1) Hospitals are classified based on their purpose, administration, size, type of care provided, medical system, and region. They can be general, special, teaching or research hospitals and run by the government, private or semi-government. 2) Hospitals are organized into primary, secondary and tertiary levels of care. Primary hospitals provide basic care, secondary hospitals provide specialist care, and tertiary hospitals provide specialized consultative care usually through referrals. 3) Hospitals have complex organizational structures with various clinical and non-clinical departments, services, and staff to provide patient care and run daily operations. Primary services include emergency care, inpatient, outpatient and operating rooms. Secondary services support primary care

1. Hospital and Its Organization
By
Krushna K. Zambare
HOD, Pharmacology
SBSPM B. Pharmacy College,
Ambajogai

2. Definition
 Institution providing medical and
surgical treatment and nursing care for
sick or injured people. Or
 an institution that is built, staffed, and
equipped for the diagnosis of disease,
for the treatment sick or injured and
for their housing during this process.

3. Classification of hospital
1) According to purpose
a) General
b) Special
c) Teaching or research
2) According to administration/finance
a) Government or Semi gov.
b) Private
3) Depending on capacity
a) Small : 100 beded
b) Medium : Upto 300 beded
c) Large : More than 300 bed
4) Depending on type of care
a) Primary
b) Secondary
c) Tertiary
5) Depending on system of medicine
a) Allopathic
b) Ayurvedic
c) Unani
d) Homeopathic

4. Classification of hospital
6) Depending on region
a) Regional
b) District
c) Sub-district
d) Rural

5. Primary hospitals
 Day-to-day healthcare given by a health care
provider.
 first level of contact between individuals and
families with the health system
 Primary Health care serve the community
 it included care for mother and child like
◦ family planning
◦ Immunization
◦ prevention of locally endemic diseases
◦ treatment of common diseases or injuries
◦ provision of essential facilities
◦ health education,
Eg. Primary Health center (PHC)

6. Secondary hospitals
 second rank of health system
 patients from primary health care are
referred to specialists in higher
hospitals for treatment
 Eg. District hospitals/Pediatric/Surgery
hospitals

7. Tertiary hospitals
 refers to a third rank of health system
 specialized consultative care is
provided usually on referral from
primary and secondary
 Features of tertiary hospital are
Intensive Care Units, advanced
diagnostic support services and
specialized medical personnel
 Eg. Research centers/ Medical
colleges/Cancer hospital

8. Classification based on clinical
and non- clinical basis
 whether or not you treat patients or
provide direct patient care of any type

9. Organization Structure of a
Hospital
 Large hospitals have complex
organization structure
 Small hospitals have simple
organization structure
 Organisation structure includes
various staff, services provided,
departments and committees

10. Organization Structure of a
Hospital
Board
Administration
Primary services
Emergency care
Inpatient
Outpatient (OPD)
Operation Theatre
Intensive care Unit
(ICU)
Secondary services
Central sterile supply
department
Dietary
Pharmacy
Therapy
Diagnostic
Radiology
Nursing
Social
Supportive services
Laundry
Transport
Maintenance
Record
Education
Accounting
Mortuary

11. Primary services
1) Emergency services
 Quick treatment
 Serious cases or accidental cases treated
 Sometimes transferred to special departments like
Orthopedic, Neurology
2) Outpatient service
 Examination and counseling in Out Patient Dept. (OPD)
3) Inpatient service
 Has special rooms or general wards
 Patient may get admitted in case of emergency from
OPD

12. Primary services
4) Intensive care Units
 Serious or critical patients admitted here
 Special equipments and trained staff are
available round the clock
5) Operation theatre
 Surgical procedures undertaken
 Specialized air filters present
 Centralized sterilized area
 Cross-contamination is prevented

13. Secondary services
1) Central sterile supply department (CSSD)
 Engaged in supply of sterile materials and instruments
 Sterile air supplied here
 Connected with all departments
 Proper record keep of all sterilized materials
 Usually Connected directly to OT
2) Therapy
 Treatment of injury or disease
 Specialized departments for different diseases
 Specialized doctors, trained nurses
 Proper record kept of all patients treated

14. Secondary services
3) Diagnostic department (Radiology dept)
 Includes Laboratory
 Special equipments like X-ray, CT, MRI,
Ultrasonograpy, Bioanalyser
 Most important department
 Open and staff available round the clock
 Generally present in close proximity to OT, ICU,
Wards
4) Nursing
 Has qualified Nursing staff
 Duties are governed by Metron or Assistant Metron
 Has service in shifts
 Takes care of Patient and Maintains the Inpatient
record

15. Secondary services
5) Diet Department
 Has Kitchen and Dinning hall
 In charge is usually Dietician
 Store for storing food
 Connected with supplier service to supply food to all
hospital
 Outside food not allowed And Complete Hygiene is
maintained
6) Pharmacy
 Most important department
 Distribution and dispensing of medicines
 Also distributes surgical material, Sterile solutions etc.

16. Supportive services
1) Laundry
 Supply clean and disinfected linen and cloths
 Usually washed by large washing machine or manually
 Sometimes it is outsourced
2) Record keeping department
 Registration of outpatient and inpatient (Admissions)
 Keeping record of patients
3) Transport
 Transport of patient inside or outside the hospital
 Has ambulances equipped with life saving instruments
 Also has wheelchairs, trollys, stretchers and other
vehicles

17. Supportive services
4) Maintenance
 Safe and economic operation of hospital facility and
equipments.
 Routinely and regularly maintenance is done
 Includes maintenance of machines, instruments,
infrastructure, electrical, sewage system
5) Education
 Hospital is linked with education of various stream of
students like medical, paramedical
 Training of students and research
6) Social service
 Creating awareness in the public about epidemic,
endemic or pandemic diseases
 Vaccination, health check up camps, free medicines
dispensing etc.

18. Supportive services
7) Mortuary
 Department where dead bodies are kept.
 Reportable deaths are investigated, autopsy or
respectful burial, cremation
8) Accounting
 Keeps record of income and expenditure.

19. Staffs involved in the hospital
Medical
 Doctors
 Nurses
 Pharmacist
Paramedical staff
 X-ray technician
 Physiotherapist
Others
 Dietician
 Nonmedical
 Administrative
assistants
 Clerk
 Attendant
 Peon
 Sweeper
 Cleaner

20. Functions of Medical Staff
1) Doctors
 Diagnosis and therapy of Patients
2) Nurses
 Provides care to the patient
3) Paramedical staff
 Help in diagnosis and therapy of patient
4) Pharmacist
 Provides counseling and dispense the medicine
5) Support staff
 Supports the smoothly running of hospital day to
day