This document describes a proposed remote power stand-alone system that uses a hybrid of solar, wind, and biomass energy sources. It discusses the need for such hybrid systems in remote areas not connected to the electric grid. The proposed system combines a photovoltaic array, wind turbine generator, biomass generator, battery bank, charge controller, and DC/AC converter to provide independent power. It focuses on the economic considerations and simulation approach for modeling and optimizing the performance of the hybrid system to reliably meet the power demands of the remote area.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Rural electrification by Lakshmi.Nidoni-Seminar report finallakshmi nidoni
ABSTRACT
In India, more than 200 million people live in rural areas without access to grid-connected power. A convenient & cost-effective solution would be hybrid power systems which can reduce dependency on grid supply, improve reliability. For a typical domestic load a solar –wind hybrid system is designed with charge controller to charge a conventional battery. To optimize system efficiency, a simple algorithm is developed for system sizing. Total cost of unit is calculated using life cycle cost analysis and payback period.
It is just a name for utilizing fast-growing trees, sugar cane, crop residue etc. for use in small power generation schemes. cogeneration using bagasse, power from biomass as fuel and biomass gasifier systems are together classified as dendro power.
introduction
solar energy wind energy
tidal energy
geothermal energy
bio mass bassed energy
biogas
petro plants
dendrothermal energy
energy from urban waste
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Rural electrification by Lakshmi.Nidoni-Seminar report finallakshmi nidoni
ABSTRACT
In India, more than 200 million people live in rural areas without access to grid-connected power. A convenient & cost-effective solution would be hybrid power systems which can reduce dependency on grid supply, improve reliability. For a typical domestic load a solar –wind hybrid system is designed with charge controller to charge a conventional battery. To optimize system efficiency, a simple algorithm is developed for system sizing. Total cost of unit is calculated using life cycle cost analysis and payback period.
It is just a name for utilizing fast-growing trees, sugar cane, crop residue etc. for use in small power generation schemes. cogeneration using bagasse, power from biomass as fuel and biomass gasifier systems are together classified as dendro power.
introduction
solar energy wind energy
tidal energy
geothermal energy
bio mass bassed energy
biogas
petro plants
dendrothermal energy
energy from urban waste
Renewable Energy Power Projects for Rural Electrification in IndiaMohit Sharma
As demand for energy is increasing around the world & in India, there is a positive growth trend coming in the renewable energy sector also. There are many rural and remote areas which are energy deficient.
Private companies are encouraged by Government creating opportunities by various governmental schemes like Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojna, Distributed Decentralized Generation and support in finance, distribution, technology, land, etc. As every area has its dynamics and differs from others in terms of topography, density of population and energy needs, there is a need of study for specific features related to a region (like a cluster of 19 villages in Gaya, Bihar requiring about 750kw Plant studied here) with the help of surveys, financial tools and earlier standards. Other renewable sources and areas are also covered in the book. The confidential information is edited-redacted.
Dc House An Alternate Solution for Rural Electrificationijtsrd
In today's date, India is a large consumer of fossil fuel such as coal, crude oil etc. The rapid increase in use of Non renewable energies such as fossil fuel, oil, natural gas has created problems of demand and supply. Because of which, the future of Non renewable energies is becoming uncertain. Now a day's electricity is most needed facility for the human being. All the conventional energy resources are depleting day by day. So we have to shift from conventional to non conventional energy resources. In this the combination of two energy resources is takes place i.e. wind and solar energy. This process reviles the sustainable energy resources without damaging the nature. We can give uninterrupted power by using hybrid energy system. Basically this system involves the integration of two energy system that will give continuous power. Solar panels are used for converting solar energy and wind turbines are used for converting wind energy into electricity. This electrical power can utilize for various purpose. Generation of electricity will be takes place at affordable cost. This paper deals with the generation of electricity by using two sources combine which leads to generate electricity with affordable cost without damaging the nature balance. Preeti Pawar Patil | Rutuja Kole Patil | Nikita Patil ""Dc House: An Alternate Solution for Rural Electrification"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23279.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/23279/dc-house-an-alternate-solution-for-rural-electrification/preeti-pawar-patil
Renewable Energy & Green Finance Landscape in BangladeshMahbub-Un- Nabi
An overview on Renewable Energy sector of Bangladesh along with Green Energy Finance. The policy Intervention of Central Bank and Government of BAngladesh
Renewable Energy for Sustainable Agriculture and Food SecurityShiva Gorjian
Identifiable change in the climate of Earth as a whole that lasts for an extended period of time. Worldwide, agriculture contributes between 14 and 30 percent of human-caused greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions because of its heavy land, water, and energy use. Activities like running fuel-powered farm equipment, pumping water for irrigation, raising dense populations of livestock in indoor facilities and applying nitrogen-rich fertilizers all contribute to agriculture’s high GHG footprint. The various renewable energy technologies and energy sources can be expected to be developed further and implemented at increasing scales in the future. The sustainable energy approach promotes renewable energy in the agriculture sector, especially in remote or rural areas all over the world where solar energy is available in abundance.
The world has already used her non-renewable resources. It will take 100 of years to recharge. But as Bangladesh is a land of beauty, she has a lot of renewable resources. If all of them can be utilized properly, our dependency on non-renewable resources will be vanished.
Rural Electrification is something which we all should strive for.
While we busy surfing net and using computers there people who are yet to get an electic connection to their households.
We should understand how important it is to save electricity so that more electrification is done especially in rural areas.
Modelling & Simulation of PV Module Connected with Three-Port DC ConverterDr. Amarjeet Singh
Of the world’s electricity is being generated through conventional sources of energy like coal and atomic energy. People have realized the dire effect of using these fuels, and the amount of CO2 being released into the environment. There has been a shift in emphasis towards cleaner ways of generating electricity in recent years. Solar energy is abundantly available and the cleanest renewable energy source available in the world and is ready to use for a variety of applications, such as the generation of electricity for residential, commercial, or industrial consumption and have become very competitive solutions. It can be seen that there is trend of solar photovoltaics (PV), which has seen rapid growth over the years. The increasing trend of adopting PV system allows consumers to be known as producers or “Prosumers”.
This report evaluates how solar PV can be used in combination with a battery bank along with three port converter to fulfill the requirement. Power production from PV cannot be consistent due to factors like the weather although The main benefits of solar power are that it can be easily installed cost of generation is low as there is no requirement for fuel and require very little maintenance Distributed maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and autonomous are achieved with the proposed configuration. The input-port of each TPC is connected to an independent PV energy source to achieve individual MPPT, and the output-ports of these TPCs are connected with load. Fully modular design is achieved by using Simulink/matlab.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Rural electrification through solar and wind hybrid systemnissy marla
The aim of this work is design and implementation of a Hybrid power generation system using wind energy photovoltaic solar energy- solar energy with Nano-antenna for continuous (24*7) power generation.
With the development of industry and
agriculture, a great amount of energy such as coal, oil
and gas has been consumed in the world. Extensive
use of these fossil energies deteriorates a series of
problems like energy crisis, environmental pollution
and so on. Everybody knows that the fossil energy
reserves are finite, some day it will be exhausted.
It is possible that the world will face a
global energy crisis due to a decline in the
availability of cheap oil and recommendations to a
decreasing dependency on fossil fuel. This has led to
increasing interest in alternate power/fuel research
such as fuel cell technology, hydrogen fuel, biodiesel,
Karrick process, solar energy, geothermal energy,
tidal energy and wind. Today, solar energy and wind
energy have significantly alternated fossil fuel with
big ecological problems.
With the development of the science and
technology, power generation using solar energy and
wind power is gradually known by more and more
people. And it is widespread used in many developed
countries. The merits of the solar and wind power
generation are very obvious-infinite and nonpolluting.
The raw materials of the solar and wind
power generation derived from nature, and wind
power generation can work twenty-four hours a day,
solar power generation only works by daylight. In
addition, this kind of power generation has no
exhaust emission and there is no influence to the
nature. But it also has some shortcomings. Because
of the imperfect of the technology, equipment of the
solar and wind power generation is very expensive.
By far, it cannot be widely used.
In addition, solar and wind power
generation system affected by the changing of the
weather very much, so it has obvious defects in
reliability compared with fossil fuel, and it is difficult
to make it fit for practical use the lack of economical
efficiency .Because of these problems it needs to
increase the reliability of energy supply by
developing a system which interacts Solar and wind
energy. This kind of system is usually called windsolar
hybrid power generation system significantly
Renewable Energy Power Projects for Rural Electrification in IndiaMohit Sharma
As demand for energy is increasing around the world & in India, there is a positive growth trend coming in the renewable energy sector also. There are many rural and remote areas which are energy deficient.
Private companies are encouraged by Government creating opportunities by various governmental schemes like Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojna, Distributed Decentralized Generation and support in finance, distribution, technology, land, etc. As every area has its dynamics and differs from others in terms of topography, density of population and energy needs, there is a need of study for specific features related to a region (like a cluster of 19 villages in Gaya, Bihar requiring about 750kw Plant studied here) with the help of surveys, financial tools and earlier standards. Other renewable sources and areas are also covered in the book. The confidential information is edited-redacted.
Dc House An Alternate Solution for Rural Electrificationijtsrd
In today's date, India is a large consumer of fossil fuel such as coal, crude oil etc. The rapid increase in use of Non renewable energies such as fossil fuel, oil, natural gas has created problems of demand and supply. Because of which, the future of Non renewable energies is becoming uncertain. Now a day's electricity is most needed facility for the human being. All the conventional energy resources are depleting day by day. So we have to shift from conventional to non conventional energy resources. In this the combination of two energy resources is takes place i.e. wind and solar energy. This process reviles the sustainable energy resources without damaging the nature. We can give uninterrupted power by using hybrid energy system. Basically this system involves the integration of two energy system that will give continuous power. Solar panels are used for converting solar energy and wind turbines are used for converting wind energy into electricity. This electrical power can utilize for various purpose. Generation of electricity will be takes place at affordable cost. This paper deals with the generation of electricity by using two sources combine which leads to generate electricity with affordable cost without damaging the nature balance. Preeti Pawar Patil | Rutuja Kole Patil | Nikita Patil ""Dc House: An Alternate Solution for Rural Electrification"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23279.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/23279/dc-house-an-alternate-solution-for-rural-electrification/preeti-pawar-patil
Renewable Energy & Green Finance Landscape in BangladeshMahbub-Un- Nabi
An overview on Renewable Energy sector of Bangladesh along with Green Energy Finance. The policy Intervention of Central Bank and Government of BAngladesh
Renewable Energy for Sustainable Agriculture and Food SecurityShiva Gorjian
Identifiable change in the climate of Earth as a whole that lasts for an extended period of time. Worldwide, agriculture contributes between 14 and 30 percent of human-caused greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions because of its heavy land, water, and energy use. Activities like running fuel-powered farm equipment, pumping water for irrigation, raising dense populations of livestock in indoor facilities and applying nitrogen-rich fertilizers all contribute to agriculture’s high GHG footprint. The various renewable energy technologies and energy sources can be expected to be developed further and implemented at increasing scales in the future. The sustainable energy approach promotes renewable energy in the agriculture sector, especially in remote or rural areas all over the world where solar energy is available in abundance.
The world has already used her non-renewable resources. It will take 100 of years to recharge. But as Bangladesh is a land of beauty, she has a lot of renewable resources. If all of them can be utilized properly, our dependency on non-renewable resources will be vanished.
Rural Electrification is something which we all should strive for.
While we busy surfing net and using computers there people who are yet to get an electic connection to their households.
We should understand how important it is to save electricity so that more electrification is done especially in rural areas.
Modelling & Simulation of PV Module Connected with Three-Port DC ConverterDr. Amarjeet Singh
Of the world’s electricity is being generated through conventional sources of energy like coal and atomic energy. People have realized the dire effect of using these fuels, and the amount of CO2 being released into the environment. There has been a shift in emphasis towards cleaner ways of generating electricity in recent years. Solar energy is abundantly available and the cleanest renewable energy source available in the world and is ready to use for a variety of applications, such as the generation of electricity for residential, commercial, or industrial consumption and have become very competitive solutions. It can be seen that there is trend of solar photovoltaics (PV), which has seen rapid growth over the years. The increasing trend of adopting PV system allows consumers to be known as producers or “Prosumers”.
This report evaluates how solar PV can be used in combination with a battery bank along with three port converter to fulfill the requirement. Power production from PV cannot be consistent due to factors like the weather although The main benefits of solar power are that it can be easily installed cost of generation is low as there is no requirement for fuel and require very little maintenance Distributed maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and autonomous are achieved with the proposed configuration. The input-port of each TPC is connected to an independent PV energy source to achieve individual MPPT, and the output-ports of these TPCs are connected with load. Fully modular design is achieved by using Simulink/matlab.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Rural electrification through solar and wind hybrid systemnissy marla
The aim of this work is design and implementation of a Hybrid power generation system using wind energy photovoltaic solar energy- solar energy with Nano-antenna for continuous (24*7) power generation.
With the development of industry and
agriculture, a great amount of energy such as coal, oil
and gas has been consumed in the world. Extensive
use of these fossil energies deteriorates a series of
problems like energy crisis, environmental pollution
and so on. Everybody knows that the fossil energy
reserves are finite, some day it will be exhausted.
It is possible that the world will face a
global energy crisis due to a decline in the
availability of cheap oil and recommendations to a
decreasing dependency on fossil fuel. This has led to
increasing interest in alternate power/fuel research
such as fuel cell technology, hydrogen fuel, biodiesel,
Karrick process, solar energy, geothermal energy,
tidal energy and wind. Today, solar energy and wind
energy have significantly alternated fossil fuel with
big ecological problems.
With the development of the science and
technology, power generation using solar energy and
wind power is gradually known by more and more
people. And it is widespread used in many developed
countries. The merits of the solar and wind power
generation are very obvious-infinite and nonpolluting.
The raw materials of the solar and wind
power generation derived from nature, and wind
power generation can work twenty-four hours a day,
solar power generation only works by daylight. In
addition, this kind of power generation has no
exhaust emission and there is no influence to the
nature. But it also has some shortcomings. Because
of the imperfect of the technology, equipment of the
solar and wind power generation is very expensive.
By far, it cannot be widely used.
In addition, solar and wind power
generation system affected by the changing of the
weather very much, so it has obvious defects in
reliability compared with fossil fuel, and it is difficult
to make it fit for practical use the lack of economical
efficiency .Because of these problems it needs to
increase the reliability of energy supply by
developing a system which interacts Solar and wind
energy. This kind of system is usually called windsolar
hybrid power generation system significantly
Hybrid Biomass-Solar Power System with Establishment of Raw Material Procureijtsrd
The utilization of sustainable power sources is ending up exceptionally essential because of the restricted stores of non-renewable energy sources and worldwide ecological worries for the creation of electrical power age and usage. In remote regions, towns, it is anything but difficult to get more sum biomass. Subsequently by the utilization of crossover frameworks comprising of Biomass and PV for creation of electrical vitality in these remote regions can be more temperate. On the off chance that the advancement of a PC based approach for assessing, the general execution of independent half and half PV-Biomass creating frameworks are broke down ,at that point these outcomes are helpful for creating and introducing cross breed frameworks in remote regions This paper centers the practical thought of independent crossover frameworks having PV and Biomass for electrical generation in remote zones. Additionally in this paper a reproduction approach has been recommended for planning remain solitary network for remote regions. The normal sun powered radiation and amount of biomass required information are to anticipate the general execution of the creating framework. The batteries can likewise be utilized as a part of this framework to store the additional vitality which can additionally be utilized for reinforcement. Likewise the additional power is utilized to supply to the network. Here the reproduction is completed utilizing HOMER programming. The outcomes and investigation can used to enhance the improvement of the proposed demonstrate. Vikash Pooniya | Mr. Pravin Kumar | Dr. Deepika Chauhan | Md. Asif Iqbal"Hybrid Biomass-Solar Power System with Establishment of Raw Material Procure" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11105.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/11105/hybrid-biomass-solar-power-system-with-establishment-of-raw-material-procure/vikash-pooniya
One of the primary needs for socio-economic development in any nation in the world is the provision of reliable electricity supply systems with lower carbon footprint levels. The purpose of this work is the development of a hybrid Power system that harnesses the renewable energy in sun and electricity to generate electricity. The working model can able to run on dual mode- solar and electricity. It can also be driven independently either by solar or electricity. The battery can be charge from solar panel (40W) or by power supply. The household single phase A.C. power supply of 230V is converted into 12V D.C. using step down transformer and rectifying circuit. The working model can achieve energy saving, low carbon emission, environmental protection for the upcoming future of human life.
Analysis and Design of a Hybrid Renewable Energy System – Lebanon CaseIJERA Editor
The depletion of fossil fuels and their environmental consequences have prompted searching for other sources of energy aiming to global status amelioration. In the recent past, renewable energy sources have been considered as alternatives for the fossil fuel energy sources. The unexpected pattern of natural resources assesses integrated utilization of these sources to provide persistent and reliable power supply to the consumers. The technology’s advantages, requirements and related improvements are underlined and results are generalized. This paper covers the design of a solar and wind based hybrid renewable system presenting calculations and considerations in order to achieve an optimized design. Since hybrid systems performance relies mainly on geographical an d meteorological aspects, the study will consider the case of the Mediterranean area and in particular Lebanon.
Design and Modeling of Grid Connected Hybrid Renewable Energy Power GenerationIJERA Editor
This paper proposes a design and modeling of grid connected hybrid renewable energy power generation. The
energy system having a photo voltaic (PV) panel, Srg wind turbine and fuel cell (sofc) for continuous power
flow management. Fuel cells (storage & generating) are added to ensure uninterrupted power supply due to the
discontinuous nature of solar and wind resources. Renewable energy generated during times of plenty can be
stored for use during periods when sufficient electricity is not available. But storing this energy is a difficult
task: batteries and similar technologies perform well over short timescales, but over periods of weeks or months
a different approach is necessary. Energy storage in the form of hydrogen is one such possibility: excess
electricity is fed into an electrolyser to split water into its constituent parts, oxygen and hydrogen. The hydrogen
is then used in fuel cells to produce electricity when needed which will overcome the problem of storage. This
work is mainly concentrated on the design, analysis and modelling of Fuel cells and Analysis and modelling of
Switched Reluctance Generator (SRG) in the application of Wind Energy Generation and pv cell. Also an
effective approach is proposed in this thesis to ensure renewable energy diversity and effective utilization. The
pv cell, wind and fuel cell renewable energy system is digitally simulated using the MATLAB/SIMULINK
software environment and fully validated for efficient energy utilizations and enhanced interface power quality
under different operating conditions and load excursions
Energy crisis are of special attention now-a-days. In this project presents a new system configuration of the front-end rectifier stage for a hybrid Hydro/wind/photovoltaic energy system. This system allows the three sources to supply the load separately or simultaneously depending on the availability of the energy sources. In household power generation wind and solar are the general hybrid energy options, which are used. But the overhead water tank is one of the neglected energy generation sources which are available in normal household and commercial places. In today’s world each and every source of energy has to be utilized. Therefore we are trying to use the stored energy in overhead water tank for power generation. Solar and Wind energy will contribute major part of power generation. Generated power will be stored in the battery which sources power to inverter and inverter to load. It gives us multiple sources of energy and also helps us to recover some amount of energy which is stored in overhead water tank.
1. Remote Power Stand Alone System Using Solar-
Wind-Biomass Energy
By: Debraj Nath
B.tech 3rd Year EEE , Sri Venkateswara College Of
Engineering And Technology(Autonomous)
R.V.S Nagar, Tirupathi Road, Chittoor- 517127
Ph no:- +919435240870
email id: debrajnath230@gmail.com
M.Saritha Reddy
B.tech 3rd Year EEE , Sri Venkateswara College Of
Engineering And Technology(Autonomous)
R.V.S Nagar, Tirupathi Road, Chittoor- 517127
Ph no:- +919014449585
email id: msaritha289@gmail.com
ABSTRACT- Due to the limited reserves of fossil fuels and global
environmental concerns for the production of electrical power
generation and utilization, it is very necessary to use renewable
energy sources. By use of hybrid systems we can implement
renewable energy sources which are very economical for remote
villages, homes etc. In particular, rapid advances in wind-turbine
generator, biomass generator and photovoltaic technologies have
brought opportunities for the utilization of wind and solar
resources for electric power generation world-wide .So by the use
of hybrid systems consisting of Biomass, PV and also wind for
production of electrical energy in these remote areas can be more
economical. If the development of a computer-based approach
for evaluating, the general performance of standalone hybrid
PV- Biomass-wind generating systems are analyzed ,then these
results are useful for developing and installing hybrid systems in
remote areas This paper focuses the economical consideration
and simulation approach for a standalone hybrid systems having
PV, wind and Biomass for electrical production in remote areas.
In this paper we are taken the average solar radiation, quantity
of biomass, average wind speed for the remote area for
prediction of general performance of the generating system.
keywords :Solar energy, Photovoltaic system, wind mill, 3 phase
Inveter, combustion system, etc
I. INTRODUCTION
Energy plays a crucial factor in technological and economic
development of present society. It has always been the key to
men’s greatest dream of a better world. But now also many
villages in the world live in isolated areas far from the main
utility grid. It is really impossible their meet by the
conventional sources because of the high cost of transport and
the distribution of energy to this remote areas [1]. For this
only now new implementation is going on hybrid systems
consisting of renewable energy sources .These hybrid systems
involve combination of different energy sources with wind,
PV, mini hydro, Biomass, fuel cells etc. Every year the
demand of electrical energy is grow rapidly throughout the
world. In India it is very difficult and also uneconomical to
transmit power over long distances through transmission lines
for special remote villages. Also 70% of its population is live
in rural areas. Generally the production of electrical energy
generally depends on fossil fuels. As a result it increases CO2
emissions, which are not healthy for environment concern [2].
To reduce the emissions of CO2 and greenhouse gas effects &
improvement of quality of life renewable energy is very much
useful for environment as well as to develop the economy of a
country .While many of the renewable energy projects are of
large scale, renewable technologies are also suited to rural and
remote areas, where there is often crucial in human
development. To develop the electrification in rural areas or
remote area house, it is very expensive to extend the power
lines form centralized sources to rural areas. There are many
renewable energy can be implemented in hybrid systems like
solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, biomass etc. But especially for
rural and remote areas it is economical to use hybrid systems
consisting of solar, wind and biomass. Standalone systems are
intended to operate independent of electric utility. It is not
being connected to main grid. Batteries are used in this system
belongs to lead acid type. The main useful of this system are it
requires lesser maintenance cost and as well as it is healthy as
for environmental consideration. Generally such type of
systems supports to the distributed generation and connected
to micro grids. In near future the system is favoring to
Distributed generation and micro grids. [3]
II. HYBRID SYSTEMS
A PV –wind- Biomass power system, which is a combination
of a photovoltaic array integrated with a wind generator and
biomass generator, is a better option for a remote area which
is not connected to the grid and is a best solution to
electrification of remote areas, where extension of national
grid is not a cost effective option. The system which is
analyzing consists of a PV array, wind generator, a battery
bank, a biomass generator, a charge controller and a DC/AC
converter. It is an autonomous system.
A. PV System: Sizing a photovoltaic system is an important
task in the system’s design. In the sizing process one has to
take into account three basic factors:
I. The solar radiation of the site and generally the
Metrological data
ii. The daily power consumption (Who) and types of the
electric loads, and
iii. The storage system to contribute to the system’s energy
independence for a certain period of time .
2. fig d represents the components and working of a solar panel
Fig 1: Working and functioning of a solar panel
The PV generator is oversized it will have a big impact in the
final cost and the price of the power produced and in the other
hand, the PV-generator is undersized, problems might occur in
meeting the power demand at any time [3] The amount of
solar radiation at a site at any time, either it is expressed as
solar intensity (W/m2) or solar radiation in MJ or Who, is
primarily required to provide answer to the amount of power
produced by the PV generator. The amount of electrical
energy produced by a PV-array depends primarily on the
radiation at a given location and time.
B. Biomass power: Biomass is the amount of living matter in
a given habitat, expressed either as the weight of organisms
per unit area. Biogas is a mixture of gases, generally carbon
dioxide and methane. It is produced by microorganisms,
especially in the absence of oxygen. This process is called
anaerobic process. Fig b represents a biogas digester.
fig 2. Biogas Digester.
Biogas also can develop at the bottom of lakes where
decaying organic matter builds up under wet and anaerobic
conditions. And a biodiesel is made from vegetable oils and
animal fats. The main factor of choosing this type of hybrid
system consist of biomass is that in remote area villages it is
easily and economically available in the form of dung of cow,
buffalo, goat etc. During the cloudy day, the total electricity
production can depend on the biomass.
C. Wind energy:
Wind energy sources have the potential to significantly reduce
fuel costs, greenhouse gas emissions, and natural habitat
disturbances associated with conventional energy generation.
fig 3: Wind Turbine Generator
Wind turbine generators (WTGs) are an ideal choice in
developing countries where the most urgent need is to supply
basic electricity in rural or isolated areas without any power
infrastructure. Wind energy has become competitive with
conventional forms of energy. Power system deregulation has
opened opportunities for many private energy producers.
Wind energy is a potential choice for smaller energy
producers due to relatively short installation times, easy
operating procedures, and different available incentives for
investment in wind energy [7].
III. NEED OF HYBRIDIZATION
As the non renewable sources of energy are going to exhaust
in the nearby future so there is a necessity to preserve the
sources of energy and should invent the alternative to save this
energy. As this non renewable form of energy is energy is sun
energy so we should use solar energy. This method of
sourcing can be very well adapted in villages where till now in
some areas electricity is not available. So the solar energy and
wind energy there can be used for various household
purposes, street lightning. This saves non renewable like coal.
So in this way, the hybridization purpose is very well
achieved and proves efficient. So the hybridization technique
is a need for now days as well as for the upcoming days.
3. IV. SYSTEM DESIGN
The system was designed by calculating monthly demand of
electrical energy required by a small remote area as well as
power output of the different solar PV-wind turbine generator
combinations. Following points were taken into account in
system design [2, 3]:
The power generated from PV, wind generator and biomass
combination has to meet the total load of the system.
Short term electrical power storage using lead-acid batteries
is considered. The size of battery bank is worked out to
substitute the PV array during cloudy and no-sun days.
Life time of battery bank is considered to be 5 years. This
point is important when estimating the capital costs.
The storage battery bank will be able to supply power
during a maximum of 5 days on no-sun days.
The AC power from the inverter of the system is fed to the
distribution network of the community
A. MODELING OF PV , WINDMILL AND BIOMASS:
A1. PV System: In order to efficiently and economically
utilize the renewable energy resources, one optimum match
design sizing method is necessary. The sizing optimization
method can help to guarantee the lowest investment with
adequate and full use of the solar system, wind system,
biomass system and battery bank, so that the hybrid system
can work at optimum conditions in terms of investment and
system power reliability requirement [7]. Various
optimization techniques such as the probabilistic approach,
graphical construction method and iterative technique have
been recommended by researchers.
Power output from PV array: For design of a PV system, we
should know how much solar energy is received at the
concern place. It is effected by sun position, could covering
atmospheric affect, and the angle at which the collector is
placed, called tilt angle „β‟. Normally this angle is equal to
the latitude of the concern place. The related equation for
estimation of the radiation is listed below:
1. Isolation I = Io {cos ϕ cos δ cos ω + sin ϕ sin δ} kW/m2 2.
Io = Isc [1 + 0.033 cos (360N/365)] where Isc solar constant.
=1.37 kW/m2
3. HoA = energy falling on t
3. Ho = ∫i dt ωsr = hour angle when sun rising
Ωss= hour angle when sun setting = (24/π) Isc [1+ 0.033 cos
(360N/365)] {cos ϕ cos δ cos ω + sin ϕ sin δ} kWh/m2
/day he
concern place considering atmospheric effect = KT Ho
kWh/m2/day where KT dearness index
4. HoA = energy falling on the concern place considering
atmospheric effect = KT Ho kWh/m2/day where KT dearness
index
5. KT = A1 + A2 sin (t) + A3 sin (2t) + A4sin (3t) +A5 cos (t)
+A6 cos (2t) +A7 cos (3t) t = (2π/365) (N-80) N= 1 for Jan 1st
Wpeak = {1/ hpeak}[(WH ((load) * No. of no sun days / (ηb *
no of discharging. Days)) + Whload (day) + Whload (night)/ ηb)]
Where: ηb = battery efficiency hpeak = no of hours for which
peak insolation falls on the PV cell.
A2. Biomass: Manure output from livestock in a year
will be calculated as follows:
Where,
M- Livestock (animals and crops residues) manure
produced in remote area, t.
n- average number of livestock present year-round within
it group of livestock
Ni- Number of specified groups of livestock
population in remote area,
mi- manure produced per one head in a year in the it group of
livestock, t,
Biogas production from manure potential was calculated as
the sum of biogas volumes obtainable from manure produced
by animals and crop residues in that area:
Where,
VB- biogas volume, potentially obtainable from
manure biomass in parish (municipality, region) in a year, m3
,
KDMi- dry matter content in manure produced by ith
group of
animals
KOmi- organic matter content in dry matter of manure
produced by ith
group of animals
VOmi- specific biogas output from manure organic matter for
ith
group of animals
Energy of biogas obtainable from manure biomass in
municipality (region) was calculated as follows:
Where,
EB- energy potential obtainable from biogas produced from
manure, kWh
ebi- specific heat energy content of biogas obtained from
manure produced by ith
group of animals, kwh/m3
[3,10].
A3. Wind Speed :
A good expression that is often recommended to
model the behavior of the wind speed is Weibull PDF
(Probability Density Function), as shown next
- (1).
Where „k’ is shape index that is adjusted to match the wind
speed profile of a site which is under study. While c is the
scale index that is calculated based on the annual mean wind
speed that is not constant from one year to another. This
means that these two factors are calculated based on data that
exhibit great mount of uncertainty.
4. V. DEMONSTRAION OF THE SYSTEM
A. Photovoltaic System:
The photovoltaic system consist of a solar panel , dual axis
solar tracking system, MPPT(Maximum Power Point
Tracking) based solar charge controller and a battery unit.
Solar tracking system and solar panel are placed together on
roof top of the plant. as soon as sun rays falls on the solar
panel, solar energy from sun is converted into electrical
energy. The functioning of the the solar tracking system is to
track the position of the sun and based on it adjust the position
of the solar panel to extract maximum amount of energy from
the sun. The MPPT(Maximum Power Point Tracking) system
is linked with solar panel to charge the battery unit (a) which
is linked up with the other batteries.
B.. Windmill System:
In windmill system, the windmill is designed with wind
turbine , blades, yokes ,etc. The windmill consist of
asynchronous generator which is mechanically coupled with
wind turbine. The output of generator is connected with a
voltage regulator/stabilizer circuit.The voltage stabilizer
circuit is connected with the rectifier circuit which converts
the ac source into dc source. again the dc source is is stored in
the battery storage unit (b) for further processing.
C. Biogas System:
fig 4
Biogas is produced from biomass. The working of Biogas
system is shown in above figure. At first the biogas from
biomass is induced into combustion chamber. The combustion
chamber is linked with steam boiler so as the biogas is burnt
out the water which is pumped inside the boiler gets boiled
and produces steam. Then the steam is fed into steam turbine
which is mechanically coupled with synchronous generator.
the generator converts mechanical energy into electrical
energy. The electrical energy so produced is an AC source.
So the AC source is Converted into Dc source using rectifier.
The DC source as an output from the rectifier is stored in
battery unit(c).In this way all the energy from 3 different
sources are accumulated in batteries and depending upon the
load they can be utilized.
D. Direct Current Control Unit:
Before the dc output is fed into inverter it passes through DC
control Unit. In this unit , all the battery unit are connected
parallel to a common dc Bus Bar. This is so done because
1. load is shared equally among the battery units. No
Imbalance load sharing.
2. If one of the system gats fails or stops due to
maintenance, the other two source would remain in
operation without harming the system.
As the load is shared, some amount of energy is supplied to
combustion system of biogas plant and also solar tracking
system in pv plant. as here the process is done, the electrical
energy is processed for conversion from dc source to ac
source through a 3 Phase Inverter.
E.. Three-phase inverters
Three Phase Inveter are used for variable-frequency drive
applications and for high power applications such as HVDC
power transmission. A basic three-phase inverter consists of
three single-phase inverter switches each connected to one of
the three load terminals. For the most basic control scheme,
the operation of the three switches is coordinated so that one
switch operates at each 60 degree point of the fundamental
output waveform. This creates a line-to-line output waveform
that has six steps. The six-step waveform has a zero-voltage
step between the positive and negative sections of the square-
wave such that the harmonics that are multiples of three are
eliminated as described above. When carrier-
based PWM techniques are applied to six-step waveforms, the
basic overall shape, or envelope, of the waveform is retained
so that the 3rd harmonic and its multiples are cancelled.
3-phase inverter switching circuit showing 6-step switching
sequence and waveform of voltage between terminals A and C
(23-2 states). when from inverter we get the output is fed to ac
bus bar which goes to Control Station.
The control Station consist of transformers and switch gears
and other controlling device which controls the flow of power
through the transmission. The control bus keeps a spying eye
on the transmission lines for smooth functioning of the
system. In this way the entire RPSAS system works . the
system is easy to setup and highly beneficial in remote
location s of the world.
5. Fig 5 : Complete Block Diagram Of RPSAS System
VI. INVESTIGATION REPORT:
The “fig.6 and 7” shows the daily and yearly load curve of the consumer
.
6. Fig. 8: Solar yearly radiation
Similarly wind speed resources is shown in the fig 9
Fig. 9: Wind speed resources
Fig. 10: Cost analysis of total hybrid system
Fig. 11: Cash flow summary of total system
Fig : 10& 11 explain total cost analysis and cash flow of entire system
Fig. 12 : Yearly share of PV-Wind –Biomass
VII. APPLICATIONS
The standalone system can be used, since it
can be deployed anywhere with minimum space
utilization. The capacity of standalone system ranges
from 500VA to 10 KVA.
For large scale commercial and industrial
applications, separately mounted wind turbine and
solar panels are used to engineer the required
capacity requirements can be accommodated.
Typical applications include:
1. Hotels
2. Business (Institutions and Government)
3. Large Estate Houses
4. Factories and manufacturing facilities
5. Commercial Power generation
6. Street lighting
VIII. ADVANTAGES
As the technology of solar collectors and
small wind turbine generators has advanced in past
decades, so has the industry in terms of efficiency in
manufacturing and fabrication technologies, as well
as direct labour cost.
1. Very high reliability (combines wind power, and
solar power)
2. Long term Sustainability
3. High energy output (since both are complimentary to
each other)
4. Cost saving (only one time investment)
5. Low maintenance cost (there is nothing to replace)
Long term warranty
6. No pollution, no noise, and deadly against
environment pollution
7. Clean and pure energy
8. Provides un-interrupted power supply to the
equipment
9. Provide clean, green, reliable, pollution free, low
emission and distributed technology power
10. The system gives quality power out-put DC to charge
directly the storage battery or provide AC.
11. The system can be designed for both off-grid and on
grid applications.
12. Efficient and easy installation, longer life
IX. DISADVANTAGES
The disadvantages of power generation by
solar-wind are as follows :
1. Large number of harmonics is produced.
2. Initial investment is more.
3. Large space is required for larger generations
4. Wind energy systems are noisy in operation.
5. large unit can be heard many kilometers away.
6. Efficiency is less than conventional power
plants.
X. CONCLUSION:
In this paper the analysis has been given for
systematic procedure towards to plan a PV-Biomass based
hybrid system and its Economic analysis including calculation
of percentage savings, payback period analysis. It will give
the complete solution to remote areas which are not accessible
7. to the grid. Initially these schemes may be costly but, the
frequent usage of such schemes and wide acceptance of the
technology can able to decrease the cost of such schemes.
X. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I thank Department of Electrical and electronics
engineering of SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY(autonomous) for
providing me a platform to implement my idea.
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