This document discusses the development of self-healing sustainable concrete utilizing bacterial carbonate precipitation to repair cracks and enhance compressive strength. The study compares different bacteria, namely Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cohnii, and evaluates their effectiveness through various tests, showing improved durability and strength over conventional methods. The findings suggest that incorporating bacteria in concrete can provide an eco-friendly alternative for maintaining structural integrity in construction.

1. STUDIES ON SELF HEALING SUSTAINABLE
CONCRETE USING BACTERIAL CARBONATE
PRECIPITATE
Batch No 7 Guided by
Project Team Members Dr.S.Jayakumar
G.Bharanedharan-14TA0207 Prof. & Head(Civil
Department)
S.Logesh -14TA0225 SMVEC.
A.V.K.Nishok -14TA0232
R.Rajkumar -14TA0239
B.Tech IV year.
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2. Contents
 Introduction
 Need for study
 Objective
 Scope
 Critical Summary
 Work methodology
 Results
 Conclusion
 Reference slide
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3. INTRODUCTION
Concrete is the most essential material used in Construction.
But it is weak in tension so it cracks due to sustained loads and also
due to various other reasons.
Therefore Bacterial induced Calcium Carbonate precipitation is
proposed as a environment friendly crack remediation and also
increases the compressive strength of the material.
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4. NEED FOR STUDY
• Nowadays the most important technique used to seal cracks is
Epoxy injection, Dry packing, Stitching etc.
• But these methods especially Epoxy injection turned out to be
expensive and harmful to Environment.
• And these methods don’t work well on wet surfaces either.
• Hence using microorganisms may lead a path for efficient and
ecofriendly treatment of cracks.
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5. OBJECTIVE
• To study the effectiveness of the bio deposition treatment on
Concrete using various microorganisms.
• To study the effects of microorganisms on compressive
strength of Concrete.
• To gain knowledge on efficiency of bacterial treatments.
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6. SCOPE
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• Since this method proved out to be Eco-friendly, it can bring a
wide revolution in the future.
• It prevents the cracks in concrete at early stage so this can be
used in large scale construction projects with increased
durability.
• Reduces the corrosion of steel and thus improves the
durability of steel reinforced concrete.

7. Critical Summary
 Compressive strength increases and water absorption decreases
with increase in concentration of bacteria.
 Thus durability of the concrete may increase.
 This method is proved to be Eco-Friendly because the oxygen
is consumed by the bacteria to convert Calcium to
limestone,which prevent corrosion of steel due to cracks.
 Geopolymer coating produced from metakoalin is required to
protect the encapsuled bacteria.
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8.  It also reduces the chloride transmission in concrete.
 Light weight aggregate technique is efficient then other carrier
techniques at later stages.
 Maximum compressive strength is attained at 10^5/ml
concentration of bacteria.
 Decrease in permeability in case of autoclave bacteria.
 Using carrier for protection of bacteria is efficient then direct
application of bacteria.
 Flexural strength is increased by 1% incase of LWA technique.
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9. 9
Methodolgy
Materials
Collected
Bacteria
bacillus subtilis
bacillus cohnii
1.Cement
2.FA
3.CA
4.Calcium Lactate
5.Clay Pellets
Preliminary Tests
Initial and Final Seting time
of Cement
Specific Gravity FA &CA
Culturing of Bacteria
Preparation of Bacterial
Concrete
Encapsulation
method

10. 10
Compressive
strength analysis
Microstructure
(SEM)
Analysis
Major Tests
X Ray Diffraction
Analysis

11. Working Progress
Selection of Bacteria
There are various types of Bacteria can be used in concrete such as
B.subtilis,B.pasteurii,B.cohnii,B.licheniformis,etc.
Here in India we came across the availabity of B.subtilis,B.cohnii.
So we have selected B.subtilis and B.cohnii.
We have seleceted B.subtilis since this bacteria produces Calcium Carbonate.
This is formally known as Hay bacillus or grass bacillus and it is a gram positive
and catalane positive bacterium.
B.subtilis is a rod shaped bacteria and this form a tough, protective endo-spores,
allowing it to tollerate extreme environmental conditions.
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12. Encapsulation method
By encapsulation method the bacteria and its food i.e. calcium lactate, are placed
inside treated clay pellets and concrete is prepared.
About 6% of the clay pellets are added for making bacterial concrete.
When concrete structures are made with bacterial concrete, when the crack
occurs in the structure and clay pellets are broken.
The bacteria germinate and eat down the calcium lactate and produce limestone,
which hardens and thus sealing the crack.
Minor cracks about 0.5mm width can be treated by using bacterial concrete.
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13. Cultivation of Bacteria
Taxonomic designation - Bacillus Subtilis(MCC2511)
Location - village: Marnang leikai, state: Manipur, India
Growth conditions - 7.0ph / 42 degree C
Incubation(days/h) - 24h
Luria Bertani Agar(LBA)/Broth(LBB) Medium,Miller(M1151/M1245)
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LBA LBA LBB LBB
Casein enzymic
hydrolysate
10.0g Casein enzymic
hydrolysate
10.0g
Yeast Extract 5.0g Yeast Extract 5.0g
Sodium Chloride 10.0g Sodium Chloride 10g
Distilled water 1000.0ml distilled water 1000.0ml
Agar 15.0g

14. Cultivation of Bacteria
Taxonomic designation - Bacillus cohnii(MCC2819)
Location - village: Lonar, state: Maharashtra, India
Growth conditions - 10ph / 28-30 degree C
Incubation(days/h) - 2d
Medium no. HK 34b: Nutrient Agar(NAS)/Broth(NBS) with Nacl (M1001/002)
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NAS NAS NBS NBS
Peptone 5.0g Peptone 5.0g
Yeast Extract 1.5g Yeast Extract 1.5g
Meat Extract 1.5g Meat Extract 1.5g
Sodium Chloride 5.0g Sodium Chloride 5.0g
Distilled water 1000.0ml distilled water 1000.0ml
Agar 15.0g

15. MEDIUM NO.HK 34c: Alkaline Nutrient Agar/Broth with Nacl
After sterlization of medium no. 34b add sterile 1M Na-sesquicarbonate solution
(1ml in 10ml) to achieve a pH of 9.7
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NaHCo3 4.2g
Na2Co3 anhydrous 5.3g
distilled water 100.0ml

16. Sample Specification
Cube Dimmension(mm)= 100X100X100
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SL.
No.
Test to be
performed
CONTROL Bacillus
Subtilis
Bacillus
cohnii
No of
cubes
Compression Test 6 6 6 18

17. RESULTS
COMPRESSION STRENGTH(MPa) OF CONCRETE AFTER 7DAYS
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COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH(MPa) OF CONCRETE AFTER 7 DAYS
Type of concrete TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3
CONVENTIONAL 27.71 26.68 29.25
BACILLUS COHNII 26.67 27.93 26.57
BACILLUS SUBTILIS 19.93 19.80 19.38

18. 18

19. COMPRESSION STRENGTH(MPa) OF CONCRETE AFTER 28
DAYS
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Type of concrete TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3
CONVENTIONAL 46.28 41.34 41.20
BACILLUS COHNII 48.09 43.28 45.11
BACILLUS SUBTILIS 50.11 44.79 44.87

20. 20

21. SCANNED ELECTRON MICROSCOPE ANALYSIS
TEST(SEM)
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22. Sample 1a
 SIGNAL SEI
 ACCEL_VOLT 15
 WD 16
 SPOT_SIZE 50
 MAG 2500
 MICRON_MARKER 10ƒÊm
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23. Bacillus subtilis(1a)
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24. Sample 1b
 SIGNAL SEI
 ACCEL_VOLT 15
 WD 16
 SPOT_SIZE 50
 MAG 950
 MICRON_MARKER 20ƒÊm
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25. Bacillus subtilis(1b)
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26. Sample 2a
 SIGNAL SEI
 ACCEL_VOLT 15
 WD 17mm
 SPOT_SIZE 50
 MAG 1000
 MICRON_MARKER 10ƒÊm
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27. Bacillus cohnii(2a)
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28. Sample 2b
 SIGNAL SEI
 ACCEL_VOLT 15
 WD 17mm
 SPOT_SIZE 50
 MAG 2500
 MICRON_MARKER 10ƒÊm
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29. Bacillus cohnii(2b)
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30. Conclusion
 Specimens incorporated with bacteria resulted in lower compressive strength at
early age of 7 days.
 But at age of 28 days, the microbial induced bacteria showed a significant increase
in compressive strength then controlled specimens.
 Concrete incorporated with bacillus subtilis results in higher compressive strength
then bacillus cohnii.
 Specimens with bacillus subtilis showed 11℅ increase in compressive strength then
control.
 Although both the bacteria resulted in self healing of cracks after 28 days of curing.
 Thus bacillus subtilis turned out to be efficient then bacillus cohnii on all the
considered properties.
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35. ...Thank You...
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