Scientists can try to predict earthquakes by monitoring instruments that detect ground movement, studying past quake patterns, and measuring radon gas levels. To prepare, regular earthquake drills help people practice safe responses, emergency services train, and evacuation plans and supplies are organized. Buildings can be modified with steel frames, solid foundations, shock absorbers, fire-resistant materials, and automatic shutters to minimize risks of collapse during quakes. Developed countries like Japan have made great advances in preparation, leading to minimal deaths and injuries following quakes compared to less developed nations.

1. How can people prepare for earthquakes? Prediction and Preparation

2. Prediction Scientific instruments such as lasers and tiltmeters can be used to detect a future quake. Scientists can also study previous earthquake activity to try and identify patterns. Radon gas is often emitted shortly before a quake and can be measured and monitored. The ground can swell and bulge. Animal behaviour has been observed as odd before quakes e.g. howling dogs and jumping fish

3. Preparation Regular drills or practices help people to prepare e.g. ‘duck cover check’ in Japan schools have a monthly drill. Emergency services are trained. Evacuation plans and supplies are organised. Establish an effective warning system using TV and radio. Drawing up and enforcing building regulations with regards to building.

4. Buildings can be modified to minimise the risk of collapse. Counter weights that are remotely controlled can be placed on the foot of sky scrapers- which can reduce the movement of buildings. Steel frames which criss cross and do not collapse- they twist and sway during movements. Solid foundations avoiding soft ground with rubber shock absorbers put in place to absorb earthquakes

5. Buildings can be modified to minimise the risk of collapse. Using fire retardant materials means that the secondary effects e.g. fires are minimised. Shutters that are automatically triggered to protect people below from falling glass. In MEDCs like Japan and the US great advantages have been made meaning that death and injury is often minimal following a quake. Many LEDC nations do not have the finance to develop such resources or do not have the ability to enforce building regulations. This is why damage to property and life loss is usually greater in LEDCS.