concrete is widely used around the world. the consumption rate of cement of a country gives the development rate of the country. hence concrete is used in most of the construction works. concrete tends to crack when there is air voids etc. this ill further corrode the reinforcement and cause in destruction of the structure. bio concrete is a type of concrete hat will help in closing those cracks by itself.
concrete is widely used around the world. the consumption rate of cement of a country gives the development rate of the country. hence concrete is used in most of the construction works. concrete tends to crack when there is air voids etc. this ill further corrode the reinforcement and cause in destruction of the structure. bio concrete is a type of concrete hat will help in closing those cracks by itself.
Self healing concrete are those concrete which heals the crack itself .How the technology is changing the concrete Industry and how can we get the benefit is described here.
Formation of cracks in concrete is a common phenomenon that allows many chemicals, water to seep inside leading to decrease in durability, including progressive drop in concrete strength. The maintenance and repair of structural concrete is very complex phenomenon. Self-healing concrete, using bacteria at the time of mixing, is an impressive solution to overcome these kinds of adverse effects. It is an economical way is to prepare concrete of better quality. The study was carried out to investigate the concrete performance by adding bacteria “Bacillus subtilis”. This Self-Healing concrete is also known as as Bio-concrete. Bacteria was induced directly in the concrete mix along with calcium lactate i.e., an organic precursor producing calcium carbonate crystals that block cracks and pores in the concrete. Samples were made with different quantities of bacteria and results showed significant increase in compressive strength of concrete and decrease in permeability. The concrete micro-structure was observed under SEM which also confirmed the experimental results obtained.
Self-healing concrete is the special type of concrete invented by a group of microbiology researchers under the head of henk jonkers. Bio concrete is also called as BACTERIAL CONCRETE or self-healing concrete. Its specially made to increase the lifespan or the durability of concrete structure by the self-healing action of that concrete
The process of self-healing of cracks or self-filling up of cracks by the help of bacterial reaction in the concrete after hardening is known as Self-Healing Concrete. It can be observed that small cracks that occur in a structure of width in the range of 0.05 to 0.1mm gets completely sealed in repetitive dry and wet cycles.
what is polymer concrete, types, properties, material used in manufacturing process , manufacturing process, applications and their advantages. case study on polymer composite concrete.
Cracks in concrete are inevitable and are one of the inherent weaknesses of concrete. Water and other salts seep through these cracks, corrosion initiates, and thus reduces the life of concrete. So there was a need to develop an inherent biomaterial, a self - repairing material which can remediate the cracks and fissures in concrete. Bacterial concrete is a material, which can successfully remediate cracks in concrete. This technique is highly desirable because the mineral precipitation induced as a result of microbial activities is pollution free and natural. As the cell wall of bacteria is anionic, metal accumulation (calcite) on the surface of the wall is substantial, thus the entire cell becomes crystalline and they eventually plug the pores and cracks in concrete. This paper discusses the plugging of artificially cracked cement mortar using Bacillus Pasteurii bacteria combined with sand as a filling material in artificially made cuts in cement mortar which was cured in urea and Calcium chloride medium. The effect on the compressive strength and stiffness of the cement mortar cubes due to the mixing of bacteria is also discussed in this paper. It was found that use of bacteria improves the stiffness and compressive strength of concrete. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to document the role of bacteria in microbiologically induced mineral precipitation. Rod like impressions were found on the face of calcite crystals indicating the presence of bacteria in those places.
In this study, bacterial concrete is to be prepared under grade of concrete OPC 43.The design mix proportioning also carried under IS code provision. Testing of specimens are carried at 7 days ,14 days and 28 days of curing by Compression Testing Machine and Universal Testing Machine for corresponding specimens. The Compressive Strength and Flexural Strength of Bacterial Concrete are found.
Self healing concrete are those concrete which heals the crack itself .How the technology is changing the concrete Industry and how can we get the benefit is described here.
Formation of cracks in concrete is a common phenomenon that allows many chemicals, water to seep inside leading to decrease in durability, including progressive drop in concrete strength. The maintenance and repair of structural concrete is very complex phenomenon. Self-healing concrete, using bacteria at the time of mixing, is an impressive solution to overcome these kinds of adverse effects. It is an economical way is to prepare concrete of better quality. The study was carried out to investigate the concrete performance by adding bacteria “Bacillus subtilis”. This Self-Healing concrete is also known as as Bio-concrete. Bacteria was induced directly in the concrete mix along with calcium lactate i.e., an organic precursor producing calcium carbonate crystals that block cracks and pores in the concrete. Samples were made with different quantities of bacteria and results showed significant increase in compressive strength of concrete and decrease in permeability. The concrete micro-structure was observed under SEM which also confirmed the experimental results obtained.
Self-healing concrete is the special type of concrete invented by a group of microbiology researchers under the head of henk jonkers. Bio concrete is also called as BACTERIAL CONCRETE or self-healing concrete. Its specially made to increase the lifespan or the durability of concrete structure by the self-healing action of that concrete
The process of self-healing of cracks or self-filling up of cracks by the help of bacterial reaction in the concrete after hardening is known as Self-Healing Concrete. It can be observed that small cracks that occur in a structure of width in the range of 0.05 to 0.1mm gets completely sealed in repetitive dry and wet cycles.
what is polymer concrete, types, properties, material used in manufacturing process , manufacturing process, applications and their advantages. case study on polymer composite concrete.
Cracks in concrete are inevitable and are one of the inherent weaknesses of concrete. Water and other salts seep through these cracks, corrosion initiates, and thus reduces the life of concrete. So there was a need to develop an inherent biomaterial, a self - repairing material which can remediate the cracks and fissures in concrete. Bacterial concrete is a material, which can successfully remediate cracks in concrete. This technique is highly desirable because the mineral precipitation induced as a result of microbial activities is pollution free and natural. As the cell wall of bacteria is anionic, metal accumulation (calcite) on the surface of the wall is substantial, thus the entire cell becomes crystalline and they eventually plug the pores and cracks in concrete. This paper discusses the plugging of artificially cracked cement mortar using Bacillus Pasteurii bacteria combined with sand as a filling material in artificially made cuts in cement mortar which was cured in urea and Calcium chloride medium. The effect on the compressive strength and stiffness of the cement mortar cubes due to the mixing of bacteria is also discussed in this paper. It was found that use of bacteria improves the stiffness and compressive strength of concrete. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to document the role of bacteria in microbiologically induced mineral precipitation. Rod like impressions were found on the face of calcite crystals indicating the presence of bacteria in those places.
In this study, bacterial concrete is to be prepared under grade of concrete OPC 43.The design mix proportioning also carried under IS code provision. Testing of specimens are carried at 7 days ,14 days and 28 days of curing by Compression Testing Machine and Universal Testing Machine for corresponding specimens. The Compressive Strength and Flexural Strength of Bacterial Concrete are found.
The usage of cement has been increased
throughout the world which has severe effect on the
environment. replacement of cement in concrete is in very
much need, for which several materials came into existence
like flyash, silicafume GGBS and geopolymers etc.one such
material which will act as cementinious materials is used in
the study which will reduce cracks and fissures in concrete
by utilizing microbiologically induced calcite (CaCo3
)
precipitation called Bio Mineralization produced by Bacillus
subtilis in the presence of chemicals. In this project,
bacterial concrete is prepared under grade of concrete M25
and Natural fiber is added in total volume of concrete in
desired level which will cure the cracks automatically by
forming calcium carbonate precipitate as well as to achieve
more Compressive strength and Flexural strength. To avoid
corrosion, the bacterial concrete along with natural fibers is
used which results in self healing process.
In this study, the behavior of bacterial fibre
concrete was investigated experimentally. Various
parameters like compressive strength, flexural strength and
splitting tensile strength of specimens for bacterial fibres
concrete have been studied. Then these values for bacterial
and bacterial fibre concrete are compared with the
conventional concrete.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
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Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
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Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
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About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
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Self healing concrete
1. STUDIES ON SELF HEALING SUSTAINABLE
CONCRETE USING BACTERIAL CARBONATE
PRECIPITATE
Batch No 7 Guided by
Project Team Members Dr.S.Jayakumar
G.Bharanedharan-14TA0207 Prof. & Head(Civil
Department)
S.Logesh -14TA0225 SMVEC.
A.V.K.Nishok -14TA0232
R.Rajkumar -14TA0239
B.Tech IV year.
1
2. Contents
Introduction
Need for study
Objective
Scope
Critical Summary
Work methodology
Results
Conclusion
Reference slide
2
3. INTRODUCTION
Concrete is the most essential material used in Construction.
But it is weak in tension so it cracks due to sustained loads and also
due to various other reasons.
Therefore Bacterial induced Calcium Carbonate precipitation is
proposed as a environment friendly crack remediation and also
increases the compressive strength of the material.
3
4. NEED FOR STUDY
• Nowadays the most important technique used to seal cracks is
Epoxy injection, Dry packing, Stitching etc.
• But these methods especially Epoxy injection turned out to be
expensive and harmful to Environment.
• And these methods don’t work well on wet surfaces either.
• Hence using microorganisms may lead a path for efficient and
ecofriendly treatment of cracks.
4
5. OBJECTIVE
• To study the effectiveness of the bio deposition treatment on
Concrete using various microorganisms.
• To study the effects of microorganisms on compressive
strength of Concrete.
• To gain knowledge on efficiency of bacterial treatments.
5
6. SCOPE
6
• Since this method proved out to be Eco-friendly, it can bring a
wide revolution in the future.
• It prevents the cracks in concrete at early stage so this can be
used in large scale construction projects with increased
durability.
• Reduces the corrosion of steel and thus improves the
durability of steel reinforced concrete.
7. Critical Summary
Compressive strength increases and water absorption decreases
with increase in concentration of bacteria.
Thus durability of the concrete may increase.
This method is proved to be Eco-Friendly because the oxygen
is consumed by the bacteria to convert Calcium to
limestone,which prevent corrosion of steel due to cracks.
Geopolymer coating produced from metakoalin is required to
protect the encapsuled bacteria.
7
8. It also reduces the chloride transmission in concrete.
Light weight aggregate technique is efficient then other carrier
techniques at later stages.
Maximum compressive strength is attained at 10^5/ml
concentration of bacteria.
Decrease in permeability in case of autoclave bacteria.
Using carrier for protection of bacteria is efficient then direct
application of bacteria.
Flexural strength is increased by 1% incase of LWA technique.
8
11. Working Progress
Selection of Bacteria
There are various types of Bacteria can be used in concrete such as
B.subtilis,B.pasteurii,B.cohnii,B.licheniformis,etc.
Here in India we came across the availabity of B.subtilis,B.cohnii.
So we have selected B.subtilis and B.cohnii.
We have seleceted B.subtilis since this bacteria produces Calcium Carbonate.
This is formally known as Hay bacillus or grass bacillus and it is a gram positive
and catalane positive bacterium.
B.subtilis is a rod shaped bacteria and this form a tough, protective endo-spores,
allowing it to tollerate extreme environmental conditions.
11
12. Encapsulation method
By encapsulation method the bacteria and its food i.e. calcium lactate, are placed
inside treated clay pellets and concrete is prepared.
About 6% of the clay pellets are added for making bacterial concrete.
When concrete structures are made with bacterial concrete, when the crack
occurs in the structure and clay pellets are broken.
The bacteria germinate and eat down the calcium lactate and produce limestone,
which hardens and thus sealing the crack.
Minor cracks about 0.5mm width can be treated by using bacterial concrete.
12
14. Cultivation of Bacteria
Taxonomic designation - Bacillus cohnii(MCC2819)
Location - village: Lonar, state: Maharashtra, India
Growth conditions - 10ph / 28-30 degree C
Incubation(days/h) - 2d
Medium no. HK 34b: Nutrient Agar(NAS)/Broth(NBS) with Nacl (M1001/002)
14
NAS NAS NBS NBS
Peptone 5.0g Peptone 5.0g
Yeast Extract 1.5g Yeast Extract 1.5g
Meat Extract 1.5g Meat Extract 1.5g
Sodium Chloride 5.0g Sodium Chloride 5.0g
Distilled water 1000.0ml distilled water 1000.0ml
Agar 15.0g
15. MEDIUM NO.HK 34c: Alkaline Nutrient Agar/Broth with Nacl
After sterlization of medium no. 34b add sterile 1M Na-sesquicarbonate solution
(1ml in 10ml) to achieve a pH of 9.7
15
NaHCo3 4.2g
Na2Co3 anhydrous 5.3g
distilled water 100.0ml
16. Sample Specification
Cube Dimmension(mm)= 100X100X100
16
SL.
No.
Test to be
performed
CONTROL Bacillus
Subtilis
Bacillus
cohnii
No of
cubes
Compression Test 6 6 6 18
17. RESULTS
COMPRESSION STRENGTH(MPa) OF CONCRETE AFTER 7DAYS
17
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH(MPa) OF CONCRETE AFTER 7 DAYS
Type of concrete TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3
CONVENTIONAL 27.71 26.68 29.25
BACILLUS COHNII 26.67 27.93 26.57
BACILLUS SUBTILIS 19.93 19.80 19.38
30. Conclusion
Specimens incorporated with bacteria resulted in lower compressive strength at
early age of 7 days.
But at age of 28 days, the microbial induced bacteria showed a significant increase
in compressive strength then controlled specimens.
Concrete incorporated with bacillus subtilis results in higher compressive strength
then bacillus cohnii.
Specimens with bacillus subtilis showed 11℅ increase in compressive strength then
control.
Although both the bacteria resulted in self healing of cracks after 28 days of curing.
Thus bacillus subtilis turned out to be efficient then bacillus cohnii on all the
considered properties.
30
31. Reference
[1] Wasim Khaliq, Muhammad Basit Ehsan, Crack healin in concrete using
various bio influenced self-healing techniques, Construction and Building
Materials 102 (2016) 349–357
[2] Henk M. Jonkers, Arjan Thijssen, Gerard Muyzer, Oguzhan Copuroglu,
Erik Schlangen, Application of bacteria as self-healing agent for the
development of sustainable concrete, Ecological Engineering 36 (2010)
230–235.
[3] Mian Luo, Chun-xiang Qian, Rui-yang Li, Factors affecting crack
repairing capacity of bacteria-based self-healing concrete, Construction
and Building Materials 87 (2015) 1–7
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containing granules for use in self- healing concrete, Procedia
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[5]S.A. Abo-El-Enein , A.H. Ali b, Fatma N. Talkhan , H.A. Abdel- Gawwad ,
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properties of cement mortar, HBRC Journal (2013)9,36–40.
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33. [7]Mayur Shantilal Vekariya1, Prof. Jayeshkumar Pitroda, Bacterial Concrete: New
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concrete, ISSN: 2165-0373 (Print) 2165-0381.
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concrete incorporating non-ureolytic bacteria-based healing agent,
Cement and Concrete Research 64 (2014) 1–10
[13] J.Y. Wang a,b, H. Soens c, W. Verstraete b, N. De Belie, Self-healing
concrete by use of microencapsulated bacterial spores, Cement and
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[14] Peter Duxson, John L. Provis, Grant C. Lukey, Jannie S.J. van
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[15] H.K. Kim, S.J. Park, J.I. Han, H.K. Lee, Microbially mediated
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34
