The document outlines an automatic room lighting system designed to conserve energy by using PIR sensors to detect human presence and control lighting accordingly. It details the components used, including Arduino Uno and a relay module, as well as the methodology and working principles of the system, which adjusts lighting based on occupancy. Applications of the project include use in homes, classrooms, and public spaces to manage lighting and monitor visitor counts.

1. BY- AAYUSH
SHARMA
AUTOMATIC ROOM
LIGHTING SYSTEM

2. CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. COMPONENTS USED
3. OBJECTIVE
4. METHODOLOGY
5. WORKING
6. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
7. APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT
8. CONCLUSION

3.  INTRODUCTION
 Saving power is very important, instead of using energy at unnecessary times it should be
turned off. In any city “VOCABULARY LIGHT” is one of the biggest and most powerful. Most of
the time we see street lights on or off, thus wasting a lot of energy. Here we avoid the problem
of having a default system.
 Our project is to control the automatic switching of Street Lights. PIRs will detect movement and
light will flash with greater force .Intelligent Energy Saving System, the purpose of the project is
to save energy. In this project we use a variety of sensors, controls and displays.
 However, in this project work to process the basic signal of various parameters which is the
temperature range, LDR, the smoke sensor. To measure the values of different parameters,
different sensors are used and the output of these sensors is adjusted to control the
parameters.
 The control circuit is designed using a small controller. The results of all three parameters are
given by a small control. The output of the small controller is used to drive the LCD display, so
that the value of each parameter can be displayed. In addition to the LCD display the output of a
small controller is used to drive the relay independently.
 This relay transmission empowers and automatically shuts off depending on the state of the
parameter.

4.  COMPONENTS USED
1. Arduino UNO
2. PIR Sensor
3. 5V Relay Module (Relay Board)
4. LED
5. 100Ω Resistor (1/4 Watt)
6. Connecting Wires
7. Power Supply
8. Breadboard

5.  ARDUINO UNO & PIR SENSOR
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform
based on easy-to-use hardware and software.
Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on
a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter
message - and turn it into an output - activating a
motor, turning on an LED, publishing something
online.
PIR sensors allow you to sense motion,
almost always used to detect whether a
human has moved in or out of the sensors
range.

6.  5V RELAY MODULE & BREADBOARD
A power relay module is an electrical switch
that is operated by an electromagnet. The
electromagnet is activated by a separate
low-power signal from a micro controller.
When activated, the electromagnet pulls to
either open or close an electrical circuit.
A breadboard is a construction base used to
build semi-permanent prototypes of
electronic circuits.

7.  OBJECTIVE
 This system is designed to switch the home appliances (room lights in this case)
on when a person enters in and leaves out of his room.
 The system also counts the number of persons entering and leaving the room
and displays that information on LCD display.
 The ultimate objective of this system is to save the energy as well as to design
automatic room light controller by turning off all the appliances when nobody is
there in the home.
 This system possesses two sets of IR LED and IR sensors to detect the persons
entering and leaving the room.

8.  METHODOLOGY
 Arduino is a microcontroller which provides open source platform to perform software
and hardware operations. This is an advantageous project as Arduino Uno and PIR
Sensor is used thereby lights in the room will turn ON automatically by detecting a
human motion and stay turned ON as long as the person remain present in the room.
 At the beginning, when no human is present in the room, the PIR Sensor’s OUT pin is
in the LOW mode. Hence, light of the room is OFF. The output of the PIR Sensor goes
HIGH as the person enters the room. PIR Sensor detects the Infrared (IR) radiation in
the room. The Digital pin 8 of Arduino Uno is used to connect the Data OUT pin of PIR
Sensor. When this becomes HIGH, the activation of relay takes place by Arduino Uno.
 So that relay pin is in the LOW mode; because relay is an active LOW device. Now, the
lights will turn ON. This light maintains its state as ON as far as there is motion in the
room. If the person exits the room or takes a nap, the motion in front of sensor stops
and there will be no changes in the IR radiations.
 Therefore, Data OUTpin of PIR sensor will be in LOW mode. This leads to turn OFF the
relay. So, relay now is in the HIGH mode. Hence, room light will be turned OFF.

9.  WORKING
 In this project, an automatic room lighting system is developed using 8051 microcontroller. The working of
the project is explained here.The main component of the project is IR Sensor and we have used two of
them. The placement of the sensors is important as it will determine the functioning of the
project.Practically speaking, both the sensors must be placed on the either side of the door or entrance of
the room.
 The sensor placed on the outside of the room is named as Sensor 1 and the sensor, which is placed on the
inside is named Sensor 2.When a person tries to enter the room, Sensor 1 detects the person first and then
Sensor 2. This action will indicate the 8051 Microcontroller that the person is entering the room.
 Hence, the microcontroller will turn on the light and also increments the visitor counter to 1. If there are
more visitor, the microcontroller will keep the light turned on and increments the visitor counter
accordingly. When a person tries to leave the room, Sensor 2 detects the person first and then Sensor 1.
 This process will make the microcontroller to understand that a person is trying to leave the room and
hence, it will decrement the count of visitors. The microcontroller will not turn off the light until the last
person has left the room.
 As the visitors start leaving the room, the visitor count will be decremented and when the last person leaves
the room, the count be comes 0. During this point, the microcontroller understands that there is nobody in
the room and turns OFF the light.

10.  CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 PIR Sensor’s Data OUT Pin is connected to
Arduino’s Digital I/O Pin 8. An LED is
connected to pin 13 of Arduino to indicate
whether the light is turned ON or OFF.
 The IN1 pin of the Relay Module is
connected to Pin 9 of Arduino. A bulb is
connected to mains supply through relay.
One terminal of the bulb is connected to
one wire of the mains supply.
 The other terminal of the bulb is
connected to the NO (Normally Open)
contact of the Relay Module.COM
(Common) contact of the Relay is
connected to the other wire of the mains
supply. Be careful when connecting this
part of the project.

11.  APPLICATION OF PROJECT
 Digital Visitor Counter can be used in various rooms like seminar hall,
conference hall where the capacity of the room is limited and should not be
exceeded.
 The project will display an actual number of persons inside the room.“Automatic
Room light Controller with Visitor Counter” can be used in classrooms, study
rooms in colleges.
 Automatic Room light Controller project can also be used in our home because
many times we come out of our bedroom or any other room and we forgot to
turn off the room light.
 The Bidirectional person counter project can be used in Cinema halls, multiplex,
malls as well as in temples to count the number of a person entering inside. So
that these places should not get overcrowded to avoid congestion.

12.  CONCLUSION
 The Presentation introduced the concept of automatic housing and
suggested a way to save energy on the system.
 This is an automated gadget control system with connections
between home appliances and sensor control and monitoring
device. An automated home is a great system with many
technologies and applications that can be used to provide easy home
control and security.
 FUTURE ACTIVITY There are many technologies that can be used in
automated lighting systems to make the system more accurate.
Creating a more sophisticated GSM (Global System for Mobile)
module can be used to receive notifications.
 There are certain sensors that can be used to control and protect the
home. For example, a pressure sensor is used to determine the
location to be placed outside a door. Image processing can also be
used to determine a person's presence using a digital camera.