random methods.
The calculus-based methods have been intensely studied and are subdivided in two main classes: 1) the direct search methods find a local maximum moving a function over the relative local gradient directions and 2) the indirect methods usually find the local ends solving a set of non-linear equations, resultant of equating the gradient from the object function to zero, i.e., by means of multidimensional generalization of the notion of the function’s extreme points from elementary calculus given smooth function without restrictions to find a possible maximum which is to be restricted to those points whose slope is zero in all directions. The real world has many discontinuities and noisy spaces, which is why it is not surprising that the methods depending upon the restrictive requirements of continuity and existence of a derivative, are unsuitable for all, but a very limited problem domain. A number of schemes have been applied in many forms and sizes. The idea is quite direct inside a finite search space or a discrete infinite search space, where the algorithms can locate the object function values in each space point one at a time. The simplicity of this kind of algorithm is very attractive when the numbers of possibilities are very small. Nevertheless, these outlines are often inefficient, since they do not complete the requirements of robustness in big or highly-dimensional spaces, making it quite a hard task to find the optimal values. Given the shortcomings of the calculus-based techniques and the numerical ones the random methods have increased their popularity.
Finding an alternative with the most cost effective or highest achievable performance under the given constraints, by maximizing desired factors and minimizing undesired ones. It also mean that it make best use of a situation or resource. In comparison, maximization means trying to attain the highest or maximum result or outcome without regard to cost or expense. Practice of optimization is restricted by the lack of full information, and the lack of time to evaluate what information is available (see bounded reality for details). In computer simulation (modeling) of business problems, optimization is achieved usually by using linear programming techniques of operations research.
The first ant colony optimization (ACO) called ant system was inspired through studying of the behaviour of ants in 1991 by Macro Dorigo and co-workers. An ant colony is highly organized, in which one interacting with others through pheromone in perfect harmony. Optimization problems can be solved through simulating ant’s behaviours. Since the first ant system algorithm was proposed, there is a lot of development in ACO. In ant colony system algorithm, local pheromone is used for ants to search optimum result. However, high magnitude of computing is its deficiency and sometimes it is inefficient. Thomas Stützle etal. Introduced MAX-MIN Ant System (MMAS) in 2000. It is one of the best algorithms of ACO. It limits total pheromone in every trip or sub-union to avoid local convergence. However, the limitation of pheromone slows down convergence rate in MMAS.
The gas turbine is an internal combustion engine that uses air as the working fluid. The engine extracts chemical energy from fuel and converts it to mechanical energy using the gaseous energy of the working fluid (air) to drive the engine and propeller, which, in turn, propel the aeroplane.
The gas turbine is an internal combustion engine that uses air as the working fluid. The engine extracts chemical energy from fuel and converts it to mechanical energy using the gaseous energy of the working fluid (air) to drive the engine and propeller, which, in turn, propel the airplane.
This ppt show the steps to rewind the Brushless motor(BLDC)
If you fly brushless you've probably cooked a motor or two. You also probably know there are many different types of motors. Similar motors when wound differently performs very differently. Whether you've burned the motor up, or just want to alter performance, rewinding is a cheap solution for a patient modeller.
For this tutorial, I will be using Dynam E-Razor 450 Brushless Motor 60P-DYM-0011 (2750Kv). It is a Delta wound 8T (It means 8 turns ) quad wind.
The winding pattern described in this tutorial (called an ABC wind - ABCABCABC as you go around the stator) works for any brushless motor with 9 stator teeth and 6 magnets.
This ppt show the steps to rewind the Brushless motor(BLDC)
If you fly brushless you've probably cooked a motor or two. You also probably know there are many different types of motors. Similar motors when wound differently performs very differently. Whether you've burned the motor up, or just want to alter performance, rewinding is a cheap solution for a patient modeller.
For this tutorial, I will be using Dynam E-Razor 450 Brushless Motor 60P-DYM-0011 (2750Kv). It is a Delta wound 8T (It means 8 turns ) quad wind.
The winding pattern described in this tutorial (called an ABC wind - ABCABCABC as you go around the stator) works for any brushless motor with 9 stator teeth and 6 magnets.
Our project is a persistence of vision display (POV) that spins 360 degrees horizontally. The purpose of our POV display project is to create a small apparatus that will create a visual using only a small number of LEDs as it spins in a circle. When the LEDs rotate several times around a point in less than a second, the human eye reaches its limit of motion perception and creates an illusion of a continuous image. Therefore, our POV display demonstrates this phenomenon by creating a visual as the LEDs spin rapidly in a circle and the person watching will see one continuous image.
Arm cortex (lpc 2148) based motor speedUday Wankar
The project is designed to control the speed of a DC and AC motor using an
ARM7 LPC2148 processor. The speed of motor is directly proportional to the voltage
applied across its terminals. Hence, if voltage across motor terminal is varied, then
speed can also be varied. This project uses the above principle to control the speed of
the motor by varying the duty cycle of the pulses applied to it, popularly known as
PWM control. The project uses input button interfaced to the processor, which are
used to control the speed of motor. Pulse Width Modulation is generated at the output
by the microcontroller as per the program. The program is written in Embedded C.
The average voltage given or the average current flowing through the motor
will change depending on the duty cycle, ON and OFF time of the pulses, so the speed
of the motor will change. A motor driver IC is interfaced to the ARM7 LPC2148
processor board for receiving PWM signals and delivering desired output for speed
control. Further the project can be enhanced by using power electronic devices such
as IGBTs to achieve speed control higher capacity industrial motors.
Arm Processor Based Speed Control Of BLDC MotorUday Wankar
The project is designed to control the speed of a DC motor using an ARM series processor. The speed of DC motor is directly proportional to the voltage applied across its terminals. Hence, if voltage across motor terminal is varied, then speed can also be varied. This project uses the above principle to control the speed of the motor by varying the duty cycle of the pulse applied to it (popularly known as PWM control). The project uses input button interfaced to the processor, which are used to control the speed of motor. PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) is generated at the output by the microcontroller as per the program. The program is written in Embedded C. The average voltage given or the average current flowing through the motor will change depending on the duty cycle (ON and OFF time of the pulses), so the speed of the motor will change. A motor driver IC is interfaced to the STM32 board for receiving PWM signals and delivering desired output for speed control of a small DC motor. Further the project can be enhanced by using power electronic devices such as IGBTs to achieve speed control higher capacity industrial motors.
Arm cortex ( lpc 2148 ) based motor speed control Uday Wankar
The project is designed to control the speed of a DC and AC motor using an ARM7 LPC2148 processor. The speed of motor is directly proportional to the voltage applied across its terminals. Hence, if voltage across motor terminal is varied, then speed can also be varied. This project uses the above principle to control the speed of the motor by varying the duty cycle of the pulses applied to it, popularly known as PWM control. The project uses input button interfaced to the processor, which are used to control the speed of motor. Pulse Width Modulation is generated at the output by the microcontroller as per the program. The program is written in Embedded C.
The average voltage given or the average current flowing through the motor will change depending on the duty cycle, ON and OFF time of the pulses, so the speed of the motor will change. A motor driver IC is interfaced to the ARM7 LPC2148 processor board for receiving PWM signals and delivering desired output for speed control. Further the project can be enhanced by using power electronic devices such as IGBTs to achieve speed control higher capacity industrial motors.
Power Quality is a combination of Voltage profile, Frequency profile, Harmonics contain and reliability of power supply.
The Power Quality is defined as the degree to which the power supply approaches the ideal case of stable, uninterrupted, zero distortion and disturbance free supply.
MSEB was set up in 1960 to generate, transmit and distribute power to all consumers in
Maharashtra excluding Mumbai. MSEB was the largest SEB in the country. The generation
capacity of MSEB has grown from 760 MW in 1960-61 to 9771 MW in 2001-02. The customer
base has grown from 1,07,833 in 1960-61 to 1,40,09,089 in 2001-02.
C.S.T.P.S in contribution much in field of production of electricity. It is not only number
one thermal power station in Asia but also has occupied specific position on the international
map.
The first set was commission on August 1983 & was dedicated to nation by then PM
(late) Mrs. Indira Gandhi & second set commission on July 1984. The third & fourth units of
CSTPS under stage 2 were commissioned on the 3rd May 1985 & 8th March 1986 respectively.
The units 5 & 6 were commissioned on the 22nd March 1991 & 11th March 1992 respectively one
more units of 500MW was added to the CSTPS on making its generation to 2340 MW &
making “C.S.T.P.S.” as the giant in Power Generation of CSTPS.
This paper presents Grid Solver Bot which is a self-driven vehicle capable of localizing itself in a grid and planning a path between two nodes. It can avoid particular nodes and plan path between two allowed nodes. Breadth-first search & Dijkstra's Algorithm have been used for finding the path between two allowed nodes. The searching of a block over grid is easier when the rows and columns i.e. m* n of a grid is fixed. But when the grid is dynamic or changes over time than in such situation we require a generalized algorithm for traversing over a grid. In these paper we develop an approach for searching an object and also able to avoid an obstacle which was placed in a junction (meeting point of row and column). Here, we use different algorithms like Dijkistra’s, Best first search and A star algorithms. We develop an approach to find the block with minimum shortest path with the help of priority based algorithm. The vehicle is also capable of transferring blocks from one node to another. In fact, this vehicle is a prototype of a self-driven vehicle capable of transporting passengers and it can also be used in industries to transfer different items from one place to another.
Ballarpur Industries Limited (BILT) is a flagship of the US$ 4 bnAvantha Group and India's
largest manufacturer of writing and printing (W&P) paper. The current chairman of the
company is GautamThapar, who succeeded his late uncle L.M. Thapar.
BILT's subsidiaries include Sabah Forest Industries (SFI), Malaysia's largest pulp and paper
company, and BILT Tree Tech Limited (BTTL), which runs BILT's farm forestry programme
in several states in India.
BILT has six manufacturing units across India, which give the company geographic coverage
over most of the domestic market. BILT has a dominant share of the high-end coated
paper segment in India. The company accounts for over 50% of the coated wood-free paper
market, an impressive 85% of the bond paper market and nearly 45% of the hi-bright
Maplitho market, besides being India's largest exporter of coated paper.
BILT’s acquisition of SFI in 2007 was a watershed event – it was the first overseas acquisition
by an Indian paper company. This acquisition transformed BILT into a major regional
player, and elevated the company's ranking among the global top 100.
Ensuring data storage security in cloud computingUday Wankar
Cloud computing has been envisioned as the next-generation architecture of IT enterprise.
In contrast to traditional solutions, where the IT services are under proper physical, logical and personnel controls, cloud computing moves the application software and databases to the large data centers, where the management of the data and services may not be fully trustworthy.
Moving data into the cloud offers great convenience to users since they don’t have to care about the complexities of direct hardware management.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
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NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
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When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
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Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
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Hybrid power generation by solar –wind
1. HYBRID POWER GENERATION BY SOLAR –WIND
Vaibhav R. Badukale, Akhil Wankhede, Uday Wankar,Yaduvendra kumar,Mishra,Akash Dahake
Electrial Engg. Department,GCOCE Chandrapur RTMNU Nagpur
Bypass Ballarsha Road, Chandrapur
badukale.vaibhav25@gmail.com
udaywankar@gmail.com
INTRODUCTION
With the development of industry and
agriculture, a great amount of energy such as coal, oil
and gas has been consumed in the world. Extensive
use of these fossil energies deteriorates a series of
problems like energy crisis, environmental pollution
and so on. Everybody knows that the fossil energy
reserves are finite, some day it will be exhausted.
It is possible that the world will face a
global energy crisis due to a decline in the
availability of cheap oil and recommendations to a
decreasing dependency on fossil fuel. This has led to
increasing interest in alternate power/fuel research
such as fuel cell technology, hydrogen fuel, biodiesel,
Karrick process, solar energy, geothermal energy,
tidal energy and wind. Today, solar energy and wind
energy have significantly alternated fossil fuel with
big ecological problems.
With the development of the science and
technology, power generation using solar energy and
wind power is gradually known by more and more
people. And it is widespread used in many developed
countries. The merits of the solar and wind power
generation are very obvious-infinite and non-
polluting. The raw materials of the solar and wind
power generation derived from nature, and wind
power generation can work twenty-four hours a day,
solar power generation only works by daylight. In
addition, this kind of power generation has no
exhaust emission and there is no influence to the
nature. But it also has some shortcomings. Because
of the imperfect of the technology, equipment of the
solar and wind power generation is very expensive.
By far, it cannot be widely used.
In addition, solar and wind power
generation system affected by the changing of the
weather very much, so it has obvious defects in
reliability compared with fossil fuel, and it is difficult
to make it fit for practical use the lack of economical
efficiency .Because of these problems it needs to
increase the reliability of energy supply by
developing a system which interacts Solar and wind
energy. This kind of system is usually called wind-
solar hybrid power generation system significantly
alternated fossil fuel with big ecological problems.
1. RENEWABLE ENERGY
Renewable energy is energy which comes
from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain,
tides, waves and geothermal heat, which are
renewable (naturally replenished). About 16% of
global final energy consumption comes from
renewable, with 10% coming from traditional
biomass, which is mainly used for heating, and 3.4%
from hydroelectricity. New renewable (small hydro,
modern biomass, wind, solar, geothermal, and bio
fuels) accounted for another 3% and are growing
very rapidly. The share of renewable in electricity
generation is around 19%, with 16% of global
electricity coming from hydroelectricity and 3% from
new renewable.
The global search and the rise in the cost of
conventional fossil fuel is making supply-demand of
electricity product almost impossible especially in
2. some remote areas. Generators which are often used
as an alternative to conventional power supply
systems are known to be run only during certain
hours of the day, and the cost of fueling them is
increasingly becoming difficult if they are to be used
for commercial purposes. There is a growing
awareness that renewable energy such as
photovoltaic system and Wind power have an
important role to play in order to save the situation.
1.1 Solar Energy
In India the annual global solar radiation is
about 5 KWh/ sq m per day with about 2300-3200
sun-shine hours per year. Solar radiations represent
the earth’s most abundant energy source. The
perennial source of solar energy provides unlimited
supply, has no negative impact on the environment.
The solar photovoltaic (PV) modules convert solar
radiation from the sun into electrical energy in the
form of direct current (DC). Converting solar energy
into electricity is the answer to the mounting power
problems in the rural areas. Its suitability for
decentralized applications and its environment-
friendly nature make it an attractive option to
supplement the energy supply from other sources. 1
KWp of SPV generates 3.5-4.5 units (KWhr) per day.
If we could install Solar Photovoltaic Cells much of
the rural exchange power needs could be met,
adequately cutting down harmful greenhouse gases.
Figure 2.1shows electric power generation using
solar energy
Figure 1.1 Electric Power Generation Using
Solar Energy
1.2 Wind Energy
Wind energy is another viable option. The
Wind Turbine Generator is designed for optimal
operation at wind speed of 10-14 m/s. The Turbine
Generator starts at a cut-in speed of 3-3.5 m/s and
generates power at speeds 4.5 m/s and above. In India
the best wind speed is available during monsoon
from May to September and low wind speed during
November to March. The annual national average
wind speed considered is 5-6 m/s. Wherever average
wind speed of 4.5 m/s. and above is available it is
also an attractive option to supplement the energy
supply. Wind generators can even be installed on
telecom tower at a height of 15-20 mt. with suitable
modification in tower design, taking into account
tower strength . 1 KW WTG generates around 3 units
(KWhr) per day. Figure 2.2shows electric power
generation from wind energy.
3. 3
Figure 1.2 Shows Electric Power Generation
From Wind Energy.
1.3 Appropriate Geographical Region:
1.3.1 Solar:
In India the annual average solar radiation of
5 KW h/sq m per day with about 2300-3200 sunshine
hours per year is available in most parts of the
country except some pockets in north-east. As such
solar power (SPV) decentralized system can be
considered for the telecommunication network in
rural areas in most parts of the country.
1.3.2 Wind:
The southern and western coastal areas are
the ideal location for wind generators. For the
telecommunication network in rural areas in states
like Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Gujarat, Maharashtra
and parts of Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya
Pradesh where the annual average wind speed of 5-6
m/s is available, installation of hybrid solar-wind
power system can be an attractive option to
supplement the energy supply.
2. HYBRID
The 'hybrid' part of the name refers to the
fact that these power systems usually involve another
form of energy production, such as use of solar
panels or wind turbines. These power generators
work in unison within the system to maximize fuel
economy. To accommodate multiple sources of
power, these systems involve a computerized
controller, which controls operation, usage, and
energy production.
2.1 Need Of Hybridization
As the non renewable sources of energy are
going to exhaust in the nearby future so there is a
necessity to preserve the sources of energy and
should invent the alternative to save this energy. As
this non renewable form of energy is energy is sun
energy so we should use solar energy. This method
of sourcing can be very well adapted in villages
where till now in some areas electricity is not
available. So the solar energy and wind energy there
can be used for various household purposes, street
lightning. This saves non renewable like coal. So in
this way, the hybridization purpose is very well
achieved and proves efficient. So the hybridization
technique is a need for now days as well as for the
upcoming days.
2.2 Different Hybrid Power Technologies
1. Solar-wind hybrid.
2. Solar-diesel hybrid.
3. Wind-hydro hybrid.
4. Wind-diesel hybrid.
4. 2.2.1 Solar-Wind Hybrid Power System
Hybrid Wind-Solar System for the rural
exchanges can make an ideal alternative in areas
where wind velocity of 5-6 m/s is available. Solar-
wind power generations are clear and non-polluting.
Also they complement each other. During the period
of bright sunlight the solar energy is utilized for
charging the batteries, creating enough energy
reserve to be drawn during night, while the wind
turbine produce most of the energy during monsoon
when solar power generation is minimum. Thus the
hybrid combination uses the best of both means and
can provide quality, stable power supply for
sustainable development in rural areas. These
systems are specifically designed to draw 48 volts
DC power output from the solar cells/ wind turbines
and combine them to charge the storage batteries.
The system does require availability of diesel
generator, though for much reduced number of hour’s
operation. It is also designed to give priority to solar
and wind power so that operations of generators can
be minimized to the extent possible.
3. HYBRID GENERATOR
Hybrid Generators generally have reduced
fuel consumption, reduced maintenance, and provide
highly reliable electric power, as compared with non-
hybrid generators. This is due to a difference in the
way which it is operated, when compared to
traditional generators. Most engine driven electric
generators run continuously and at a high /fixed RPM
this results in significant quantities of fuel being
consumed even if the loads are low.
A hybrid generator automatically shuts the
engine off when demand is low. When power from
the engine is needed, it starts automatically and runs
at the minimum RPM to provide maximum fuel
economy. Running the engine slower, and shutting
the engine off when loads are low, results in dramatic
fuel savings, lower maintenance and increased engine
life.
3.1 Components of the hybrid generator:-
1. Solar panel
2. Controller
3. D.C. generator
4. Batteries
5. DC to AC converters
3.2 Working
The solar panel and wind turbine produces
DC power to charge the batteries and run the
inverters when needed .The inverter converts the
stored DC power to unstable AC electrical energy .
Having battery storage also helps the generator to
absorb load spikes. The controller monitors the
system starting and stopping engine as need. Because
hybrid generators already have an inverter and
battery storage, energy from wind or solar power can
be connected directly to the generator for increased
efficiency.
Solar power is the most abundant alternative
energy source available. Wind power and hydro
power are the next most abundant alternative energy
sources. One disadvantage of solar power systems is
they require the sun to generate alternative energy.
No sun means no energy. Solar power systems are
most efficient when sunlight is focused for maximum
exposure. Efficiency also increases in regions where
sunlight is readily available. The second most readily
available source of alternative energy, wind power,
suffers similar disadvantages. No wind means no
5. 5
energy. Wind power generators require wind speeds
as low as 3 miles per hour to operate. Wind power
efficiency increases with the speed and duration of
the wind.
Hybrid generator systems can be constructed
either as grid-assisted or grid-inter-tied and off-grid.
Grid assisted systems will use both electrical grid and
alternative energy sources. The electrical energy
provided from these multiple sources will then be
stored in battery systems. There is an advantage to
grid-assisted alternative energy sources, when the
wind does not blow, or the sun does not shine, the
electrical system will still be storing power in the
battery system. In these systems, hybrid generators
operate as a method to reduce utility costs. Off-grid
systems on the other hand are designed to provide
alternative energy sources that are completely
separate from grid power. Hybrid generators in this
case are the sole method of electrical input to the
battery storage system.
The typical layout of the power plant is as shown in
below
Figure 3.1. Layout of the Power Plant .
4. CHOICE OF COMPONENT
4.1 Choice of components for 1000 Watt
Load:
The choice of 1000W is a sample case and
this can be extended to any required capacity. To
achieve a solar power capacity of 1000watts the
capacities of Solar panel, Charging Controller, bank
of battery and Inverter are determined. The values
cannot be picked abstractly and hence, their ratings
and specification have to be determined through
calculations in other for the system to perform to
required specifications. For this design 12 hours was
assumed for the duration of the operation and the
calculations is done as indicated below:
4.1.1 Solar Panel:
Total load = 1000W
Period of operation or duration = 12 Hours
Then, Total Watt-Hour = 1000×12= 12000w-hr
The period of the solar panel exposed to the sun = 8
Hours (Averagely between 9am and 3pm) Therefore
solar panel wattage = 1200 -ℎr/8ℎr=1,500 .
Hence solar panel of 1,500W will be needed for this
design.
If solar panel of 150W is to be use the number of
panels to arrange in parallel to achieve 1,5000 Watt
will be:
No of panel =1500 /150 =10
This shows 10 of 150 Watt solar panel will be
required for this design
6. Figure 4.1.1 Solar panel
4.1.2 Charging Controllers:
For this design of 1000W solar power supply P=IV
Where
I is the expected charging current and
V is the voltage of the battery and = 12 V
P is the power supply rating= 1000W
Hence I = =100012=83 .
Since the value 83.3 A Charging controllers is not
readily available in the market then 1000A charging
controller will be used.
Figure 4.1.2 Charge Controller
4.1.3 Battery capacity:
Given that the total load P= 1000W and
Operational period = 12 Hours
Watt/hour capacity = 12,000 W-hr
To make the chosen battery to last long it is assumed
that only a quarter (¼) of the battery capacity will be
made used of so that it will not be over discharged
therefore hence the required batter capacity will be
12, 000 × 4 = 48,000 W/h
Now the choice of battery hour depends on A-H
rating of the storage battery. For example, for
200AH, 12V battery the number of batteries that will
be needed is 48000200=240 batteries. Also for a
1500AH, 12V batteries the number of batteries that
will be needed is 480001500 = 32 batteries. Hence,
for this design and to avoid too much weight and
occupying unnecessary space, 15000AH 12V battery
should be used, Therefore the total number of storage
battery required for 1000W solar power supply
system = 32
Figure 4.1.3 Solar Battery
4.1.4 Inverter
Since the total load is 1000W it is advisable
to size the required inverter to be 1500W as designed
for solar panel ratings. Hence 1500W pure sign wave
inverter is recommended in other to prolong the
lifespan of the inverter.
.
7. 7
Figure 4.1.4 Solar Inverter
5. APPLICATIONS
The standalone system can be used, since it
can be deployed anywhere with minimum space
utilization. The capacity of standalone system ranges
from 500VA to 5KVA.
For large scale commercial and industrial
applications, separately mounted wind turbine and
solar panels are used to engineer the required
capacity requirements can be accommodated.
Typical applications include:
1. Hotels
2. Business (Institutions and Government)
3. Large Estate Houses
4. Factories and manufacturing facilities
5. Commercial Power generation
6. Street lighting
6. ADVANTAGES
As the technology of solar collectors and
small wind turbine generators has advanced in past
decades, so has the industry in terms of efficiency in
manufacturing and fabrication technologies, as well
as direct labour cost.
1. Very high reliability (combines wind power, and
solar power)
2. Long term Sustainability
3. High energy output (since both are complimentary
to each other)
4. Cost saving (only one time investment)
5. Low maintenance cost (there is nothing to replace)
6. Long term warranty
7. No pollution, no noise, and deadly against
environment pollution
8. Clean and pure energy
9. Provides un-interrupted power supply to the
equipment
10. Provide clean, green, reliable, pollution free, low
emission and distributed technology power
11 The system gives quality power out-put DC to
charge directly the storage battery or provide AC.
12. The system can be designed for both off-grid and
on grid applications.
13. Efficient and easy installation, longer life
7. DISADVANTAGES
The disadvantages of power generation by
solar-wind are as follows :
1. Large number of harmonics is produced.
2. Initial investment is more.
3. Large space is required for larger generations
4. Wind energy systems are noisy in operation; a
large unit can be heard many kilometers away.
5. Efficiency is less than conventional power plants.
8. 8.CONCLUSION
1. By this project many villages can be lighted. For
villages which are much away from the construction
site of large power generating stations such as hydro
and nuclear can be provided power.
2. Also to satisfied the increasing demand of
electricity with clean hybrid power station by solar –
wind can be used.
REFERENCES
1) www.solarserver.com/
2) www.windpower.org
3) http//:www.scientific.net
4) W.W.S. Charters. “Solar and Wind Power
Technologies”. CSC Technical Publication
Services No 187, Commonwealth Science
Council. (1985).