The document discusses how to lead without formal authority by establishing clear goals, thinking systematically, learning as you go, engaging others, and providing feedback. It outlines five steps for effective leadership when not in a position of authority: 1) establish clear goals, 2) think systematically by gathering data and proposing action, 3) learn from experience through regular reviews, 4) engage all members by matching tasks to interests, and 5) provide appreciation and coaching through questions.