This document presents a smart door system that uses a passive infrared (PIR) sensor to automatically open and close doors. The system includes a microcontroller, PIR sensor, relay driver, voltage regulator, relay, and other components. When a person is detected near the door by the PIR sensor, the microcontroller signals the relay driver to open the door. The door automatically closes after a set time delay if no further movement is detected. Automatic doors provide benefits for disabled individuals and help improve safety and efficiency in places like hospitals, warehouses, and commercial buildings.

1. Presented By:
Mahesh Patil Guided by:- Mrs. Rashmi singh
Shivnaresh Likhar Technical guide:- Mr. Imran baig

2. Contents
1. Problem description Introduction
2. Introduction
3. Block diagram
4. Working principle
5. Components List
6. Software requirement
7. Hardware implementation
8. Flow chart
9. How do Smart doors work?
10.Advantages
11.Limitations
12.Further Improvements
13.References

3. Problem Description
 Opening and closing of doors is always a tedious job, especially in
places like shopping malls, hotels and theatres where a person is
always required to open the door for visitors.
 For people in wheelchairs (disabled persons), it is very difficult to
open the door.

4. Introduction
 Smart door system provides advance automation for owners. You
must have seen automatic door openers in shopping malls, theatres
and commercial buildings. These systems are used to open the door
when a person comes near to the entrance of the door and close it
after entered into the door.
 This project proposes a system of automatic opening and closing of
door by sensing any body movement near the door. This is achieved
with the help of a PIR (Passive Infrared) sensor.

5. Block Diagram
POWER SUPPLY

6. Working principle
 Smart door project system work on the principle of motion detector,
here in this project Passive Infrared sensor used as motion detecting
component.
 A motion detector is a device that detects moving objects,
particularly people.
 Passive infrared sensors are sensitive to a person's skin temperature
or heat. they detect the infrared radiation emitted from person.
 A motion detector is often integrated as a component of a system
that automatically performs a task or alerts a user of motion in an
area.

7. Components List
1. Microcontroller (Atmega328)
2. Passive Infrared Sensor
3. Relay Driver IC(ULN2003A)
4. Crystal Oscillator
5. Voltage Regulator IC(7805)
6. SPDT Relay
7. Bridge Rectitfier
8. Resistor and Capacitor
9. 12 Volt Adapter

8. 1.) ATMEGA328 Microcontroller
 The ATmega328 is a single chip microcontroller created by Atmel in
the megaAVR family.

9. Specification:
 The Atmel 8-bit AVR RISC-based microcontroller combines
32 kB ISP flash memory with read write capabilities, 1KB
EEPROM, 2 Kb SRAM, 23 general purpose I/O lines, 32 general
purpose working registers
 The device operates between 1.8-5.5 volts. The device achieves
approaching 1 MIPS
 The ATmega328 is, low-powered and low-cost micro-controller

10. 2.) Passive Infrared Sensor
 A passive infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic sensor that
measures infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its field of
view.

11.  Infrared radiation enters through the front of the sensor, known as the
“sensor face”.
 Materials commonly used in PIR sensors include gallium
nitride (GaN), caesium nitrate (CsNO3), polyvinyl fluorides,
and cobalt phthalocyanine.
 Operating temperature: 0 to 50 °C
 Sensitivity range: up to 15-20 feet

12. 3.) ULN 2003A
 The ULN2003A is an array of seven NPN Darlington
transistors capable of 500mA, 50V output.

13.  The ULN2003 is known for its high-current, high-voltage capacity.
 Typical usage of the ULN2003A is in driver circuits for relays, lamp
and LED displays, stepper motor.

14. 4.) Crystal Oscillator
 A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit that uses a
mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material
to create an electrical signal with a very precise frequency.

15.  The most common type of piezoelectric resonator used is the quartz
crystal, so oscillator circuits designed around them became known as
“crystal oscillators”.
 Typical crystal oscillator frequencies range between 1.8 and 70 MHz.
 These quartz crystal oscillators are highly stable, consists of good
quality factor, they are small in size, and are very economical.

16. 5.) 7805 IC
 The 7805 is the most common voltage regulator.
 its regulated 5-volt supply provides a convenient power source.
.

17.  The LM7805 is a monolithic three 3-pin IC.
Pin 1 (Input Pin): The Input pin is the pin that accepts the incoming
DC voltage, which the voltage regulator will eventually regulate
down to 5 volts.
Pin 2 (Ground): Ground pin establishes the ground for the regulator.
Pin 3 (Output Pin): The Output pin is the regulated 5 volts DC.

18. 6.)SPDT Relay
 SPDT stand for Single Pole Double Throw.
 In this relay common terminal connects to either of two others.
Including two for the coil, such a relay has five terminals in total.
 The coil voltage on this relay is rated at 12VDC, and the load
current is rated up to 10A.
Features:
 12VDC SPDT Relay
 Rated up to 10A
 Fully Sealed

19. 7.) Bridge Rectifier:
A bridge rectifier is an
arrangement of four or
more diodes in a bridge
circuit configuration.
It is used for converting
an alternating current
(AC) input into a direct
current (DC) output.

20. Software Requirement
 EAGLE 7.5.0
EAGLE stands for, Easily Applicable Graphical Layout Editor.
EAGLE contains a schematic editor, for designing circuit
diagrams.
 Arduino 1.6.5
Arduino is a software company, project, and user community
that designs and manufactures computer open-source
hardware, open-source software, and microcontroller-based kits
for building digital devices

21. Hardware implementation
PCB Design Process
Layout
Attached
Etching
Drilling
Solder Plating
Components
Placing
Soldering
Path testing
PCB Testing

22. Layout Diagram

23. Schematic Diagram

24. Flow Chart
START
8MEGA328
MICROCONTROLLER
PIR
SENSOR
Bulb
I/P LOW
I/P HIGH
DOOR

25. How do Smart doors work?
 A live body generally emits infrared energy and when a body
approaches within the operating range of the PIR sensor. PIR sensor
the change in temperature to equivalent voltage and this signal is
called sensing signal.
 This sensing signal is fed to 8mega328 microcontroller by PIR
sensor and 8mega328 microcontroller sends a logical command to
motor driver IC for appropriate action.
 The door automatically closes with a fixed time delay. If there is no
further movement within the PIR operating range.

26. Advantages of smart door:
 For people in wheelchairs and other disabled individuals, automatic
doors are an immense boon, since conventional doors can be very
hard to work with. It may be impossible to open a conventional door
while seated in a wheelchair.
 In hospital and scientific labs, automatic doors can be used to secure
an area by ensuring that the door are shut at all times, while reducing
the risk of cross-contamination since people do not need to handle
the doors to pass through them.
 Automatic doors can also be useful in warehouses and other facilities
where people frequently have their hands full, contributing to safety
and efficiency by making it easier for people to get around.

27. Limitations
 The reliability of a motion sensor may also be affected by rapid
environmental changes and direct sunlight. Also, things like a
fireplace, and direct wind from an air conditioner or heater. This is
because a PIR sensor actually detects changes in infrared energy -
specifically, the "heat energy" emitted by normal human skin
temperature.
 PIR sensor is going to have trouble if you’re walking out to the pool
on a hot day, or back in from a snowball fight in a heavy winter coat.

28. Further Improvements
For an improved, effective system to be implemented and achieved,
the following suggestion should be considered for further work.
 A better sensor is recommended to achieve new functionality. For
instance, a suitable sensor such as microwave sensor, ultrasonic
sensor and radar sensor that could detect goods in any vehicle.
 To achieve full automation, a real time system should be employed
and a closed circuit television (CCTV) system provided for proper
monitoring and security purposes.
 The system can be later enhanced by integrating counter mechanism
or arrangement for keeping a record of entry and exit of people at
particular place.

29. References
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive_infrared_sensor
 http://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-projects/automatic-door-
opener-project-using Arduino
http://www.slideshare.net/indira_kundu/report-on-automatic-door
 http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x11fgbb_movement-sensed-
automatic-door-opening-system-engineering-projects_tech
 http://www.datasheetarchive.com/ULN2003%20features-
datasheet.html
 http://services.eng.uts.edu.au/pmcl/de/Downloads/Lecture04.pdf
 http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/Atmega328-
pinout.php
 https://www.parallax.com/sites/default/files/downloads/555-28027-
PIR-Sensor-Product-Guide-v2.3.pdf