The urban development of Cardiff Bay underwent significant changes over the 20th century. In the 19th century, Cardiff Bay prospered as an industrial port due to its coal and iron resources. However, in the 20th century exports declined as overseas markets were lost in the wars and other countries produced steel cheaper. By the 1980s, the area was largely derelict with unemployment and empty buildings. To regenerate the area, the Cardiff Bay Development Corporation was created in 1987 and constructed a barrage to create a freshwater bay, attracting new housing, services, and tourism but flooding important tidal habitats.

1. CHANGES IN THE URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF THE CARDIFF BAY

2. CHANGE IN CARDIFF BAY 19 th Century Cardiff bay at one time was a prosperous city. In the 19 th Century it experienced growth due to the industrial revolution. In many places this was because there was coal and iron ore close by. Being a port gave Cardiff an extra advantage. Other materials could be imported and iron and Steel products exported. In the nineteenth century cities like Cardiff prospered and unemployment was rare. 20 th Century After reaching a peak of exports in 1913, Cardiff docks began to handle fewer materials and products. There were several reasons for this: overseas markets were lost during the two world wars other countries began to produce their own iron and steel often cheaper and thus reducing demand local coal and iron ore began to run out and became expensive to mine This decline continued until the mid 1980’s when there was mass unemployment and out-migration leaving a huge area of derelict land with empty houses and warehouses by the waterfront. To tackle these problems and regenerate the city, the Cardiff Bay Development Corporation (CBDC) was created in 1987. The single most important part of the development was the creation of the Cardiff Bay Barrage.

3. Cardiff Location Location Location Remember in an exam there is always a locational question at the start of a case study. Use compass directions and distances from other places

4. The Cardiff Bay Area.

5. Location of bay side development Cardiff Bay Barrage

10. The £197 million Barrage was essential to the development because Cardiff had a tidal range of 14m, one of the largest in the world. At low tide the Bay is inaccessible for up to fourteen hours a day. With the Barrage, the waterfront environment becomes a permanent feature and this will attract new housing and service developments. In use since November 1999, the Barrage holds back the river Taff and Ely to create a large fresh water bay of 200 hectares whose waves lap onto 5km of prime waterfront. It has however permanently flooded tidal saltwater mudflats – an area of international scientific interest for birds. Source: Cardiff Bay Development Corporation

12. Shade on your map the buildings highlighted. In which direction was this photo taken?

13. This is a luxury spa and 5 Star Hotel You can stay here whilst on Business or if you are in the city for a holiday break, eat in the excellent restaurants and be pampered with different massages and treatments in the relaxing spa. St David’s Hotel and Spa

15. Slide 8

16. Which groups of people are being targeted as potential buyers of these apartments?

17. WOW This URBAN REGENERATION SCHEME looks fantastic!!!! Do you think this Development has been a success?

18. Read through your mystery statements Cut them up and sort them into your own categories. Answer the question above and use your answer to help you complete the rest of your ‘The new Cardiff Bay’ worksheet also this will help you fill in the rest of your mind map. Be ready to feed back your theory to the rest of the group during the plenary. You have 15 minutes in which to complete this task. Do you think the Labour Government should have built the barrage?

19. The objections

21. Charles Secrett, Director of Friends of the Earth said: “ The Government's decision to complete the Cardiff Bay Barrage is environmental madness. Giving the green light after a secret review, with no public consultation, makes a mockery of Labour's claims to care for the environment and to value open Government. The hypocrisy of these three ministers is breathtaking after years of criticising the project in opposition and now destroying the type of internationally important habitat Labour pledged to protect at the Earth Summit just a fortnight ago. The whole set-up stinks.

22. Sian Best, Author of ‘A Whim Set in Concrete’ a chronicle of the campaign to stop the barrage: “ Cardiff now has a regenerated bay area with a magnificent new Millennium Centre, shops and restaurants and pubs as good as any, So, was our barrage really necessary? I think not. The development would still have succeeded against the backdrop of a living waterfront, of mudflats, wading birds and salt marsh, still open to the sea- even if it might not have been quite so profitable for ABP.” Source: Guardian 5 th January 2005

23. Case Study: Changes in a land-use or service Name a place you have studied where a land-use or a service has changed. Describe how the land-use or service has changed. Explain how the change affected different groups of people and the environment. [Total Marks 8/30]