The document provides information about earthquakes, including their causes, hazards, safety precautions during earthquakes, and community preparedness. It highlights that shifting tectonic plates are the primary cause of earthquakes, discusses common hazards like tsunamis and landslides, and suggests steps to take before and during an earthquake. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of community involvement in earthquake preparedness and response.

1. 1. What is the primary
cause of earthquakes?
a) Volcanic eruptions
b) Shifting tectonic plates
c) Underground explosions
d) Meteorite impacts

2. 1. What is the primary
cause of earthquakes?
a) Volcanic eruptions
b) Shifting tectonic plates
c) Underground explosions
d) Meteorite impacts

3. 2. Which of these is NOT a
common earthquake hazard?
a) Ground shaking
b) Tsunamis
c) Landslides
d) Volcanic eruptions

4. 2. Which of these is NOT a
common earthquake hazard?
a) Ground shaking
b) Tsunamis
c) Landslides
d) Volcanic eruptions

5. 3. What is the most important step
to take during an earthquake?
a) Run outside immediately
b) Stand near a window for visibility
c) Drop, cover, and hold on
d) Call for help

6. 3. What is the most important step
to take during an earthquake?
a) Run outside immediately
b) Stand near a window for visibility
c) Drop, cover, and hold on
d) Call for help

7. 4. Where is the safest place to
be during an earthquake?
a) Under a heavy table or desk
b) Near a window
c) In a doorway
d) Standing in the middle of a room

8. 4. Where is the safest place to
be during an earthquake?
a) Under a heavy table or desk
b) Near a window
c) In a doorway
d) Standing in the middle of a room

9. 5. What is the Richter scale
used to measure?
a) The intensity of an earthquake
b) The duration of an earthquake
c) The depth of an earthquake
d) The damage caused by an earthquake

10. 5. What is the Richter scale
used to measure?
a) The intensity of an earthquake
b) The duration of an earthquake
c) The depth of an earthquake
d) The damage caused by an earthquake

11. 6. What is a seismic wave?
a) A wave of energy that travels through the Earth's crust
b) A wave of water caused by an earthquake
c) A wave of air caused by an earthquake
d) A wave of heat caused by an earthquake

12. 6. What is a seismic wave?
a) A wave of energy that travels through the Earth's crust
b) A wave of water caused by an earthquake
c) A wave of air caused by an earthquake
d) A wave of heat caused by an earthquake

13. 7. What is the best way to
prepare for an earthquake?
a) Ignore the risk and hope for the best
b) Create an emergency plan and gather supplies
c) Wait for instructions from authorities
d) Move to a different location

14. 7. What is the best way to
prepare for an earthquake?
a) Ignore the risk and hope for the best
b) Create an emergency plan and gather supplies
c) Wait for instructions from authorities
d) Move to a different location

15. 8. What is the role of a
community in earthquake
preparedness?
a) To ignore the risk and hope for the best
b) To rely solely on government agencies for assistance
c) To work together, develop a plan and practice drills
d) To blame each other for the earthquake

16. 8. What is the role of a
community in earthquake
preparedness?
a) To ignore the risk and hope for the best
b) To rely solely on government agencies for assistance
c) To work together, develop a plan and practice drills
d) To blame each other for the earthquake

17. 9. What is a tsunami?
a) A series of large waves caused by an earthquake
b) A volcanic eruption that causes a large wave
c) A large storm that causes a wave
d) A tidal wave caused by the moon

18. 9. What is a tsunami?
a) A series of large waves caused by an earthquake
b) A volcanic eruption that causes a large wave
c) A large storm that causes a wave
d) A tidal wave caused by the moon

19. 10. What is the importance
of earthquake drills in
schools and workplaces?
a) To ensure that everyone knows what to do in case of an earthquake
b) To provide a fun activity for students and employees
c) To increase the number of earthquakes
d) To prepare for a natural disaster

20. 10. What is the importance
of earthquake drills in
schools and workplaces?
a) To ensure that everyone knows what to do in case of an earthquake
b) To provide a fun activity for students and employees
c) To increase the number of earthquakes
d) To prepare for a natural disaster

22. EARTHQUAKE
HAZARDS
Earthquake Hazards
and Risk Reduction
Methods

27. Your paragraph text
• An earthquake is the vibration of Earth produced by the rapid release of energy
within the lithosphere.
• Earthquakes are caused by slippage along a break in the lithosphere, called a
fault.
• The energy released by an earthquake travel in all directions from the focus in the
form of seismic waves.
• The movement that occurs along faults during earthquakes is a major factor in
changing Earth’s surface.
EARTHQUAKE

28. EARTHQUAKE
• Forces inside Earth slowly deform the rock that makes up Earth’s crust, causing
rock to bend.
• Elastic rebound is the tendency for the deformed rock along a fault to spring
back after an earthquake.
• An aftershock is an earthquake that occurs sometime soon after a major
earthquake.
• A seismograph is a device used to record the motion of the ground during an
earthquake.

29. 1. Check yourself and others for injuries. Provide first aid if needed.
2. Check water, gas, and electric lines for damage. Shut off the valves if any
are damaged.
3. If you smell gas, open all windows and doors, leave immediately, and
report it to the authorities.
4. Drop, Cover, and Hold on during the shaking.
5. Stay inside and shelter under a sturdy table or bench. Avoid windows and
heavy objects
WHAT TO DO WHEN THERE IS AN EARTHQUAKE?

30. • STAY CALM, DO NOT PANIC
• ALWAYS CHECK YOUR
SORROUNDING
• WAIT FOR THE SIGNAL WHEN TO
EVACUATE AND GO TO OPEN-SPACE
AREA
WHAT TO DO WHEN THERE IS AN EARTHQUAKE?

32. Tectonic plates can move in different directions resulting in different
outcomes.
TECTONIC PLATES
Convergent
Faults
Divergent
Faults
Transform
Faults

33. Convergent boundaries
occur when plates collide
with each other. Volcanos
and Earthquakes
commonly occur along
convergent boundaries.
CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES

34. DIVERGENT BOUNDARIES
Divergent boundaries occur
when plates move away from
on another.
When they move apart, water
or magma fills the space and

35. TRANSFORM FAULT BOUNDARIES
Transform boundaries are
also know as sliding
boundaries. They occur
when plates slide creating
a break in the earth's
surface. This can create a

37. EARTHQUAKE
HAZARDS

38. What are Earthquake Hazards?
Earthquake Hazards refer to
earthquake agents which have the
potential to cause harm to a
vulnerable target which can either be
humans, animals or even your
environment.
EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS

39. PRIMARY EFFECTS
The effects of an earthquake can be classified as
primary or secondary:
• Primary effects are permanent features an
earthquake can bring out.
Examples include fault scarps, surface ruptures,
and offsets of natural or human-constructed
objects.

40. FAULT SCARP

41. SURFACE OR GROUND RUPTURE

42. CONSTRUCTION DAMAGE

43. • Secondary effects happen when ground
movement results in other types of
destruction.
Examples include landslides, tsunami,
liquefaction and fire.
SECONDARY EFFECTS

44. 1. LANDSLIDES
Seismic vibration is a common triggering
mechanism for landslides. Landslides can have
particularly devastating effects like floods, blocking
of rivers, death, and damage to land and natural
resources. Landslides can be prevented by
reinforcing slope material, modifying the pathway
for surface and underwater and by putting piles and

46. 2. TSUNAMI
A tsunami is a huge sea wave triggered by a violent
displacement of the ocean floor. Underwater
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions or landslides can
cause tsunamis. As it approaches a shallow
coastline, its speed decreases, but the height of the
tsunami increases drastically, bringing so much
damage to nearby communities. Tsunamis can also
overwhelm sewage systems, destroy structures and

48. 3. LIQUEFACTION
Earthquake motion can turn loosely packed, water-
saturated soil to liquid— "liquefaction.” Liquefied soil
becomes less compact and ultimately loses the ability to
support roads, buried pipes, and, of course, houses. It is
caused by vibration or saturation with water which causes
the soil to decrease in density. These poses danger for it
led to unstable structures of buildings due to ground

50. 4. FIRE
Earthquakes cause fires. Even moderate ground
shaking can break gas and electrical lines,
sever fuel lines, and overturn stoves. To further
complicate things, water pipes rupture, so it
would be impossible to extinguish the fire.

52. WHY DOES IT MATTER?

53. WHAT IS THE ROLE OF COMMUNITY DURING EARTHQUAKE
Community Support is the backbone that
holds us together when floods, hurricanes,
earthquakes, or wildfires strike. Whether
it's sharing resources, providing emotional
support, or coordinating rescue efforts,
the role of the community is paramount.

54. ACTIVITY:
VOLCANO DIORAMA
PREPAREDNESS PLAN