Thank you for the detailed presentation on hospital acquired infections. I appreciate you taking the time to provide an overview of this important topic.
HAI are a significant cause of increased morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. In addition, HAI lead to prolonged hospital stay, are inconvenient for the patients, and constitute huge economic burden on health care system. Studies have shown that HAI prevalence varies from 3.8% to 19.6% depending on the population surveyed with a pooled global prevalence of 10.1%.
HAI are a significant cause of increased morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. In addition, HAI lead to prolonged hospital stay, are inconvenient for the patients, and constitute huge economic burden on health care system. Studies have shown that HAI prevalence varies from 3.8% to 19.6% depending on the population surveyed with a pooled global prevalence of 10.1%.
A short brief on 'Hospital Acquired Infections' (HAI) or 'Nosocomial Infection' (NI) for M Phil, MPH and Advance Course in Hospital Management/ Administration
Nosocomial Infections by Mohammad MufarrehMMufarreh
Reviews the definition, risk factors, types, sources, causes, and modes of transmission of healthcare-associated infections and the preventive measures that can be applied to minimize the risks.
Nosocomial infection and its surveillanceShyam Mishra
This power-point highlights the burden of nosocomial infection and the methods of its surveillance. It also gives a glimpse on infection control strategy in a health-care setting.
Infection occurring in a patient in a hospital or other health care facility in whom the infection was not present or incubating at the time of admission.
A basic idea about Hospital Acquired Infections from a Preventive and Social Medicine Student's point of view. It has many pictures -some were indeed taken from Slide Share itself! I think I can do it since there is a "share" in Slide share :)
An infection occurring in a patient in a hospital or other health care facility in whom the infection was not present or incubating at the time of admission. This includes infection acquired in hospital but appearing after discharge, and also occupational infection among staff of the facility.
A short brief on 'Hospital Acquired Infections' (HAI) or 'Nosocomial Infection' (NI) for M Phil, MPH and Advance Course in Hospital Management/ Administration
Nosocomial Infections by Mohammad MufarrehMMufarreh
Reviews the definition, risk factors, types, sources, causes, and modes of transmission of healthcare-associated infections and the preventive measures that can be applied to minimize the risks.
Nosocomial infection and its surveillanceShyam Mishra
This power-point highlights the burden of nosocomial infection and the methods of its surveillance. It also gives a glimpse on infection control strategy in a health-care setting.
Infection occurring in a patient in a hospital or other health care facility in whom the infection was not present or incubating at the time of admission.
A basic idea about Hospital Acquired Infections from a Preventive and Social Medicine Student's point of view. It has many pictures -some were indeed taken from Slide Share itself! I think I can do it since there is a "share" in Slide share :)
An infection occurring in a patient in a hospital or other health care facility in whom the infection was not present or incubating at the time of admission. This includes infection acquired in hospital but appearing after discharge, and also occupational infection among staff of the facility.
Hospital Acquired Infections: A guide for preventing HAIsMarketLab Inc.
Hospital staff can reduce costs, save lives, and prevent Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) with the right combination of infection control supplies and procedures. Learn more with this presentation.
Accident Detection and Ambulance Triggered Traffic Management SystemsSachin Kumar Asokan
This was a project that I worked on during my undergraduate degree where the main goal was to understand how electrical engineering & technology can impact our daily lives in a resourceful and positive way. This model was picked for a honorable mention in the competition.
this is a series of lectures on microbiology, useful for undergraduate and post graduate medical and paramedical students.. this lecture is on hospital acquired infection
Hospital-acquired infections are caused by viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens; the most common types are bloodstream infection (BSI), pneumonia (eg, ventilator-associated pneumonia [VAP]), urinary tract infection (UTI), and surgical site infection (SSI).
The Role of Microorganism in Hospital Acquired Infection.pptxManitaPaneri
Hospital Acquired infections, also called nosocomial infections can be defined as the infections acquired by the patients in the hospital by a patient -
1. who was admitted for a reason other than that infection.
2. In whom infection was not present or incubated at the time of admission.
3. Symptoms should appear at least after 48 hours of admission.
In these slides, microbes responsible for hospital acquired infections and preventive strategies are shared.
Hospital-acquired infections are caused by viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens; the most common types are bloodstream infection (BSI), pneumonia (eg, ventilator-associated pneumonia [VAP]), urinary tract infection (UTI), and surgical site infection (SSI)
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
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Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
1. HOSPIAL ACQUIRED INFECTION
(DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE)
Moderated by- Dr. Dhiraj Srivastava
Presented by- Srihari Adhikari
Roll No.- 73
Batch- 2010
2.
3. Definition
• Hospital acquired infection / nosocomial
infection are infection acquired during
hospital care which are not present or
incubating at admission.
• Infection occurring more than 48 hours after
admission are usually considered nosocomial.
4. • Word Nosocomial
comes from the
greek word
nosokomeion
meaning hospital
(nosos= disease,
komeo= to take
care of)
5. Definition by CDC
• Infection that patients
acquire during the
course of receiving
treatment for other
conditions or that health
workers acquire while
performing their duties
within healthcare setting
6.
7. Surgical site infection
• Any purulent discharge
or abscess or spreading
cellulitis at the surgical
site during the month
after the operation.
8. Urinary infection
• Positive urine
culture (1 or 2
species) with at
least 1o
thousand
bacteria/ml
without clinical
symptoms.
9. Respiratory infection
Respiratory symptoms with at least 2 of
the following signs appearing during
hospitalization
• Cough
• Purulent sputum
• New infiltrate on chest
radiograph consistent
with infection.
15. Complication or
extension of
infection(s)
already present on
admission unless a
change in pathogen
or symptoms
strongly suggest
the acquisition of
new infection
16. Infection in an
infant that is
known or proven
to have been
acquire
transplacentally &
become evident
before 48 hour of
birth
23. Prospective study in burn unit of a
tertiary case referral centre in north
india
• Hospital wide study is Performed by Taneja N.,
Emmanuel R.,Chari P S, Sharma M. in 2004
• 71 patient developed 59 hospital acquired
infection.
• Infection density- 36.2 infection
per 1000 patient day
• Commonest- invasive wound
infection
24. U.T.I. study in JNMC Aligarh
• Performed by M. Akram, M.Shahid, A U Khan in
2007.
• 100 sample infected out of 920 tested urine
sample.
• Infection of
E. Coli- 61%
Klebsiella – 22%
27. 2) Routes of spread
a) Direct contact
b) Droplet infection
c) Air borne particle
d) Release of hospital dust into the air
e) Through various hospital procedure
32. e) Through various hospital procedure like
• catheterization
• Intravenous
procedure
• dressing
• infected cat gut
• sputum cups
• bed pans
• urinals etc.
33. 3) RECIPIENTS
a) Patient especially severely ill & under
corticosteroid therapy
b) Cross infection is greater in
• Intensive care unit
• Urological ward
• Geriatric ward
• Special baby care unit
38. WHO guideline for hand
hygiene in health care
• Washing hand with soap
& water
• Preferably use an alcohol
based hand rub for routine
hand antisepsis
• When alcohol based
hand rub is already used
do not used antimicrobial
soap concomitantly.
39. Perform hand hygiene
• Before & after having direct contact with patients
• Before handling an invasive device for patient
care regardless of whether or not gloves are used
• After contact with body fluid or excretion , mucus
membrane, non intact skin, or wound dressing.
• If moving from a contaminated body site to a
clean body site during patient care.
• After contact with inanimate objects (including
medical equipment) in the immediate vicinity of
the patient.
40.
41.
42. 4) disinfection
• Sterilization of instrument
• Disinfection of article used by patient
• Patients urine, faeces, sputum should be
properly disinfected
43. 5) Dust control
• Suppression
of dust by
wet dusting
& vacuum
cleaning
48. Hospital infection control committee
• Medical superintendent- chairperson
• Representative from major clinical
departments.
• Representative for nursing services.
• CSSD in charge.
• OT in charge.
• Microbiologist.
50. An attempt should be made to
achieve and maintain an average
count of 10-15 bacteria/cubic foot of
air in hospital
less than 5 bacteria/ cubic foot- minimal risk of infection
more than 35 bacteria/ cubic foot of air- heightened risk
51. Guideline to evaluate the floor
cleaning procedure
Based on rodac plate count
• 0-25 bacteria/cubic foot- good floor cleaning
procedure
• 26-50 bacteria/cubic foot- satisfactory
• More than 50 bacteria/cubic foot- not
satisfactory
52. Role of central sterile supply
department (CSSD)
• CSSD is an accepted feature of hospital
planning.
53. Function of CSSD
• Supply of sterile instrument & material for
dressing & procedure carried out in wards &
department.
• Sterilization of instrument & linen for use in
operation theatre
54. CSSD also look after
• Disinfection & sterilization of medical
equipment such as ventilators, baby
incubators, oxygen tents etc.
• Selection & distribution of single use
(disposable) sterile supplies such as catheters,
suction tubing & syringe.
67. References
• Park’s textbook of Preventive & social medicine
• Harrisons principle of internal medicine
• Textbook of microbiology: Ananthnarayana
• Bennett & Brachmans hospital acquired infection:
William R. Jarvis
• Hospital administration: Francis & De Souza
• www.burnsjournal.com date 09-07-2012
• www.ann-clinmicrob.com date 09-07-2012
• www.jornalofhospitalinfection.com date 09-07-
2012
• CSSD of UP RIMS&R Saifai, Etawah