This document provides an overview of a unit on rebranding places. It discusses what rebranding is, why places may need to rebrand due to economic, environmental or social issues, and different rebranding strategies. These strategies can involve re-imaging, re-imagining, and redevelopment to refresh identities, attract investment and encourage renewal. Fieldwork and research are important parts of understanding rebranding players and case studies in different locations.
The document discusses rural rebranding efforts in Cornwall, England. It notes the decline of rural services and seasonal economic challenges from industries like farming and fishing. Cornwall launched an economic diversification and rebranding campaign called Objective One in 1999 to attract new visitors, focus on strengths like the coast and food, and appeal to younger demographics. The campaign utilized EU funding that matched local and regional investments to boost projects like the Eden Project, films studios, and businesses. Overall it assessed the success of these efforts to strengthen and diversify Cornwall's rural economy through tourism and other industries.
CAMBRIDGE AS GEOGRAPHY REVISION: POPULATION - 4.4 THE MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL I...George Dumitrache
Population policies aim to influence population size, growth, distribution or composition through incentives or deterrents. China has operated the strictest population control policy since 1979 through its one-child policy, which aims to control natural increase. The one-child policy has been most effective in urban areas and has significantly reduced China's population growth, preventing over 300 million births. However, it has also led to negative social consequences like an aging population and skewed sex ratios with more boys than girls. While some praise its role in China's economic growth, many see it as a violation of civil liberties.
AS GEOGRAPHY REVISION - MIGRATION - 5.2 INTERNAL MIGRATIONGeorge Dumitrache
In 3 sentences:
Rural-urban and peripheral-core region migration are most common, though rural-rural migration occurs in developing nations for reasons like employment, family, and marriage. Migration between urban areas involves step migration up the hierarchy as migrants' knowledge and finances increase, alongside other urban-urban moves for education and jobs. Reasons for relocation can be viewed at macro, meso, and micro scales focusing on socioeconomics, origin/destination factors, and individual circumstances, respectively.
A2 Human Geography - Economic transitionnazeema khan
This document provides information about economic transitions and changes in employment structures in different countries and regions. It discusses:
- The primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary sectors and how employment has shifted away from primary and secondary towards tertiary and quaternary.
- How employment structures have changed in high-income countries (HICs) due to outsourcing and a shift to services, resulting in HICs being called post-industrial societies.
- Differences in employment structures between low-income countries (LICs), newly industrialized countries (NICs), and HICs, and how structures have changed over time.
CAMBRIDGE AS GEOGRAPHY REVISION: SETTLEMENTS - 6.3 THE CHANGING STRUCTURE OF ...George Dumitrache
A comprehensive presentation of subchapter 6.3 The Changing Structure of Urban Settlements, from the third chapter of Human Geography, AS Cambridge, Settlements.
A2 Geography Revision for Coastal Environments, subchapter 8.1 Waves Marine and Subaerial Processes. It is suitable for Year 13 Geography, Cambridge Examination in November 2016. It contains: key terms and definitions, a topic summary, sketches and descriptions, additional work (6 questions for testing your knowledge) and some suggested websites.
The document discusses rural rebranding efforts in Cornwall, England. It notes the decline of rural services and seasonal economic challenges from industries like farming and fishing. Cornwall launched an economic diversification and rebranding campaign called Objective One in 1999 to attract new visitors, focus on strengths like the coast and food, and appeal to younger demographics. The campaign utilized EU funding that matched local and regional investments to boost projects like the Eden Project, films studios, and businesses. Overall it assessed the success of these efforts to strengthen and diversify Cornwall's rural economy through tourism and other industries.
CAMBRIDGE AS GEOGRAPHY REVISION: POPULATION - 4.4 THE MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL I...George Dumitrache
Population policies aim to influence population size, growth, distribution or composition through incentives or deterrents. China has operated the strictest population control policy since 1979 through its one-child policy, which aims to control natural increase. The one-child policy has been most effective in urban areas and has significantly reduced China's population growth, preventing over 300 million births. However, it has also led to negative social consequences like an aging population and skewed sex ratios with more boys than girls. While some praise its role in China's economic growth, many see it as a violation of civil liberties.
AS GEOGRAPHY REVISION - MIGRATION - 5.2 INTERNAL MIGRATIONGeorge Dumitrache
In 3 sentences:
Rural-urban and peripheral-core region migration are most common, though rural-rural migration occurs in developing nations for reasons like employment, family, and marriage. Migration between urban areas involves step migration up the hierarchy as migrants' knowledge and finances increase, alongside other urban-urban moves for education and jobs. Reasons for relocation can be viewed at macro, meso, and micro scales focusing on socioeconomics, origin/destination factors, and individual circumstances, respectively.
A2 Human Geography - Economic transitionnazeema khan
This document provides information about economic transitions and changes in employment structures in different countries and regions. It discusses:
- The primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary sectors and how employment has shifted away from primary and secondary towards tertiary and quaternary.
- How employment structures have changed in high-income countries (HICs) due to outsourcing and a shift to services, resulting in HICs being called post-industrial societies.
- Differences in employment structures between low-income countries (LICs), newly industrialized countries (NICs), and HICs, and how structures have changed over time.
CAMBRIDGE AS GEOGRAPHY REVISION: SETTLEMENTS - 6.3 THE CHANGING STRUCTURE OF ...George Dumitrache
A comprehensive presentation of subchapter 6.3 The Changing Structure of Urban Settlements, from the third chapter of Human Geography, AS Cambridge, Settlements.
A2 Geography Revision for Coastal Environments, subchapter 8.1 Waves Marine and Subaerial Processes. It is suitable for Year 13 Geography, Cambridge Examination in November 2016. It contains: key terms and definitions, a topic summary, sketches and descriptions, additional work (6 questions for testing your knowledge) and some suggested websites.
CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY A2 REVISION - SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS. Presentation suitable for Cambridge A2 students. It contains: key terms and definitions, topic summary, additional work and suggested websites.
CAMBRIDGE AS GEOGRAPHY - CASE STUDY: ABERFAN MUDFLOWGeorge Dumitrache
(1) The document examines the 1966 mudflow disaster in Aberfan, Wales that was caused by the mismanagement of coal waste from nearby mines. (2) Over 100,000 cubic meters of saturated coal waste and debris engulfed parts of the village after heavy rainfall, including a local junior school where 116 children and 5 teachers were killed. (3) An official inquiry found the National Coal Board extremely negligent for irresponsibly dumping large amounts of coal waste on unstable hillsides near a populated area.
AS GEOGRAPHY REVISION - MIGRATION - 5.3 INTERNATIONAL MIGRATIONGeorge Dumitrache
This document discusses different types of international migration. It defines voluntary migration as migration by choice and forced migration as migration with little choice, such as refugees fleeing persecution. It describes source areas as regions where migrants originate and receiving areas as where they migrate to. Remittances refer to money migrants send back home. Diasporas are dispersed populations from a common origin. Racial assimilation involves integrating into the host community through economic, social, and political means. Ethnic villages show evidence of migrant groups through shops, places of worship, and other facilities. International migration has large impacts on both donor and receiving countries. Globalization has increased mobility and awareness of opportunities abroad. Forced migration, including internal displacement, involves millions of people annually
A comprehensive presentation about population, for the AS level, using all the important definitions necessary for the exam: distribution and density, population changes, population structure, models, trends in population growth, optimum, over and under population, theories relating to world population and food supply and the demographic transition model. Case studies: Kenya, USA, Denmark, China.
The document discusses various types and causes of human migration. It defines migration as the permanent movement of people across national or international borders. It then describes different types of migration like internal, international, chain, and relay migration. Forced migration types include refugees, internally displaced persons, and asylum seekers. Voluntary migration involves emigrants and immigrants. The document also examines push-pull factors, migration patterns and data, and the theories of migration proposed by scholars like Ravenstein, Lee, Todaro, and Stark.
CAMBRIDGE AS GEOGRAPHY - CASE STUDY: CHINA'S ONE CHILD POLICYGeorge Dumitrache
The one-child policy was introduced in China in 1979 to curb rapid population growth and prevent future shortages. The policy aimed to reduce China's population to 700 million by 2080 by limiting couples to only one child. It was enforced through incentives like education benefits for only children as well as punishments like fines for additional children. The policy was effective because of government influence over daily life. It led to a dramatic drop in birth rates, preventing 200-400 million births, and is expected to cause China's population to peak at 1.4 billion in 2030 and then decline.
AS GEOGRAPHY - ATMOSPHERE AND WEATHER - WEATHER PHENOMENAGeorge Dumitrache
Atmospheric stability refers to air that does not rise, which can lead to fog, mist or frost formation. Instability occurs when air rises, forming clouds and rain. Clouds are classified by form, height, and whether convection or fronts caused them. Convectional rainfall happens when warm land heats the air above, causing it to rise and condense. Frontal rainfall occurs at boundaries of warm and cold air masses. Orographic rainfall results when air is forced to rise over mountain barriers, cooling and condensing. Hail forms through a process of freezing and melting within cumulonimbus clouds. Dew and radiation fog form on clear nights through surface cooling and condensation. Advection fog
CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY A2 REVISION - ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: THE MANAGEMENT OF A DEGRADED ENVIRONMENT. Presentation suitable for Cambridge A2 students. It contains: key words and definitions, topic summary, additional work and suggested websites.
This document discusses sustainable energy supplies and trends in energy consumption. It notes that most global energy currently comes from non-renewable resources like coal, oil, and natural gas. These resources have disadvantages like air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and finite supplies. The document also discusses renewable energy sources like hydroelectric, wind, and solar power. It examines how factors like population, GDP, policies, and geography influence energy demand in different countries. High-income countries tend to rely more on oil and natural gas, while many low-income countries rely heavily on biomass. The document analyzes energy trends in major countries and regions. It provides examples of China's large-scale efforts to expand renewable energy and balance economic growth with environmental
CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY AS EXTRA REVISION - EXAM STYLE QUESTIONS 1 - HYDROLOGY AN...George Dumitrache
The document contains exam style questions on hydrology and fluvial geomorphology. Section A asks students to define the hydrological cycle, draw a diagram showing its stores and flows, and outline how human activities have modified it. Section B asks students to describe how rivers carry sediment loads, explain river erosion processes, illustrate how waterfalls and oxbows are formed with diagrams, and provide examples of how human activities increase flooding risks.
CAMBRIDGE AS GEOGRAPHY REVISION: SETTLEMENTS - 6.4 THE MANAGEMENT OF URBAN SE...George Dumitrache
A comprehensive presentation of subchapter 6.4 The Management of Urban Settlements, from the third chapter of Human Geography, AS Cambridge, Settlements.
A2 CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY: HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS - HAZARDS RESULTING FROM ATMOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES. It contain case studies: Hurricane Katrina 2005, Cloud Seeding in New Zealand 1950-1970.
AS Level Human Geography - Migration of Population Arm Punyathorn
This chapter has very recently been expanded from being a mere part of the population dynamic topic. A good call since migration has become a pretty big issue in the world today as population mobility has greatly increased in the 21st century.
AS Level Human Geography - Population DynamicsArm Punyathorn
In this chapter, you will learn about how the human population change over the centuries and why those changes occur. You will also discuss the arguments regarding population and resources - the ideas of Thomas Malthus and Ester Boserup.
Rebranding involves redeveloping and marketing places to give them a new identity to attract investors and visitors. It may include reimaging areas to counter negative perceptions by changing functions to retail, leisure and tourism. Regeneration is a long term process of reversing decline through social, economic and physical actions to create sustainable communities. From the 1970s, urban regeneration addressed problems of deindustrialization, unemployment and deprivation through government programs, but increasingly involves other agencies and community representation. Places now emphasize rebranding due to lack of benefits trickling down and increasing spatial differences within cities.
The document provides instructions for a geography assignment involving the rebranding of urban and rural areas. It includes 10 questions that require students to:
1) Study a figure showing data on rebranding areas and comment on aspects such as evidence for needed rebranding or limitations of data collection.
2) Describe the fieldwork and research methods they would use to investigate the need for or success of rebranding schemes in either urban or rural locations.
3) Examine through examples the role of different players or reasons for rebranding being sometimes unsuccessful.
CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY A2 REVISION - SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS. Presentation suitable for Cambridge A2 students. It contains: key terms and definitions, topic summary, additional work and suggested websites.
CAMBRIDGE AS GEOGRAPHY - CASE STUDY: ABERFAN MUDFLOWGeorge Dumitrache
(1) The document examines the 1966 mudflow disaster in Aberfan, Wales that was caused by the mismanagement of coal waste from nearby mines. (2) Over 100,000 cubic meters of saturated coal waste and debris engulfed parts of the village after heavy rainfall, including a local junior school where 116 children and 5 teachers were killed. (3) An official inquiry found the National Coal Board extremely negligent for irresponsibly dumping large amounts of coal waste on unstable hillsides near a populated area.
AS GEOGRAPHY REVISION - MIGRATION - 5.3 INTERNATIONAL MIGRATIONGeorge Dumitrache
This document discusses different types of international migration. It defines voluntary migration as migration by choice and forced migration as migration with little choice, such as refugees fleeing persecution. It describes source areas as regions where migrants originate and receiving areas as where they migrate to. Remittances refer to money migrants send back home. Diasporas are dispersed populations from a common origin. Racial assimilation involves integrating into the host community through economic, social, and political means. Ethnic villages show evidence of migrant groups through shops, places of worship, and other facilities. International migration has large impacts on both donor and receiving countries. Globalization has increased mobility and awareness of opportunities abroad. Forced migration, including internal displacement, involves millions of people annually
A comprehensive presentation about population, for the AS level, using all the important definitions necessary for the exam: distribution and density, population changes, population structure, models, trends in population growth, optimum, over and under population, theories relating to world population and food supply and the demographic transition model. Case studies: Kenya, USA, Denmark, China.
The document discusses various types and causes of human migration. It defines migration as the permanent movement of people across national or international borders. It then describes different types of migration like internal, international, chain, and relay migration. Forced migration types include refugees, internally displaced persons, and asylum seekers. Voluntary migration involves emigrants and immigrants. The document also examines push-pull factors, migration patterns and data, and the theories of migration proposed by scholars like Ravenstein, Lee, Todaro, and Stark.
CAMBRIDGE AS GEOGRAPHY - CASE STUDY: CHINA'S ONE CHILD POLICYGeorge Dumitrache
The one-child policy was introduced in China in 1979 to curb rapid population growth and prevent future shortages. The policy aimed to reduce China's population to 700 million by 2080 by limiting couples to only one child. It was enforced through incentives like education benefits for only children as well as punishments like fines for additional children. The policy was effective because of government influence over daily life. It led to a dramatic drop in birth rates, preventing 200-400 million births, and is expected to cause China's population to peak at 1.4 billion in 2030 and then decline.
AS GEOGRAPHY - ATMOSPHERE AND WEATHER - WEATHER PHENOMENAGeorge Dumitrache
Atmospheric stability refers to air that does not rise, which can lead to fog, mist or frost formation. Instability occurs when air rises, forming clouds and rain. Clouds are classified by form, height, and whether convection or fronts caused them. Convectional rainfall happens when warm land heats the air above, causing it to rise and condense. Frontal rainfall occurs at boundaries of warm and cold air masses. Orographic rainfall results when air is forced to rise over mountain barriers, cooling and condensing. Hail forms through a process of freezing and melting within cumulonimbus clouds. Dew and radiation fog form on clear nights through surface cooling and condensation. Advection fog
CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY A2 REVISION - ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: THE MANAGEMENT OF A DEGRADED ENVIRONMENT. Presentation suitable for Cambridge A2 students. It contains: key words and definitions, topic summary, additional work and suggested websites.
This document discusses sustainable energy supplies and trends in energy consumption. It notes that most global energy currently comes from non-renewable resources like coal, oil, and natural gas. These resources have disadvantages like air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and finite supplies. The document also discusses renewable energy sources like hydroelectric, wind, and solar power. It examines how factors like population, GDP, policies, and geography influence energy demand in different countries. High-income countries tend to rely more on oil and natural gas, while many low-income countries rely heavily on biomass. The document analyzes energy trends in major countries and regions. It provides examples of China's large-scale efforts to expand renewable energy and balance economic growth with environmental
CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY AS EXTRA REVISION - EXAM STYLE QUESTIONS 1 - HYDROLOGY AN...George Dumitrache
The document contains exam style questions on hydrology and fluvial geomorphology. Section A asks students to define the hydrological cycle, draw a diagram showing its stores and flows, and outline how human activities have modified it. Section B asks students to describe how rivers carry sediment loads, explain river erosion processes, illustrate how waterfalls and oxbows are formed with diagrams, and provide examples of how human activities increase flooding risks.
CAMBRIDGE AS GEOGRAPHY REVISION: SETTLEMENTS - 6.4 THE MANAGEMENT OF URBAN SE...George Dumitrache
A comprehensive presentation of subchapter 6.4 The Management of Urban Settlements, from the third chapter of Human Geography, AS Cambridge, Settlements.
A2 CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY: HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS - HAZARDS RESULTING FROM ATMOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES. It contain case studies: Hurricane Katrina 2005, Cloud Seeding in New Zealand 1950-1970.
AS Level Human Geography - Migration of Population Arm Punyathorn
This chapter has very recently been expanded from being a mere part of the population dynamic topic. A good call since migration has become a pretty big issue in the world today as population mobility has greatly increased in the 21st century.
AS Level Human Geography - Population DynamicsArm Punyathorn
In this chapter, you will learn about how the human population change over the centuries and why those changes occur. You will also discuss the arguments regarding population and resources - the ideas of Thomas Malthus and Ester Boserup.
Rebranding involves redeveloping and marketing places to give them a new identity to attract investors and visitors. It may include reimaging areas to counter negative perceptions by changing functions to retail, leisure and tourism. Regeneration is a long term process of reversing decline through social, economic and physical actions to create sustainable communities. From the 1970s, urban regeneration addressed problems of deindustrialization, unemployment and deprivation through government programs, but increasingly involves other agencies and community representation. Places now emphasize rebranding due to lack of benefits trickling down and increasing spatial differences within cities.
The document provides instructions for a geography assignment involving the rebranding of urban and rural areas. It includes 10 questions that require students to:
1) Study a figure showing data on rebranding areas and comment on aspects such as evidence for needed rebranding or limitations of data collection.
2) Describe the fieldwork and research methods they would use to investigate the need for or success of rebranding schemes in either urban or rural locations.
3) Examine through examples the role of different players or reasons for rebranding being sometimes unsuccessful.
The document summarizes the urbanization and development of Birmingham, England from 1731 to the late 20th century. It describes how Birmingham grew from a town of 20,000 people in 1731 focused on metalworking, to a city of 400,000 people by 1880 with a diverse industrial base. Throughout the 19th century, infrastructure like canals, railways, sewers and piped water allowed the population to expand rapidly. In the mid-20th century, suburban growth accelerated as new housing and road links developed, though inner city slums remained an issue until clearance projects in the 1950s.
Players such as investors, local councils, development agencies, and educational/environmental groups were involved in rebranding rural Cornwall and Uganda. In Cornwall, investors provided matching funds that were combined from various sources to finance projects like the Eden Project. However, some projects failed, such as the South West Film Studios which went bankrupt. In Uganda, Nokia partnered with banks and mobile providers to set up village phone programs to stimulate local business and reduce isolation, but phones have mostly been used for personal rather than business calls so far.
This document discusses various case studies of rural rebranding efforts:
1) National Forest in Great Britain was rebranded by planting millions of trees to attract tourism and make the area more sustainable.
2) Newstead Village was struggling after coal mine closure but won funds to build attractions like fishing lakes to employ youth and reduce crime.
3) Wirksworth in England rebranded through cultural festivals and events to attract artists and professionals and boost the local economy.
The document summarizes problems and solutions in Sheffield, England. Key problems included traffic congestion, lack of parking, declining retail, poverty, unemployment, and derelict housing and land especially in the inner city. Solutions involved demolishing old buildings, attracting new offices, improving parks, roads and public transport, regenerating areas, and creating new housing, jobs, and cultural/retail opportunities through large investments starting in the 2000s. The Sheffield Development Corporation helped clear derelict land and improve communities, though high rise housing caused further issues and unemployment remained high in some areas.
The document summarizes the redevelopment of Birmingham's city center, known as the CBD, focusing on the Bullring area. It describes how the CBD declined in the 1980s but has since undergone major redevelopment projects, including:
- Demolishing the old Bullring shopping center in 2000 and constructing a new $500 million center that opened in 2003.
- Restoring Moor Street train station to improve transportation access to the CBD.
- Developing other areas like The Mailbox and International Convention Centre to attract businesses and visitors.
- Building new luxury apartments to attract residents back to living in the city center.
The redevelopment aims to bring investment, jobs, and shoppers back to
The document discusses the need for rural and coastal areas to rebrand due to economic and social decline. It provides a model of tourism development that involves exploration, involvement, development, consolidation, and rejuvenation stages. Rural and coastal areas face challenges such as declining fishing industries, aging populations, lack of employment, and high housing costs that necessitate rebranding for economic growth in the 21st century.
The document discusses re-branding players and stakeholders in the re-branding process. It identifies stakeholders as individuals, groups, or organizations with an interest in a re-branding project. These stakeholders can be public, private, or government departments and agencies. The document asks who the players and stakeholders are in re-branding, why they may get involved, and outlines advantages and disadvantages of different approaches to managing re-branding such as top-down, bottom-up, and partnerships. It also asks about the importance of legacy in re-branding.
The document outlines an itinerary for a field study visit to Exeter, UK to examine various urban development projects. The itinerary includes visits to 6 areas of the city: Haven Banks, The Quay, Burnthouse Lane, Princesshay, High Street, and Sidwell Street. At each location, the study will assess environmental quality, document redevelopment efforts, and evaluate strategies for rebranding the built environment. Perceptions of the Princesshay redevelopment will also be analyzed through surveys.
Multiple deprivation refers to when different types of deprivation, such as lack of education, poor health, high crime levels, and high unemployment, occur together to measure an overall level of deprivation. The Index of Multiple Deprivation 2010 measures quality of life in England and Wales by scoring areas on 7 types of deprivation, with higher scores indicating more deprivation and lower quality of life. Income deprivation and employment deprivation make up nearly half the overall multiple deprivation score, suggesting they are the main causes of deprivation.
The document discusses urban regeneration as a tool for housing delivery in Nigeria. It outlines the concepts and types of regeneration, challenges of housing delivery in Nigeria including issues with land, finance, and previous housing policies. It provides examples of urban renewal programs in Lagos, challenges they face, and examples of regeneration programs in other countries. Regeneration can help address poverty, unemployment, infrastructure issues, and improve communities when implemented as a coordinated long-term economic, social and environmental intervention.
Love Thy Neighbor Mexico is a non-profit that educates teenagers about the consequences of drug demand from Mexico. It faces challenges with engagement and funding. The document discusses 4 strategic alternatives: A) Dear Mexico letter writing campaign, B) Starting a blog, C) Crowdsourcing product sales, and D) Grassroots volunteer advocacy. The conclusion recommends crowdsourcing advocacy by empowering volunteer leaders in local communities to spread localized content while following guidelines, applying for further funding once an activist base is established.
Context is more important than content for learningAJWebster
The demands of the 21st Century require a different approach from traditional education. In the current paradigm, CONTENT is king. Educators are often concerned with coverage of specific topics and attempts to measure the understanding of algorithms and the recall of facts. Rather than force-feeding everyone the same content, we should be creating CONTEXTS in which students have the opportunity to think, practice skills, take risks, and explore. Expect presentation, play, and discussion.
Nottingham has undertaken several urban rebranding efforts to change its image and regenerate parts of the city. These include rebranding the Lace Market area near the new tram stop through environmental improvements and attracting new commercial and residential developments. Another project, The Hub, aimed to rebrand the run-down railway station area through a £60 million investment that included refurbishing the station, improving retail, and regenerating surrounding land. A third rebranding involved transforming the old canal district through landscaping and developments like the contemporary art gallery that boosted local business and tourism.
Brighton grew as a coastal resort town due to its popularity as a tourist destination by the sea. The document aims to understand the factors contributing to Brighton's growth and analyze the impacts that tourism has had on the city.
This document discusses the factors that influence coastal environments for a geography course. It is divided into three sections: land-based factors, sea-based factors, and weather/climate factors. Some key land-based factors mentioned are geology/rock type, relief of the land, presence or lack of beaches, and river sediments deposited in deltas. Sea-based factors include coastal ecosystems, wave energy/direction, size/type of waves, and currents. Weather/climate factors include wind strength/direction, rainfall/temperature, and storm surges. Students are assigned homework to analyze photos of coastal areas and identify influencing factors.
This document provides an overview and guidance for students taking the 6GEO2 Unit 2 Geographical Investigations exam on crowded coasts. It outlines the key components of the exam including the requirement to study two of the four topic areas, with questions based on those topics. Fieldwork, research, and the inquiry process are emphasized. Guidance is provided on focusing answers for the question set, using resources effectively, and ensuring fieldwork is exam-ready. Potential exam questions are outlined relating crowded coasts topics like stakeholders, physical and human factors shaping coastlines, and increasing risks of coastal hazards.
Urban Deprivation In Ledcs (Less Econimally Developed Countries)Hunter Strike
Urban deprivation is a major problem in cities in LEDCs, as up to 50% of residents live in substandard housing or shantytowns. Many governments have attempted solutions with varying degrees of success, such as clearing shantytowns and building high-rise apartments, upgrading existing slums to provide basic services, and constructing new "site and services" housing schemes on the outskirts of cities. However, the most successful projects have involved self-help upgrading schemes that improve conditions while allowing residents to remain in their communities.
Measuring Culture Change: Understanding Cultural and Systems-change Dimension...Sustainable Brands
This document discusses measuring and transforming organizational culture. It begins by defining culture as the values, beliefs, and behaviors reflected by organizational leaders. Four dimensions of leadership/energy are identified: physical, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual.
Values are described as shorthand for individual and collective motivations. Both positive values like trust and potentially limiting values like power are discussed. Stages of personal and organizational leadership development moving from self to team to larger organization are presented.
The document then outlines tools for measuring and mapping organizational culture, including identifying the distribution of values across seven levels of consciousness from survival to service. Case studies apply these tools to analyze current and desired cultures. Finally, approaches for shifting culture through personal and systemic transformation are
Presentation on Conscious Travel to Ministry of Tourism, EcuadorAnna Pollock
Outlines the what, why and how of Conscious Travel as a movement, concept and collaborative learning and change agency. Presents the new "7 Ps" of an alternative tourism model to mass industrial tourism whose outcome of Plenty is achieved by a focus on People, Place, Purpose, Pull Marketing, Protection (resource conservation & rejuvenation) and Pace - the art of slow.
Reverse innovation, emerging market and global strategy v3Kurnia Rosyada
Reverse innovation is a new phenomenon where innovations are first adapted in poor, emerging countries and then diffuse to rich countries. The paper examines this phenomenon across four research areas: 1) the types of innovations emerging from developing countries and why they may spread globally, 2) how internationalization processes are changing, 3) how multinational enterprise strategies and management must adapt, and 4) the effects on foreign direct investment spillovers. The rise of emerging markets is challenging traditional views of innovation originating solely in wealthy nations.
1) The document discusses the fear factors involved in remote-based development projects when Western initiatives meet Eastern cultures.
2) It identifies the dominant fear as losing strategic control over core operations, products, talent, and intellectual property.
3) To handle the fear factor, the presentation recommends creating social awareness, effective retention strategies, understanding different business models, adequate planning, and ensuring information security.
1) The document discusses the fear factors involved in remote-based development projects when Western initiatives meet Eastern cultures.
2) It identifies the dominant fear as losing strategic control over core operations, products, talent, and intellectual property.
3) To handle the fear factor, the presentation recommends creating social awareness, effective retention strategies, understanding different business models, adequate planning, and ensuring information security.
Travel 2012 : anna pollock - conscious travelTravel 360°
This document discusses the emergence of a new model for sustainable travel and tourism. The current industrial tourism model is producing diminishing returns and is unsustainable given population growth, resource depletion, and climate change. A new alternative model is emerging based on conscious consumerism, collaboration, sharing value with local communities, and embracing technology to change mindsets. If deployed properly, technology can help tourism move towards a model focused on sense of place, engaging all participants, and adapting to manage demand sustainably.
One Cape 2040 The long-term vision and plan for Western Cape Draft 1Cape Town Partnership
The One Cape 2040 document provides a long-term vision and plan for the Western Cape region of South Africa through 2040. The plan outlines key transitions needed in areas like education, the economy, culture, settlements, and the environment. It identifies goals, interventions, and a step change path to transition the region from its current state to an inclusive, resilient, and competitive future state with higher employment, incomes, equality and quality of life by 2040. The plan also discusses funding and investment strategies, and roles for various stakeholders like government, private sector, labor, and communities to achieve this shared vision.
Building an Iconic Destination That Inspires and EnduresAnna Pollock
Shows how the three change drivers - technology, values and biophysical reality are inter weaving and necessitating a new approach to destination marketing and management. Hosts must wake up and become community change agents
This document discusses destination branding and reputation management. It defines destinations as both geo-political systems and socio-cultural constructions. Effective destination brands create unique experiences that emotionally bond with stakeholders and target markets. Building a strong brand provides value through a powerful identity. However, destination reputation is based on communication, evaluation, and distinction, not just marketing. The key challenges for reputation management are leadership, partnership, communication, and relevance.
Impact of LG Expatriate Managers_Facilitated Workshop PresentaionSachin Mathews
LG Electronics hired several expatriate managers from Western countries like Ireland and Switzerland to help globalize its operations and bring new skills and perspectives. However, the experiment failed after 3 years as the expatriate managers struggled to integrate into LG's strong Korean culture and Confucian values. Their approaches did not materialize the expected revenue surge. LG's culture emphasizes collective harmony, respect for authority, and relationship-building over individual goals, making it difficult for outsiders to operate effectively. The failure demonstrates the importance of cultural fit and developing global competencies when utilizing expatriate managers.
Catering to the Conscious Traveller - BuIlding Samoa Tourism TogetherAnna Pollock
The document summarizes a presentation on building conscious tourism in Samoa. It discusses the rise of conscious travelers who seek authentic, local, and immersive experiences. It analyzes Samoa's tourism situation, noting declining demand since 2008. Six areas for work are suggested: focusing on high yield visitors; collaboration across the tourism industry; acting responsibly environmentally; digital marketing; improving attractions and events; and service and training. The presentation provides recommendations like investing in culture/heritage attractions and using new media to attract conscious travelers.
Social Media as a Tool for Building an Alternative Economy in KRADD Communiti...Berea College
This invited presentation illustrates the value of small business digital marketing through a number of case studies executed over a five year period in the Kentucky River Area Development District (KRADD). The final case studies were developed after travels and observations of the HandMade in America trails in Western North Carolina to advance travel and tourism through a series of “persona travelers” based on Kentucky tourism research of how and where to spend 36 hours in the KRADD region. This presentation was for the KRADD monthly meeting on October 24th, 2012 in Whitesburg, KY.
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Unit 3 contested_planet_water_conflictsALawson1234
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1. 6GEO2 Unit 2 Geographical Investigations –
Student Guide: Rebranding
2. CONTENTS
1. Overview
2. Requirements of the specification
3. What is rebranding?
4. Rebranding strategies
5. Ideas for fieldwork
6. Following up the fieldwork
7. Making it work for the exam
Click on the information icon to jump to that section.
Click on the home button to return to this contents page
3. 1. Overview
• Unit 2 has four components, but you
are only required to study two of UNIT 2: The Paired
these. Options –you only
study one in each
• In the 75 minute exam you answer pair!
one question based on your two
chosen topic areas. This means there The ‘Physical’ Pair
is no choice. 1. Extreme
• This exam is designed to test both Weather
knowledge and understanding of 2. Crowded Coasts
geographical concepts as well as
geographical skills. The ‘Human’ Pair
• Fieldwork, research and the enquiry 1. Unequal Spaces
process lie at the heart of this exam.
2. Rebranding
• The most important ways of ensuring
the highest possible grades in this
module is (i) being able to focus on
the question set, (ii) to be able to use
resources effectively, and (iii) to get
your fieldwork in a form that works for
the exam.
4. UNIT 2 – Assessment overview and structure
• Normally the first part of
each question starts with
a data stimulus element.
• The fieldwork and
research elements are
related directly to work
you have carried out
during a field trip AND
may involve questions
about how you
processed, interpreted
etc what you found. •The data stimulus in unlikely
• The remaining question to be the 15 mark question
is more management and •Data stimulus with an analysis
issues based. Here case element is possible
study knowledge will be
required.
5. Its all about the brand – the
What is image or symbol given sell or
rebranding? promote a to a product
Brand Artefact Brand Essence Brandscape
Create a new What its like to work How does it compare
environment there, live there, visit with other places at a
Reuse the existing there. Who says what range of scales:
environment about it? local, regional, national
Remove old and international?
environment
Rebranding tries to
improve a place and
attract people and
investment
6. Why might places need rebranding?
• There may be a number of linked reasons:
– The economy: loss of employment + dynamism
– The environment: problems with buildings + infrastructure?
– The image: inward investment + tourism?
Towns and cities Countryside Coastal areas Each of these
different areas
Depopulation? Transport issues? Inaccessibility? face their own
particular
Unemployment base? Limited work? Decline in tourism?
challenges,
Desindustrialisation? Agricultural change? Loss of fishing? problems and
reasons for
Poor reputation? Backward reputation? No investment? decline
7. A high deprivation score (or index) may
mean that places need to rebrand. Health
Deprivation? may also be linked to deprivation and the
need to rebrand.
The IMD for London, 2004.
deprived wards concentrated
north and east of the Thames,
the area of Docklands and around
the new 2012 Olympics site.
Other, smaller and more discrete
areas often related to high levels
of immigrant populations
An online GIS health map for
London
(http://www.londonprofiler.org/ )
This shows the distribution of lung
cancer, where red colours indicate
an higher incidence. There is a
pattern, but it is more complex
than the IMD above.
8. Winners and losers in leisure and tourism
Tourism is an
Changes in tourism and leisure have important
brought a series of winners and losers component of
rebranding.
Winners Losers Ironbridge, Shropsh
ire has flourished
•Overseas destinations •Less accessible and through its links
•Near-motorway locations peripheral locations with
•Self contained holiday •Traditional seaside resorts industry, engineerin
villages (Victorian?) g and heritage
•‘Eco’ and adventure •Mid + lower market
destinations guesthouses
•Cities (especially easily •Non-specialist B&Bs
accessible) •Some lower profile visitor
•Night-time economy attractions
•Affordable ‘branded’ hotels
Which places and which types of location are
more likely in need of rebranding?
9. The strategies for rebranding
Rebranding may involve re-imaging, re-
imagining, and redevelopment. Places need to
refresh their identities, as well as attract new
investment and encourage physical, economic
and social renewal
Birmingham has
created a brand based
on a number of
flagship buildings, as
well as food.
10. Rebranding – the options
Rebranding usually has a number of aims:
• Economic: to replace a ‘lost’ economic sector with
a new one, creating employment and a positive
multiplier.
• Environmental: to improve the built environment,
to the point that an area is able to project a new ,
attractive image as a place to be, rather than a
place to avoid.
• Social: to encourage population growth, and a
more diverse population in terms of age, socio-
economic group and possibly culture / ethnicity.
To achieve these aims, regeneration and
reimaging are normally tied to a
particular ‘brand’ which gives a strategy
a focus and a public face. Logos’s have
become a crucial part of this.
11. There are many
different
tools and
ways to
rebrand:
• Heritage
• Retail
• Sport &
Leisure
• Media, arts &
culture
• Science
• Green /
sustainable
12. Rebranding players
Regional
• It is important to Development
Agencies
understand who is
responsible for European Local
(EU) Money Councils
rebranding.
• In the UK it does not
‘just happen’. There
are always key players Players
but these differ Property
developers
Business and
Industry
depending on the type
and location of
rebranding initiative.
Rebranding may also Charities
Local people
and
operate along a communities
‘spectrum’:
Different players may initiate
different types of scheme in
different locations
13. Thinking about fieldwork and research
Key fieldwork + research
‘In the field’ can focuses
mean a variety
of things. ‘Top-
up’ from other
Time to rebrand
sources if • Profile of places
necessary to give
coverage
Rebranding strategies
• Rural strategies
• Urban strategies
Managing rural
rebranding
• Assess success of schemes
When preparing notes for revision don’t just list Managing urban
what you did. Add depth with places and examples rebranding
of EQUIPMENT, NUMBER of surveys, details of LAND • Assess success of schemes
USE MAPS, even talk about SAMPLING.
The best answers often to refer to real fieldwork
and real places
14. Examples of fieldwork and research
Time to Rebrand Rebranding strategies Managing rural rebranding Managing urban rebranding
Example Fieldwork to uncover the Questionnaires and Selection and Selection and
FIELDWORK ‘profile’ and identity of a extended interviews with establishment of criteria establishment of
location – reasons for key players / stakeholders for success in RURAL criteria for success in
loss of function and locally to evaluate roles rebranding. Visit URBAN rebranding.
identity and opinions. location(s), collect Visit location(s),
Range of possible Use of images (e.g. qualitative and collect evidence, e.g.
options including various options a, b, c) – quantitative evidence, photos of new design
quality surveys (i.e. perception choices – what e.g. oral histories of flagship architecture;
residential quality, would you like? Delivered change, perception of proportion of retail
shopping quality etc), through on-the-street reputation, looking for occupancy; footfall;
‘placecheck form’, photo questionnaire. evidence of change in retail diversity (or
and video evidence to functional hierarchy etc. quality of shopping);
exemplify problem areas; Looking for evidence of cloning, perception /
questionnaire to local improvements to ‘place reputation (through
residents and image’, ‘product image the analysis of various
businesses; basic field and imaging rural texts);
notes and observations. people. More subjective
Mixture of qualitative and Opportunity at busy evidence may include
quantitative approaches. rural rebranded fieldwork which
locations to determine surveys the
sphere of influence distribution of cranes
in an urban spaces
Example Census and other socio- Research into the Research secondary Research secondary
RESEARCH demographic data to rebranding process, i.e. evidence of success, evidence of success,
identify locations - strategies to market and e.g. photos illustrating e.g. crime statistics,
Acorn and Cameo create identity: change, changes in visitor numbers /
profiles of different importance of employment, visitor footfall patterns. Data
postcodes (e.g. environment, economy, profile and published from town / city centre
‘checkmyfile’). In socio-cultural identity. catchment survey data management
particular employment / Researching the roles, etc.
socio-economic profiles; identities and functions of
role of geodemographic various players through
data. secondary sources and
evidence.
Local papers and arts
groups may provide
useful sources.
15. Before you go out
get the pre-
Fieldwork you can do before research in order
and during the site visit
Websites Most rebranding schemes have a website and Apply some healthy scepticism; data on
these often proclaim their success in terms of: job creation is notoriously difficult to
Money spent quantify as jobs can move, so have not
Jobs created really been created.
Construction
Environmental improvements
Visitor surveys Focus on where people have come from; this A wider sphere of influence may suggest
allows you to complete sphere of influence that a ‘brand’ is well known and new
maps attractions are working
Questionnaires Try and get local opinion, as well as that of Careful questionnaire design is important;
visitors. set yourself clear aims in terms of what
It may be worth moving outside the area that you need to find out and decide on
has been rebranded in order to gauge the views locations.
of surrounding residents.
EQS Very useful especially if you conduct them along Comparing regenerated to un-regenerated
a transect; compare regenerated and non- is a good way of making a judgement
regenerated areas.
Landuse maps These need to be detailed enough to analyse Aim to compare old landuse with new
later i.e. building by building, and need to have landuse – this way you can get a clear
a detailed key that can differentiate functions; picture of what has changed.
small areas are better.
Sites such as ‘Wheresthepath’ allow
free GIS mapping with old and new
OS maps side by side
16. Opportunities for longer term research
• Examine research sources such as the National
Census accessed through neighbourhood
statistics.
• You can also use local authority websites for
accessing a range of online GIS maps and data.
• Within your school or college it is always useful
to look back at data that was collected by
students a few years ago. This is most likely
available in an electronic form.
The Commission
for Rural
Inequalities has
some interesting
resource that
could support
rural rebranding
17. How would I measure other elements of
rebranding?
Deindustrialisation Newspapers – reporting factory closures and job losses; could be part of a
questionnaire survey of changing economic circumstances / jobs.
Depopulation Census at http://www.ons.gov.uk/census/index.html , which takes a
snapshot of population every 10 years, so population change can be
calculated.
Dereliction Landuse surveys, identifying vacant buildings and unused / overgrown land;
possibly part of an EQS especially if you used comparative areas.
Deprivation Index of Multiple Deprivation; this can be found as part of the Census
website but most local Councils have IMD data on their websites which is
often easier to use.
Interviews •The ideal way would be to conduct an interview with
You may have to representatives from the developers or the local council
find out about •try to ‘dig’ for information on funding and partners.
players also.
More qualitative Research •You should use the web to research who is involved
approaches •often rebranding projects are intricate partnerships of
required here. private businesses, councils and government quangos.
18. Following-up the rebranding fieldwork?
ACTIVITY 1 – METHODOLOGY WRITE-UP. Give a focus on the techniques and
approaches used, how the sites were selected, justification etc. Remember to
A range of include both fieldwork and research ideas.
fieldwork
ACTIVITY 2 – PRESENTATION and ANALYSIS. Give a focus on the range of
follow-up
techniques used to present the data and say why you used them. Also include a
options may
description of how and why data was analysed (including qualitative, e.g.
be
Annotation of photographs etc).
appropriate
in order to ACTIVITY 3 – RESULTS, CONCLUSIONS and EVALUATION. Give a focus on what
better you found, including some locational detail. You should also give details of
prepare for selected results, and provide an evaluative framework, e.g. limitations,
the exam. reliability of results etc.
The most Peer review of other modeled exam responses. Use highlighting, annotation etc
important to learn from other peoples work. This could be linked to a mark scheme,
activities are
in the light A fieldwork glossary...very useful to help with technical language in the exam.
green boxes This could be linked to a techniques matrix (see next slide).
A GIS / Google Earth map showing the locations visited as place marks.
Mock exam questions completed under timed conditions , linked to each of the
three activities above.
A PowerPoint presentation , to focus on giving a ‘virtual tour’ of the locations /
and or findings.
19. Matching your fieldwork and
research to the question
Questionnaires Include questions on the brand to assess how well
known it is; consider showing people a range of
logos and get them to identify the ‘correct’ one.
Be specific
when
Activity counts What are people doing? Have they ‘just come for answering a
a drink’ when the ‘idea’ was that they should be question –
visiting an art gallery? all these
can be used
Local Press Local newspapers rarely pull their punches if they to indicate
think money has been badly spent – get into your ‘success’
local library and see what journalists are saying
Landuse surveys Look for evidence of certain functions – sports,
art, high end retail – are they present, or is the
brand really just a ‘front’.
All linked to the success of rebranding
20. Get your summaries and case-studies
together
Summary
diagrams such as
this can be very
useful in
preparation for
the Unit 2 exam.
There are ‘fact-
rich’ and carry a
range of ideas to
help with both
fieldwork and
research as well
as case study
material
Source – Peter Symmonds College
21. Success or failure – how can we assess?
• Return to the aims of
the rebranding. Very
broadly these are likely
to be some combination
of:
• Economic
• Environmental.
• Social
• In terms of judging
success you will need to
use a mixture of
fieldwork and research;
quantitative and
qualitative.
22. Rebranding in Cornwall
The Old Brewery Quarter,
Cardiff • A rich mixture of private
• A private development: developments and public money,
Countryside Properties plc, plus EU funding (e.g. Objective 1
S A Brain & Co. , Mansford match funding)
Holdings plc. Cardiff City
Council and Cadw
• The property developers
then had the task of
attracting tenants such as La
Tasca, Starbucks and
Chiquitos.
23. Rebranding doesn’t always work…..
Example:
• Opened: 1999 Closed: 2004 Doncaster’s
• Location: close to Doncaster Earth Centre
built on 400-acre site of a
former colliery
• What? A leisure, recreation and
education park designed to
showcase sustainable living
• Cost: about £60 million, funded
largely by the Millennium
Lottery Commission.
• Closure? Lack of visitors; the
centre‘s location was not great
and transport access was poor
and there was limited interest
in the overall idea
• The site is now used as a
paintballing / airsoft skirmishing
site.
24. Summary
• Revise your personal fieldwork and
research on rebranded urban and
rural areas thoroughly.
• Know details on sampling, surveys,
presentation, analysis and
conclusions.
• Know the location(s) and why it
needed rebranding.
• What were the aims of rebranding?
• What the ‘brand image’ is and how
it might have changed over time.
• Be clear about ways to judge its
success.