Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions in response to external changes. It is regulated by the endocrine and nervous systems through negative feedback loops that keep variables like temperature, blood sugar, and pH levels within normal ranges. A breakdown in homeostasis can disrupt cellular functions and metabolic reactions, potentially leading to disease or death if not corrected. Key components of homeostasis include receptors that detect changes, control centers that process information and direct responses, and effectors that enact those responses.

1. HOMEOSTASIS
SARAH HAMID
M.Sc BIOTECHNOLOGY
PGY-1

2. WHAT IS HOMEOSTASIS ?
Homeostasis is the ability to maintain
internal stability in an organism in
response to the environmental
changes.
It’s a self regulating process that
controls internal variables necessary
to sustain life.
The endocrine system and the
nervous system are essential in
maintaining the homeostasis of the
body.

3. FUNCTION OF HOMEOSTASIS
The most important function
of homeostasis is to maintain a
balance within the body
regarding different factors like
temperature, salt
concentration, blood sugar
level, pH levels, etc.

4. COMPONENTS OF HOMEOSTASIS
RECEPTOR
THE CONTROL CENTRE
EFFECTOR

5. HOW DOES HOMEOSTASIS WORKS?

6. HOMEOSTASIS BREAKDOWN
When the cells in our body do not work correctly,
homeostatic balance is disrupted.
Homeostatic imbalance may lead to a state of
disease or death.
Factors that affect homeostasis-
• Genetics
• Physical conditions
• Diet and nutrition
• Side effects of medicines
• Toxins

7. FEEDBACK MECHANISMS
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
Negative feedback loops are used
to maintain homeostasis and
achieve a set point within a
system.
These can either suppress or
enhance the stimulus.

8. POSITIVE FEEDBACK
These have the ability to
maintain the direction of a
stimulus and can even
accelerate its effect.

10. EXAMPLES OF NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE
FEEDBACK
• BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL
• BODY TEMPERATURE
• UTERINE CONTRACTIONS
DURING CHILDBIRTH
• VOLUME OF BODY WATER
• BLOOD OXYGEN CONTENT

11. WHY IS HOMEOSTASIS NECESSARY?
• Homeostasis is very important because in
the wrong body conditions certain
processes and proteins/enzymes will not
function properly.
• All the metabolic reactions within our
body which are important for our survival
are carried out by certain enzymes which
function only under optimal conditions,
which are maintained through the
process of homeostasis.

12. CONCLUSION
• Homeostasis is a healthy state that is maintained by the constant
adjustment of biochemical and physiological pathways.
• Homeostasis is essential for the normal functioning of the human
body.
• Failure in maintaining the homeostatic conditions leads to disease
and may also cause death.
• Homeostasis has 3 main components-receptor, the control center and
effector.
• Homeostasis is maintained mainly by the negative feedback
mechanism but positive feedback is also used to maintain
homeostasis.