This document provides information about hormonal contraceptives, including their classification, mechanisms of action, methods of use, advantages, and disadvantages. It discusses various oral contraceptive pills, including combined pills, phased pills, progestin-only pills, and emergency contraception pills. It also covers depot formulations like injectables, implants, and vaginal rings. The main mechanisms of action involve inhibiting gonadotropin release and thickening cervical mucus to prevent fertilization and implantation. Side effects can include nausea, headaches, weight gain, and increased risk of some diseases.
Hormonal contraception (Combined Hormonal Contraceptives)Naji Majid Ahmed
Combined Hormonal Contraceptives :
includes:
Combined Oral Contraceptives (Pills)
Contraceptive vaginal ring
Transdermal patch
2. Progestogen Only Contraceptions(POC):
includes:
Progestogen-only pill(POP)
Implant
Progestogen-only injectable
Progestogen-releasing intrauterine system(LNG–IUS)
Missed pills:
If one pill is missed, anywhere in the pack (ie more than 24 and up to 48 hours late):
The last pill missed should be taken now, even if it means taking two pills in one day.
The rest of the pack should be taken as usual.
No additional contraception is needed.
The seven-day break is taken as normal.
Emergency contraception is not needed if just one pill has been missed. However, it should be considered if other pills have been missed recently, either earlier in the current packet, or at the end of the previous packet.
Missed pills:
If two or more pills are missed (ie more than 48 hours late):
The last pill missed should be taken now, even if it means taking two pills in one day.
Any earlier missed pills should be left.
The rest of the pack should be taken as usual and additional precautions (eg, condoms or abstinence) should be taken for the next seven days.
The next step then depends on where in the packet the pills are missed:
The next step then depends on where in the packet the pills are missed:
If the pills are missed in the first week of a pack (pills 1-7): emergency contraception should be considered if the patient had unprotected sex in the pill-free interval or the first week of the pill packet. She should finish the packet and have the usual pill-free interval.
If the pills are missed in the second week of a pack (pills 8-14): there is no need for emergency contraception as long as the pills in the preceding seven days have been taken correctly. The packet should be finished and the usual pill-free interval taken.
If the pills are missed in the third week of a pack (pills 15-21): the next pack of pills should be started without a break - ie the pill-free interval is omitted. If taking a packet with dummy/placebo pills, these should be discarded, and the new packet started. Emergency contraception is not required.
If more than seven pills are missed, the woman should start again as if starting for the first time. (Exclude pregnancy, and start a new pack on the first day of the next menstrual period.)
short presentation an all the oral as well as injectable hormonal contraceptives, inclusive of their mechanism of actions , adverse effects and advantages.
Hormonal contraception (Combined Hormonal Contraceptives)Naji Majid Ahmed
Combined Hormonal Contraceptives :
includes:
Combined Oral Contraceptives (Pills)
Contraceptive vaginal ring
Transdermal patch
2. Progestogen Only Contraceptions(POC):
includes:
Progestogen-only pill(POP)
Implant
Progestogen-only injectable
Progestogen-releasing intrauterine system(LNG–IUS)
Missed pills:
If one pill is missed, anywhere in the pack (ie more than 24 and up to 48 hours late):
The last pill missed should be taken now, even if it means taking two pills in one day.
The rest of the pack should be taken as usual.
No additional contraception is needed.
The seven-day break is taken as normal.
Emergency contraception is not needed if just one pill has been missed. However, it should be considered if other pills have been missed recently, either earlier in the current packet, or at the end of the previous packet.
Missed pills:
If two or more pills are missed (ie more than 48 hours late):
The last pill missed should be taken now, even if it means taking two pills in one day.
Any earlier missed pills should be left.
The rest of the pack should be taken as usual and additional precautions (eg, condoms or abstinence) should be taken for the next seven days.
The next step then depends on where in the packet the pills are missed:
The next step then depends on where in the packet the pills are missed:
If the pills are missed in the first week of a pack (pills 1-7): emergency contraception should be considered if the patient had unprotected sex in the pill-free interval or the first week of the pill packet. She should finish the packet and have the usual pill-free interval.
If the pills are missed in the second week of a pack (pills 8-14): there is no need for emergency contraception as long as the pills in the preceding seven days have been taken correctly. The packet should be finished and the usual pill-free interval taken.
If the pills are missed in the third week of a pack (pills 15-21): the next pack of pills should be started without a break - ie the pill-free interval is omitted. If taking a packet with dummy/placebo pills, these should be discarded, and the new packet started. Emergency contraception is not required.
If more than seven pills are missed, the woman should start again as if starting for the first time. (Exclude pregnancy, and start a new pack on the first day of the next menstrual period.)
short presentation an all the oral as well as injectable hormonal contraceptives, inclusive of their mechanism of actions , adverse effects and advantages.
Hormonal contraceptive- medical information ( all about hormonal contracepti...martinshaji
Hormonal contraception refers to birth control methods that act on the endocrine system. Almost all methods are composed of steroid hormones, although in India one selective estrogen receptor modulator is marketed as a contraceptive.Hormonal methods of birth control prevent eggs from being released from the ovaries, thicken cervical mucus to prevent sperm from entering the uterus, and thin the lining of the uterus to prevent implantation. Hormone pills come in packs. Most packs contain 3 weeks of hormone pills.
this describes all the aspects of hormonal contraceptives in brief .
please comment
thank uuuuu
Hormonal contraceptive- medical information ( all about hormonal contracepti...martinshaji
Hormonal contraception refers to birth control methods that act on the endocrine system. Almost all methods are composed of steroid hormones, although in India one selective estrogen receptor modulator is marketed as a contraceptive.Hormonal methods of birth control prevent eggs from being released from the ovaries, thicken cervical mucus to prevent sperm from entering the uterus, and thin the lining of the uterus to prevent implantation. Hormone pills come in packs. Most packs contain 3 weeks of hormone pills.
this describes all the aspects of hormonal contraceptives in brief .
please comment
thank uuuuu
“Clinicians should proactively talk to their patients of reproductive age about ECPs and offer advance prescriptions for ECPs during routine gynecologic office visits….”
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feel free to Download and share this slide. You can leave comments for further improvement on other presentations. Thankyou. Cheers!
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feel free to Download and share this slide. You can leave comments for further improvement on other presentations. Thankyou. Cheers!
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feel free to Download and share this slide. You can leave comments for further improvement on other presentations. Thankyou. Cheers!
Here's a Presentation made by me on Drugs Used for Myocardial Infraction. This slide was created for Problem Based Learning (PBL) wrap up session Held At Kathmandu University- Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital (BMCTH).
feel free to Download and share this slide. You can leave comments so that i may improve on other presentations. Thankyou. Cheers!
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Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
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- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
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Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
2. Learning Objectives :
• Introduction
• Classification
• Mechanism of action
• Method of use
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Frequency of use
3. Introduction :
Hormonal preparation used for reversible suppression of fertility are
hormonal contraceptives.
Over 100 million women worldwide are currently using hormonal
contraceptives for;
• Pregnancy prevention
• Proper birth spacing
• Reduction of pregnancy related morbidity and mortality
• Reduced risk of cancer
5. Oral pills :
1. Combined (monophasic) pill:
• Most popular
• Contains an estrogen and progestin in fixed dose
• Common formulation - Ethinylestradiol (0.03mg) + Levonorgestrel (0.15mg)
• A package of 28 pills contains - 21 oral contraceptive pills and 7 brown film
coated ferrous fumarate tablets (60 mg)
6. • Method - One tablet taken daily for 21 days at night starting on 5th
day of menstruation followed by iron supplement in the gap of 7 days
of menstrual bleeding.
• Withdrawal bleeding
• If one pill missed, two tablets taken on the next day and continued as
usual.
7. 2. Phased pills :
• Permits reduction in total steroid dose without compromising the
efficacy.
• Mimicks normal hormonal pattern in menstrual cycle.
• Estrogen - constant or slightly variable (30-40 mcg)
• Progestin - low in first phase (50-75 mcg)
higher in second and third phases.(125 mcg)
• Recommendation -women over 35 years of age.
-with no withdrawal bleeding on monophasic pill.
-risk factors present.
8. 3. Progestin-only pills(minipill) :
• Eliminates the estrogen because of its many long term risks.
• Efficacy is lower and less popular.
4. Emergency Pill (post coital pill) :
• Standard regimen: Levonorgestrel 0.75mg 2 doses 12 hours apart. Or,
1.5mg single dose as soon as possible.
• Before 72 hours of unprotected intercourse.
9. Mechanism of action:
• Normal feedback inhibition of Gonadotropin releasing
• Progestin- reduces frequency of LH secretory pulses.
• Estrogen reduces FSH secretion
• Synergism inhibits Midcycle LH surge.
• Failure of ovulation
• Thick cervical mucus secretion
• Post coital pill- interfere with fertilization / implantation.
10. Depot formulation
1. Injectable
• Developed to obviate the need of daily ingestion of pills
• Long acting progestin only injections are used now.
Compounds marketed are:
(i) Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate 150- one intramuscular injection every 3
months.
(ii) Norethindrone enanthate 200-one intramuscular injection every 2 months.
(iii) Depo-subQ provera 104- one subcutaneous injection every 3 months.
11. 2. Implants
• Known as Norplant.
• Consists of 6 silicon rubber capsule containing 35 mg each of
Levonorgestrel.
• Implanted beneath the skin of fore arm or upper arm.
Drawback: -Irregular menstrual bleeding
-Surgical procedure required
12. 3. Vaginal ring
• Contains Levonergestrel .
• Slowly absorbed as through vaginal mucosa.
• Ring is worn in vagina for 3 weeks of cycle and removed for the
fourth.
14. References:
•Park’s textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine (24th
Edition) - K. Park
• Essentials of Medical Pharmacology (7th edition)- K.D
Tripathi
