Definition of endemic disease the most common endemic diseases in Saudi Arabia Scabies diagnosis of scabies treatment of scabies Schistosomiasis prevention of shidtosomiasis MERS-VC Corona virus prevention of corona Swine flu Prevention of swine flu AIDS Prevention of AIDS Primary health care

1. Endemic diseases in
Saudi Arabia
Primary health care seminar
Mohammed Sulaiman Alkahmous
Alfarabi college of Medicine

2. Endemic Diseases
The constant presence of diseases or infectious
agents within a given geographic area or
population group. It may also refer to the
usual prevalence of a given disease with such
area or group It includes holoendemic and
hyperendemic diseases
Mohammed Sulaiman Alkahmous

3. scabies
a contagious skin disease marked by itching and small raised red
spots, caused by the itch mite
Mode of transmission:
1-skin to skin contact
2-Sexual transmission
3-People living in crowded condition
4-People in child care facilities
Clinical presentation:
1- Itching especially at night
2- Pimple-like rash
3- Scales or blisters
4- Sores caused by scratching Mohammed Sulaiman Alkahmous

5. scabies
Mites Where it can live
This is the diagnostic rash
Mohammed Sulaiman Alkahmous

6. scabies
Treatment:
1-medications that kill the mites (Permethrin)
2-Antihistamine pills (Hydrocortisone cream may also
help, but it can change the appearance of the scabies
rash, making the condition harder to diagnose)
Prevention:
1-Avoide direct skin contact with infected people
2-Regular cleaning of toys and suspected infected
surfaces
Mohammed Sulaiman Alkahmous

7. Schistosomiasis
definition
an infection caused by parasitic flukes of the genus
Schistosoma
Agents:
parasitic worms. Infection with Schistosoma
mansoni, S. haematobium, and S. japonicum causes
illness in humans; less commonly, S. mekongi and S.
intercalatum can cause disease
Reservoir: water, fresh water snails
Mohammed Sulaiman Alkahmous

8. Schistosomiasis
Mode of Transmission: The parasite leaves the snail and enters
the water where it can survive for about 48 hours. Schistosoma
parasites can penetrate the skin of persons who are wading,
swimming, bathing, or washing in contaminated water
The prevention
No vaccine is available
• The best way to prevent schistosomiasis is to take the
following steps if you are visiting or live in an area where
schistosomiasis is transmitted
• 1-Avoid swimming or wading in freshwater when you are in
countries in which schistosomiasis occurs
• 2-Drink safe water
Mohammed Sulaiman Alkahmous

9. Middle east respiratory syndrome
coronavirus (MERS-CV)
• a contagious lung disease marked by fever and cough and short
of breathing.
• Mode of transmission:
• 1.person to person through respiratory droplet secretion
• 2. From animals to people
• Clinical presentation:
• 1.fever
• 2.cough
• 3.vomting
• 4.diarrhea

10. Prevention
1. Wash your hands often with soap and water.
2. Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze then
throw the tissue in the trash.
3. Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands.
4. Avoid close contact with sick people
5. No vaccine or specific treatment is currently available.
Mohammed Sulaiman Alkahmous

11. Swine flu (H1N1 and H3N2 influenza virus)
Swine flu is an acute, highly contagious, respiratory
disease that results from infection with type A
influenza virus
In April 2009 swine flu outbreak (pandemic) was
due to infection with the H1N1 virus and was first
observed in Mexico.
Mohammed Sulaiman Alkahmous

13. Agent: type A influenza virus
The incubation period: for the disease is about one
to four days.
Mode of transmission:1- inhaled the pathogen(air-
borne) from animal(pigs) to humans or from
human to human
Vaccination is the best way for prevention or
reduce the chances of becoming infected with
influenza viruses.
The most serious complication of the flu is
pneumonia
Swine flu (H1N1 and H3N2 influenza virus)
Mohammed Sulaiman Alkahmous

14. Definition of AIDS
AIDS is a chronic disease caused by the Human
Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that affects and
destroys CD4 cells; which are a type of white
blood cell that is responsible for the immune
system. AIDS develops when the number of CD4
cells falls below 200 cells in (HIV) infected
patients.
Mohammed Sulaiman Alkahmous

15. Causative agent
HIV infection is caused by the human immunodeficiency
virus.
Mood of Transmission : Sexual intercourse - Blood
transfusion - Sharing infected injections
Mother-to-fetus infection – Breastfeeding .
HIV/AIDS Prevention:
1. Avoid forbidden sexual relations outside of wedlock.
2. Use a condom if either partner is infected.
3. Avoid using used syringes, needles, sharp tools or
razors
Mohammed Sulaiman Alkahmous

16. Thank You
Respect your body
Fuel your body
Challenge your body
Move your body
And most of all
Love your body