2. CHARLES DARWIN
• Published “ The Descent of Man,”
• Certain thoughts in some scholarly
circles that man is an animal.
3. Biological groups from the largest to the
smallest, to which man belongs are:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Class: Mammalia
Infraclass: Eutheria
Order: Primata
Suborder: Anthropoidea
Superfamily: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: Sapiens
4. As ANIMALS,
• Humans are composed of
interconnected cells, distinct from
plants and from singled-celled
organism.
5. As CHORDATES,
• Humans have dorsal nerve cord.
As VERTEBRATES,
• This cord is encased in a hard, bony
spine.
6. As MAMMALS,
• Humans are warm-blooded, feed its
young with milk from the female
mammary glands, that the body
more or less covered with hair.
7. As EUTHERIANS,
• As fully placental mammals, humans
bring young alive and fully formed,
however, in totally defenseless
condition.
8. As PRIMATES,
• Humans enjoy prehensile hands and
use for handling and has techniques
for getting and preparing food.
9. As ANTHROPOIDS,
• Humans move about on their legs
only.
• The head is more or less balanced
on the backbone.
• Walk bipedally.
10. As ANTHROPOIDS,
• Legs are longer than arms and
represent a larger portion of the
body weight; this change lowers the
body’s center of gravity and is
advantageous for bipedalism.
11. The Hypothesis of Evolution
• Men had been interested in fossils
• Differences in fossil remains
embedded in rocks
• Each species of plants and animals
had descended from earlier species.
13. Charles Darwin
• English scientist
• Interested in collecting birds,
insects, flowers and rocks.
• Spent almost 5 years of voyage in
collecting specimens from sea and
land.
14. • In South America, dug some fossil
bones
• No existing animals was exactly like
these fossils
• Resembled strikingly the living
armadillos of SA.
17. Evolution by Natural Selection
• What caused these changes in the
structures of different species?
• Read an essay” men increased
faster than food supply”
• Created a struggle for existence
18. • The struggle for existence
explained evolution
• Individuals born slightly different
from the rest
• Individuals that could make best use
of their environment would survive
19. • Survivors would evolve into new
species.
• 1859 published book “ On the Origin
of Species by Means of Natural
Selection”
• Later applied evolution by natural
selection to man
20. • Many parts of the human anatomy
suggested evolution from some
lower animal.
• “appendix”
• “ man is descended from some less
highly organized form”
21. • Higher forms of life evolved from
small “fish-like animals”
22. The Impact of Darwinism
• The publication of the “ The Origin
of Species” created a sensation.
• Some religious leaders became
horrified at the new doctrine.
23. • Contradict the story of creation in
the bible.
• Man’s fate depended on his ability
to survive.
• Men’s thinking “improving one’s mind
and body could bring peace and
prosperity”
24. • Helped direct attention to the past
as the origin of the present
• End of 19th century practically all
scientist accepted evolution
“ The Origin of Species”- a beginning
