A visual guide to major sites related to Human Evolution worldwide. For each site it indicates the hominid fossils found, species, age, pics of the fossil, the site and other illustrative pics.
More info at http://nutcrakerman.wordpress.com/2014/06/04/human-evolution-notes-from-the-field/
A visual guide to major sites related to Human Evolution worldwide. For each site it indicates the hominid fossils found, species, age, pics of the fossil, the site and other illustrative pics.
More info at http://nutcrakerman.wordpress.com/2014/06/04/human-evolution-notes-from-the-field/
Evolution is a process that results in changes that are passed on or inherited from generation, which help organisms survive, reproduce, and raise offspring. These changes become common throughout a population, leading to new species.
Biological evolution explains how all living things evolved from a single common ancestor, but any two species may be separated by millions or billions of years.
This species was bipedal, fully erect, and capable of grasping tools and weapons with its forearms. These fossil specimens have a larger brain size of 600 cubic centimeters (37 cubic inches), as well as a jaw and tooth size more akin to modern humans.
-Fossil skulls contain tangible evidence of unequal brain development, which is mirrored in the way stone tools were formed.
-The earliest of our ancestors to show a significant increase in brain size and also the first to be found associated with stone tools
Homo sapiens, (Latin: “wise man”) the species to which all modern human beings belong. Homo sapiens is one of several species grouped into the genus Homo, but it is the only one that is not extinct. See also human evolution.
Evolution, Primatology, Human Ancestry, Physical variationanimation0118
Anthropology
REFERENCES:
Ember, C. (2007). Anthropology. Singapore: Pearson Educational South Asia.
Ember, C., Ember, M., & Peregrine, P. (2009). Human evolution and culture: Highlights of anthropology. (6th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.
Ervin, A. (2005). Applied anthropology: Tools and perspectives for contemporary practice. Boston: Pearson.
Kottak, C. (2011). Anthropology: Appreciating cultural diversity. New York: Mc Graw-Hill.
Kottak, C. (2008). Anthropology: The explanation of human diversity. Boston: Mc Graw-Hill.
Launda, R. (2010). Core concepts in cultural anthropology. Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Nanda, S. (2007). Cultural anthropology. Belmont, California: Walsworth/Thomson Learning.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
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The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
2. • Human evolution: refers to the evolutionary
process leading up to the appearance of
modern humans.
• The study of human evolution involves many
scientific disciplines, including physical
anthropology, primatology, archaeology,
linguistics, embryology and genetics.
INTRODUCTION
3. • The species Homo sapiens is about 200,000
years old, which is very young, considering
that life has existed on Earth for at least 3.5
billion years.
• Derived from early Homonins (Homonids)
INTRODUCTION
4. • Human evolution is characterized by a number
of morphological, developmental,
physiological, and behavioural changes .
• The most significant of these adaptations
are
• 1. bipedalism (1.9 million years ago),
• 2. increased brain size,
• 3. lengthened ontogeny (gestation and
infancy),
• 4. decreased sexual dimorphism.
5. Characters that distinguish humans
from other apes:
• Upright posture and bipedal locomotion
• Larger brains
• Language capabilities and symbolic
thought
• The manufacture and use of complex
tools
• Shortened jaw
• Shorter digestive tract
6. The Earliest Hominins
• The study of human origins is known as
palaeoanthropology
• Hominins (formerly called hominids) are more
closely related to humans than to
chimpanzees
• Paleoanthropologists have discovered fossils
of about 20 species of extinct hominins
8. • Hominins originated in Africa about 6–7
million years ago.
• Early hominins had a small brain but probably
walked upright.
• Two common misconceptions about early
hominins:
–Thinking of them as chimpanzees
–Imagining human evolution as a ladder
leading directly to Homo sapiens
• We are taking a closer look to the Hominins
called Australopiths and Homo
9. AUSTRALOPITHS
• Australopiths are a paraphyletic assemblage
of hominins living between 4 and 2 million
years ago.
• Some species walked fully erect.
• “Robust” australopiths had sturdy skulls and
powerful jaws.
• “Gracile” australopiths were more slender and
had lighter jaws .
• Australopiths got their name from the 1924
discovery in South Africa of Australopithicus
africanus (“southern ape of Africa”)
10. AUSTRALOPITHICUS AFRICANUS
• Walked fully upright (Bipedal)
• Had humanlike hands and teeth.
• Had a brain 1/3 of present humans.
Mrs Ples” was an Australopithecus
africanus that lived more than 2-million
years ago in the Cradle of Humankind
11. AUSTRALOPITHICUS AFARENSIS
• Australopithecus afarensis skeleton was
discovered in Afar (Ethiopia) in 1974.
• It was 40% complete, 1m tall and named Lucy.
• In 1990 more A. afarensis fossils were discovered.
• It showed that they existed as a species for at least
1 million years.
• Brain size of chimpanzee.
• Longer lower jaw.
• Arms longer than humans – arboreal movement
12.
13. EVIDENCE OF TOOL USE
• The oldest evidence of tool use, cut marks on
animal bones, is 2.5 million years old
• These bones found in Ethiopia.
• The marks on bones suggested that Hominins cut
flesh from animals using stone tools.
• Stone tool use originated before the development
of large brains.
14. HOMININS: HOMO
• The earliest fossils placed in our genus Homo are
those of Homo habilis, ranging in age from about
2.4 to 1.6 million years
• Stone tools have been found with H. habilis,
giving this species its name, which means “handy
man”
15. • Homo ergaster was the first fully bipedal, large-
brained hominid
• The species existed between 1.9 and 1.5 million
years ago
• Homo ergaster shows a significant decrease in
sexual dimorphism (a size difference between
sexes) compared with its ancestors.
• Homo ergaster fossils were previously assigned to
Homo erectus; most paleoanthropologists now
recognize these as separate species.
• Homo erectus originated in Africa by 1.8 million
years ago
• It was the first hominin to leave Africa
18. Homo neanderthalensis
• Neanderthals, Homo neanderthalensis, lived in
Europe and the Near East from 200,000 to
28,000 years ago.
• They were thick-boned with a larger brain, they
buried their dead, and they made hunting tools.
19. HOMO SAPIENS
• Homo sapiens appeared in Africa by 195,000
years ago.
• All living humans are descended from these
African ancestors.
• The oldest fossils of Homo sapiens outside Africa
date back about 115,000 years and are from the
Middle East.
• In 2004, 18,000 year old fossils were found in
Indonesia, and a new small hominin was named:
Homo floresiensis
21. • Rapid expansion of our species may have been
preceded by changes to the brain that made
cognitive innovations possible.
• For example, the FOXP2 gene is essential for
human language, and underwent intense natural
selection during the last 200,000 years
• Homo sapiens were the first group to show
evidence of symbolic and sophisticated thought.
Art, a human
hallmark
23. SUMMERY OF OUR “ANCESTORS”
1. HOMO HABILIS ~ NICKNAME: Handyman LIVED: 2.4 to 1.6 million years
ago HABITAT: Tropical Africa DIET: Omnivorous – nuts, seeds, tubers, fruits,
some meat
2. HOMO SAPIEN ~ NICKNAME: Human LIVED: 200,000 years ago to present
HABITAT: All DIET: Omnivorous - meat, vegetables, tubers, nuts, pizza,
sushi
3. HOMO FLORESIENSIS ~ NICKNAME: Hobbit LIVED: 95,000 to 13,000 years
ago HABITAT: Flores, Indonesia (tropical) DIET: Omnivorous - meat
included pygmy stegodon, giant rat
4. HOMO ERECTUS ~ NICKNAME: Erectus LIVED: 1.8 million years to 100,000
years ago HABITAT: Tropical to temperate - Africa, Asia, Europe DIET:
Omnivorous - meat, tubers, fruits, nuts
5. PARANTHROPUS BOISEI ~ NICKNAME: Nutcracker man LIVED: 2.3 to 1.4
million years ago HABITAT: Tropical Africa DIET: Omnivorous - nuts, seeds,
leaves, tubers, fruits, maybe some meat
6. HOMO HEIDELBERGENSIS ~ NICKNAME: Goliath LIVED: 700,000 to
300,000 years ago HABITAT: Temperate and tropical, Africa and Europe
DIET: Omnivorous - meat, vegetables, tubers, nuts
7. HOMO NEANDERTHALENSIS ~ NICKNAME: Neanderthal LIVED: 250,000
to 30,000 years ago HABITAT: Europe and Western Asia DIET: Relied
heavily on meat, such as bison, deer and musk ox
