This document provides guidance on auditing room and hotel revenue. It outlines steps to check that all occupied rooms are properly charged, rates are correct, payments are properly processed, and special cases like complimentary rooms are properly documented. It also provides guidance on auditing food and beverage revenue, banquet contracts and billing, and master data maintenance. The overall goal is to ensure all revenue is captured accurately and that any waivers or discounts are properly approved.
Front Office Accounting
Basics of Front Office Accounting
Types of Accounts
Types of Folios
Types of Postings
Types of Vouchers
Accounting Terminologies
Accounting System
Credit Monitoring
Floor Limit
Credit Limit
House Limit
Front Office Accounting Cycle
Stages of Settlement
Internal Audit
Handling Cash Float
Types of Transactions
After revision of this chapter with the help of the book of the universal Front office Gurus, Michael Kasavana & Richard M. Brooks, I felt this slide needed improvement.
Here it is! Please provide feedback for making it even more useful for all hospitality students...
Front Office Accounting
Basics of Front Office Accounting
Types of Accounts
Types of Folios
Types of Postings
Types of Vouchers
Accounting Terminologies
Accounting System
Credit Monitoring
Floor Limit
Credit Limit
House Limit
Front Office Accounting Cycle
Stages of Settlement
Internal Audit
Handling Cash Float
Types of Transactions
After revision of this chapter with the help of the book of the universal Front office Gurus, Michael Kasavana & Richard M. Brooks, I felt this slide needed improvement.
Here it is! Please provide feedback for making it even more useful for all hospitality students...
Hotel Industry Audit (Food and Beverages)Admin SBS
Objective of today’s session:
Overview on Hotel Industry
Tax Structure under GST
Indenting Controls
Menu Rates
Billing process
Bill Audit
Buffet Controls
Physical Verification
Licenses to be obtained to run bar & restaurant.
Modes of Payment in Hotel
Credit card :-
Debit card :-
Travelers cheque :-
Personal cheque :-
Company Accounts :-
Possibilities include credit cards, direct billing (bill - to - account), cash or personal check, traveler's checks, or debit cards. During checkout, the guest confirms the method of payment. Today's business and pleasure travelers usually pay with a credit card.
Payment method types
Credit Cards. As a global payment solution, credit cards are the most common way for customers to pay online. ...
Mobile Payments. ...
Bank Transfers. ...
Ewallets. ...
Prepaid Cards. ...
Direct Deposit. ...
Cash.
how to read & analyse hotel income statementManish Gupta
Full Course Link - https://www.udemy.com/hotel-management-overall-financial-performance-analysis/?couponCode=2018LAST
This presentation course will give you all fundamental learning about analysing hotel income statements. We will learn standard hotel financial statements templates as well as various steps used how to analyse financial statements. You can subscribe to my course at
Night Audit in Front Office
Introduction
Functions of Night Audit
Duties of Night Auditor
Audit Posting Formula
Bucket Check
Night Audit Process
Night Audit Reports
Rate Variance Report
Revenue Report
Occupancy Report
Commission Report
High Balance Report
Operating Modes
Important Terminologies
1. Guest Cycle
2. Front Office Systems
3. Guest Cycle under Three Different Systems
4. Front Office Forms
5. Front Office Functional Organization
6. Front Office Equipment
Check out in hotels is not just a set of tasks to be mechanically executed by a robotic front office staff. The Goodwill of the hotel rests so much upon this last stage of guest cycle that the students of hospitality must not learn this topic as just any other topic.
Hotel Industry Audit (Food and Beverages)Admin SBS
Objective of today’s session:
Overview on Hotel Industry
Tax Structure under GST
Indenting Controls
Menu Rates
Billing process
Bill Audit
Buffet Controls
Physical Verification
Licenses to be obtained to run bar & restaurant.
Modes of Payment in Hotel
Credit card :-
Debit card :-
Travelers cheque :-
Personal cheque :-
Company Accounts :-
Possibilities include credit cards, direct billing (bill - to - account), cash or personal check, traveler's checks, or debit cards. During checkout, the guest confirms the method of payment. Today's business and pleasure travelers usually pay with a credit card.
Payment method types
Credit Cards. As a global payment solution, credit cards are the most common way for customers to pay online. ...
Mobile Payments. ...
Bank Transfers. ...
Ewallets. ...
Prepaid Cards. ...
Direct Deposit. ...
Cash.
how to read & analyse hotel income statementManish Gupta
Full Course Link - https://www.udemy.com/hotel-management-overall-financial-performance-analysis/?couponCode=2018LAST
This presentation course will give you all fundamental learning about analysing hotel income statements. We will learn standard hotel financial statements templates as well as various steps used how to analyse financial statements. You can subscribe to my course at
Night Audit in Front Office
Introduction
Functions of Night Audit
Duties of Night Auditor
Audit Posting Formula
Bucket Check
Night Audit Process
Night Audit Reports
Rate Variance Report
Revenue Report
Occupancy Report
Commission Report
High Balance Report
Operating Modes
Important Terminologies
1. Guest Cycle
2. Front Office Systems
3. Guest Cycle under Three Different Systems
4. Front Office Forms
5. Front Office Functional Organization
6. Front Office Equipment
Check out in hotels is not just a set of tasks to be mechanically executed by a robotic front office staff. The Goodwill of the hotel rests so much upon this last stage of guest cycle that the students of hospitality must not learn this topic as just any other topic.
Introduction to Credit Control
Cash Control
Internal Control
Elements of Internal Audit
Principles of Internal Audit
Physical Control Measures
Cash Inflow Control
Why do hotels sell on credit
Objectives of Credit Control
Credit Control Problems
Methods of Credit Control
Credit Control for guests at check-in
Credit Control during guest stay
Credit Control during/ post departure
Credit Control for Companies/ Travel Agents
Don't ever let your business get ahead of the financial side of your business. Accounting, accounting, accounting. Know your numbers.
Tilman J. Fertitta
General Instructions 1. The objective of this check list is to guid.pdfKUNALHARCHANDANI1
General Instructions: 1. The objective of this check list is to guide the Internal Auditors in the
conduct of Internal Audit in a systematic manner so that all the significant points in finance &
accounts, procurement, contract & tenders, payment of bills of contractors, planning process,
flow of funds and staffing etc. are checked before finalization of Internal Audit Report 2. The
Internal Auditors should familiarize themselves with the Manual on Financial Management &
Procurement thoroughly before conducting Internal Audit. Para 100 to 105 of the Manual on
Financial Management & Procurement provides broad guidelines for Internal Audit of SSA and
Paras 51 to 99.7 of the Manual contains guidelines for maintenance of accounts . 3. Scope and
coverage of Internal Audit and report – Internal Audit of District Project Offices and sub -district
units selected on a percentage basis should be conducted so as to cover all districts and sub-
districts units at least once in 3 years . The Internal Audit report should indicate name of unit
covered, date of Audit, review of planning process to ascertain whether the activities under SSA
have been planned as per prescribed norms, review of financial systems to check the efficacy of
internal checks and controls, review of establishment matters and staffing, review of
Procurement and status of Statutory Audit, C& AG Audit and Internal Audit. 4 Finance &
Accounts – 4.1 To check whether 22 Registers( Annexure-I is attached for ready reference)
indicated in para 52 of FM&P Manual are maintained. 4.2 To verify about the number of savings
Bank Accounts maintained for SSA at SPO /DPO /Block & VEC Levels. The matter should be
reported if more then one savings bank accounts are maintained at any levels. The reasons for
maintenance of multiple Bank Accounts should also be mentioned in the Internal Audit Report
4.3 Cash book - To check cash book for ascertaining whether cash book is written daily as
envisaged in para 79 of FM&P Manual monthly on regular basis. The Internal Auditor must also
conduct physical verification of cash and report heavy cash balance if any. 4.4 To check whether
Bank Reconciliation is done monthly on regular basis or not 4.5 Payment of bills of contractors
Annexure-P To verify whether 4.5.1 Original bill duly signed by contractors is submitted. 4.5.2
Contractor has put his initials in all cuttings and corrections in the bill. 4.5.3 All Supporting
documents are attached with the bills. 4.5.4 The rates, security deposit, and deductions are as per
terms and conditions specified in the agreement 4.5.5 The variations in quantities and completion
period etc. have been authorized by the competent authority 4.5.6 Job completion certificate has
been processed by the dealing assistant of SSA. 4.5.7 Bills passed for payment are as per rules of
the society. 4.5.8 All terms and conditions of the contract are fulfilled before passing the bills.
4.5.9 Every final bill is checked in detail with measurement boo.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. Check whether room revenue has been charged for all
rooms occupied during the day. This check is to be carried
out by checking the spool report “ Journal for the day” fro
PMS. The check should specifically cover the following:
• All the guests in House at the time of night audit.
• All the guests who have checked out during the day.
1.1 Room charge not charged but rooms let out
3. 1.2 Room charge not charged but rooms let out –
Special cases
Wherever the room revenue has not been charged for
occupied rooms, check whether they fall in the following
category
Complimentary
House Guest
Late Check-Out
Early Check-In
Day use guest
4. 1.2 Room charge not charged but rooms let out –
Special cases
In the case of complimentary and house guest rooms
check whether necessary approvals in accordance with
Corporate circular exist and they appear in the
Complimentary report printed and circulated to
GM/FOM.
5. 1.2 Room charge not charged but rooms let out –
Special cases
In the case of Late checkouts
o Whether half day/ full day charge levied is in accordance
with the late check-out policy of the Hotel.
o Whether the waiver of half day/full day charges is in
accordance with the late check-out policy of the Hotel.
o If it is not in accordance with the policy, check whether
the same has been duly documented and approved in
accordance with corporate circular.
6. 1.2 Room charge not charged but rooms let out –
Special cases
In the case of early check-ins (after the night audit and
before noon)
o Whether half day/full day charge levied is in accordance
with the policy of the Hotel.
o Whether the waiver of half day/full day charge is in
accordance with the early check-in policy of the Hotel.
o If it is not in accordance with the policy, check whether
the same has been duly documented and approved.
7. 1.2 Room charge not charged but rooms let out –
Special cases
In the case of Day use guest
o Check whether room revenue has been charged for all
day use guests.
o Whether the waiver of half day/full day charges has been
duly documented and approved.
8. 1.3 Check – in without reg. card or improper reg.
card – control over unauthorized use of rooms
Review registration cards for their completeness.
Check whether Room Discrepancy Report has been
prepared and documentation for resolving the
discrepancies.
Check whether Key checks have been carried out by the
authorized person and documented.
9. 1.4 Incorrect rates charged leading to loss of
revenue
Rate Variance Report – Approvals in accordance with
Corporate circulars for adhoc rates.
Check the rates charged, especially adhoc rates/rates
based on BAR with appropriate approvals.
Upgrade report – Approvals in accordance with
Corporate circulars.
10. 1.5 Check outs not billed and not settled
For all check – outs during the day, check whether bills
have been raised and duly settled in PMS either as
Credit card settlement
City Ledger settlement
Cash settlement
11. 1.6 Credit card settlements not properly done
Credit card settlements
For all bills settled by credit card as per PMS, availability
of credit card charge slips should be verified.
For all bills settled by credit card as per POS chance
sheet, availability of credit card charge slips should be
verified
Credit card charge slips should also matched with the
EDC summary sheet for the day.
12. 1.7 City ledger settlement without billing instruction
City Ledger settlements
Check whether for all bill settlement to city ledger, there
is billing instruction or the party is a credit listed party.
Check for guest signature in the case of Credit
customers.
Ensure that all City ledger settlements have been duly
posted to CITY LEDGER and the control totals matched.
13. 1.8 Cash Settlement not accounted in cash book or
paid outs not charged
Tally the cash settlements with the cash summary and
the cash book/scroll.
Check all Paid Outs as per PMS report with the Paid out
slips and check for guest acknowledgement and Duty
Manager approval.
14. 1.9 Forex Settlement – wrong rates applied for
charging /Settlement
Check whether correct foreign exchange rates have
been updated in the system and check whether TT rates
are applied for billing and TC/CN rates are applied for
settlement.
Verify all Foreign exchange encashment certificates.
Ensure serial continuity, fling up of all relevant details and
signature of the guest and authorized signatory.
15. 1.10 Checkouts without settlement of bills but
keeping bills open
Ensure that all the bills received from Front desk are final
bills and not Information bills.
Review payment masters (PM) with reasons, ensure that
they are properly approved by Front office Management and
are not kept pending.
Review bills on hold and ensure that they are transferred as
per corporate policy to city ledger.
Check bills are periodically (not later than a fortnight) raised
for long stayers.
Review guest in house balances and high balance report.
Specifically look for abnormal balances and amounts pending
in PM accounts.
16. 1.11 Charges being unauthorized allowanced
Check Front office allowances are as per PMS report with
its base documents, reasons and the approval of the
same.
In case of Diplomats where taxes are not charged, check
with the relevant supporting documents applicable to the
respective state laws.
Review and confirm the correctness of Manual Postings
in PMS.
Review Lost posting account and take corrective action
to identify the correct guest name.
17. 1.12 User using software options to not charging or
billing the guest.
Review user logs to identify exceptional and unusual events
logged by the system. Special emphasis to be given to the
usage of the following options:
Deletions
Transfers
Moves
Modifications and
Splits
18. 1.13 Over all revenue control and tally
Review PMS Trial Balance and ensure it tallies.
Review and ensure the correctness of Daily Business
Report.
19. 1.14 Room Rate Master Maintenance – Rate codes
wrongly updated
Master Maintenance audit
Check all rate code amendments in the rate master.
Check creation of new department codes in PMS,
necessary approvals for such creation and the correctness
of the flow of data from the new department code in PMS
to ARCL.
20. 2.1 IOUs controls not approved/ not settled
Check IOUs with vouchers and approvals by FOM/DM.
Ideally IOUs should be discouraged.
2. Front Office Cash
21. 2.2 Cash Turn not receipted
Check cash turn in procedure and tally cash receipts from
all the outlets with cash settlements reports from POS,
PMS and Front Office cashbook,
Check all cash receipts with PMS and Manual cash book.
Check for serial continuity of receipts cancelled receipts
should have the reason for cancellation and approval by
FOM/DM.
22. 2.3 Physical cash not verified
Physically verify cash and tally with book balance and
document denominations and fact of verification done.
Physically verify Foreign Exchange with Forex
encashment certificates and TC/Cash with PMS and
manual/PMS cashbook.
Check whether there is process of physical verification of
cash/forex at the time of shift change and denominations
are recorded in the cash book/shift hand over book.
23. 3.1 Non charging / non billing services provided
Check all the bills with the sales summaries received
from the outlets (Pastry shops, Beauty Parlour, Laundry,
Business Centre, Boat Income, etc.)
Check all settlement modes and cross check with
respective controls Viz.,
o batch slip for EDC machine in case of credit card,
o billing instruction for city ledger and
o cash summary for cash sales.
3. Other Revenue Controls
24. 3.1 Non charging / non billing services provided
In the case of Manual bills ensure serial number
continuity of bills and ensure it is duly posted in PMS.
Check telephone charges as per telephone system
matches with charge in PMS.
25. 4.1 POS controls – serial continuity of bills settled
Check whether sales as per chance sheet from point of
sales tallies with entries posted in PMS.
Check whether all bills have been received from all the
outlets for the sales made during the day.
Check the void bills report and ensure that the original
void bills are physically available and the same have been
approved by the Restaurant Manager/ F & B Manager and
counter chef.
4. F & B Revenue
26. 4.1 POS controls – serial continuity of bills settled
Check the Reprint bills report and ensure that the
original bill and the reprinted bill are physically available
and the same has been approved by the Restaurant
manager/ F & B Manager.
Check whether there are open bills, if yes, approval and
the reasons for the same.
4. F & B Revenue
27. 4.2 POS controls – non – billings of food and
beverage served or short billing
Check whether duly approved entertainment slips as per
corporate policy are available for the
complimentary/entertainments.
Check whether all EDM bills have been appropriately
approved.
Check whether gift voucher/share holders coupon
attached to the food bills are duly defaced.
Check F & B discounts and its authorization. Check
whether discount coupon are defaced.
28. 4.3 Wrong appropriation of income between F&B
/room revenue
Check whether meal plan credits and taxes have been
correctly given in all cases as per corporate circular.
29. 4.4 Rate master wrong updation
Check restaurant rate code amendments with menu card
and edit list from system.
30. 5.1 Rates – unauthorized discounts/terms
Check whether banquet contract as envisaged in
corporate circular is entered into.
Check whether thee rates fixed are as per corporate
circular on optimizing revenue and necessary approvals
have been taken with regard to discounts.
Check whether the contract terms on advances, credit
extensions have been adhered.
Check whether the PAN number has been obtained for
all bills over Rs. 25000 if settlement is going to be in cash.
5. BANQUET REVENUE
31. 5.2 Billing for quantity less than what has been
guaranteed.
Cross check the function prospectus (FP) with the
Banquet challans and check the correctness of billing.
Check whether all corrections. Modifications in the FP/
Banquet challans have been adhered.
Check whether the PAN number has been obtained for
all bills over Rs. 25000 if settlement is going to be in cash.
32. 5.3 Incomplete billing
Check whether bills have been raised for all the banquets
for the day and they are supported by Banquet challans
duly signed by the guests.