This document provides an overview of Hofstede's five cultural dimensions model. It describes each of the five dimensions: Power Distance, Individualism vs Collectivism, Masculinity vs Femininity, Uncertainty Avoidance, and Long Term vs Short Term Orientation. For each dimension, it outlines what the dimension refers to and how it was identified based on Hofstede's research analyzing survey responses from employees in many countries.
In their 40 page article, Stella Ting-Toomey and Leeva Chung discussed the factors that affect the formation of our ethnic and cultural identities, the role of the family as a framework of our society and possible scenarios when an individual migrates/encounters a different culture.
In their 40 page article, Stella Ting-Toomey and Leeva Chung discussed the factors that affect the formation of our ethnic and cultural identities, the role of the family as a framework of our society and possible scenarios when an individual migrates/encounters a different culture.
Culture is an important element embedded in the society in a firm manner. By nature, culture is known to be extremely complex and dynamic and is known to be having a significant impact on every single element, party and authority of the society. Culture is also known to be having a major contribution in the success of business organizations. Performance of business activities at the international level can contribute in providing new opportunities for business that can be exploited in order to initiate growth and earn more amount of profit. However, it is important to note that it is not an easy task and is affected by a number of challenges and risks that have to be dealt with by the business in order to be successful in the international market. One of such challenge is the barriers of culture. Differences in culture are known to be having differences in values, and at times, these differences end up being stark. In the business organizations, styles of marketing and communication are different in accordance with different cultural values. As a significant example, politeness being considered in the United States of America may not be considered polite in China. Hence, in order to deal with this problem, it is extremely important for learning the intricacies in culture with respect to the place at which business is being conducted.
Culture is an important element embedded in the society in a firm manner. By nature, culture is known to be extremely complex and dynamic and is known to be having a significant impact on every single element, party and authority of the society. Culture is also known to be having a major contribution in the success of business organizations. Performance of business activities at the international level can contribute in providing new opportunities for business that can be exploited in order to initiate growth and earn more amount of profit. However, it is important to note that it is not an easy task and is affected by a number of challenges and risks that have to be dealt with by the business in order to be successful in the international market. One of such challenge is the barriers of culture. Differences in culture are known to be having differences in values, and at times, these differences end up being stark. In the business organizations, styles of marketing and communication are different in accordance with different cultural values. As a significant example, politeness being considered in the United States of America may not be considered polite in China. Hence, in order to deal with this problem, it is extremely important for learning the intricacies in culture with respect to the place at which business is being conducted.
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Essay on Sociology Topics | Sociology Topics Essay for Students and .... Sociology Essay Topics. 100 Interesting Sociology Essay Topics - Last minute assignment help. First Sociology Essay - David Flynn 117451924 SC Karl Marx and The .... 11 Smart Sociology Research Topics That Will Get You an A | Sociology ....
G1375 · Index Youth & Families, FamiliesIssued February 2016.docxpauline234567
G1375 · Index: Youth & Families, Families
Issued February 2016
Cultural Competence
An Important Skill Set for the 21st Century
Maria Rosario T. de Guzman, Extension Specialist in Adolescence
Tonia R. Durden, Extension Specialist in Early Childhood Education
Sarah A. Taylor, Graduate Research Assistant
Jackie M. Guzman, Extension Educator
Kathy L. Potthoff, Extension Educator
Displaying the cultural competency behaviors of active listening, empathy, and effective engagement can help us to create a welcoming environment and establish the appreciation of similarities and differences among cultures.
Cultural competence is the ability of a person to effectively interact, work, and develop meaningful relationships with people of various cultural backgrounds. Cultural background can include the beliefs, customs, and behaviors of people from various groups. Gaining cultural competence is a lifelong process of increasing self-awareness, developing social skills and behaviors around diversity, and gaining the ability to advocate for others. It goes beyond tolerance, which implies that one is simply willing to overlook differences. Instead, it includes recognizing and respecting diversity through our words and actions in all contexts.
Why Is Cultural Competence Important?
Demographic shifts and an increasingly diverse population
The United States has always had an ethnically diverse population, including African Americans, Native Americans, and Japanese Americans, to name a few. In recent years, our country has undergone dramatic shifts in its population, particularly as rapid migration has changed its landscape. For example, the Hispanic population in the U.S. rose from approximately 12.5 percent in 1990 to over 16 percent by 2009, and is anticipated to comprise 25 percent of the population by 2050. The U.S. Census Bureau estimates that by 2043, the U.S. will become a “majority minority” country. This means that although the non-Hispanic white population will still be the biggest group, a single group will no longer make up the majority. More than 50 percent of the population will identify as belonging to an ethnic minority group or any group other than non-Hispanic white.
In other words, although we have always lived in an ethnically diverse society, we are all operating in an increasingly culturally diverse environment where we need to be able to interact, communicate, build relationships, and work effectively with people from diverse cultural and ethnic backgrounds. Moreover, those of us working with youth need to prepare them to operate in a society that will be even more diverse in terms of religion, ethnic background, and sexual orientation.
Societies are increasingly becoming globalized
Today’s world is diverse and global. Technology has made interactions across cultures around the world a very common experience. Social networking sites, blogs, and chat rooms are letting people regularly interact across national borders. Many industries currentl.
Culture is a way of life. The food you eat, the clothes you wear, the language you speak in and the God you worship all are aspects of culture. In very simple terms, we can say that culture is the embodiment of the way in which we think and do things. It is also the thing that we have inherited as members of society. All the achievements of human beings as members of social groups can be called culture. Art, music, literature, architecture, sculpture, philosophy, religion and science can be seen as aspects of culture. However, culture also includes the customs, traditions, festivals, ways of living and one’s outlook on various
issues of life.
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
1. What are Hofstede's five Cultural
Dimensions?
Why is culture so important? Every visitor from wherever in the world, has her or his unique
personality, history, and interest. Yet all people share a common human nature. Our shared
human nature is intensely social: we are group animals. We use language and empathy, and
practice collaboration and intergroup competition. But the unwritten rules of how we do these
things differ from one human group to another. "'Culture" is how we call these unwritten rules
about how to be a good member of the group. Culture provides moral standards about how to be
an upstanding group member; it defines the group as a “moral circle". It inspires symbols, heroes,
rituals, laws, religions, taboos, and all kinds of practices - but its core is hidden in unconscious
values. We tend to classify groups other than our own as inferior or (rarely) superior. This applies
to groups based on national, religious, or ethnic boundaries, but also on occupation or academic
discipline, on club membership, adored idol, or dress style. In our globalized world most of us can
belong to many groups at the same time. But to get things done, we still need to cooperate with
members of other groups carrying other cultures. Skills in cooperation across cultures are vital for
our common survival. The authors of this page are committed to the development of such
intercultural cooperation skills.
Culture
What is culture?
The word "culture" stems from a Latin root that means the tilling of the soil, like in
agriculture. In many modern languages the word is used in a figurative sense, with two
meanings:
1. The first, most common, meaning is "civilization", including education, manners,
arts and crafts and their products. It is the domain of a "ministry of culture".
2. The second meaning derives from social anthropology, but in the past decades it has
entered common parlance. It refers to the way people think, feel, and act. Geert has
defined it as "the collective programming of the mind distinguishing the members
of one group or category of people from another". The "category" can refer to
nations, regions within or across nations, ethnicities, religions, occupations,
organizations, or the genders. A simpler definition is 'the unwritten rules of the
social game'.
The two meanings should not be confused. Our work refers to culture in the second sense.
How did we acquire our collective programming?
Human culture is the result of hundreds of thousands of years of evolution. During most of
this time, competition between bands of gatherer-hunters was a powerful evolutionary
pressure. As a result our social and intellectual skills have become ever bigger. But we did
not lose the elements of our behaviour that identify us as social mammals. Fights for
2. dominance, competition for partners, a wish to belong and to know who does not belong all of these basic drives are alive in us. No wonder that culture revolves around basic issues
that have to do with group membership, authority, gender roles, morality, anxiety, emotions
and drives. Culture affects our love lives, our professional lives, our wars and our dreams.
An individual human being acquires most of her or his programming during childhood,
before puberty. In this phase of our lives we have an incredible capacity for absorbing
information and following examples from our social environment: our parents and other
elders, our siblings and playmates. But all of this is constrained by our physical
environment: its wealth or poverty, its threats or safety, its level of technology. All human
groups, from the nuclear family to society, develop cultures as they go. Culture is what
enables a group to function smoothly. Here are some prominent levels:
National level
Today's world population is divided into some 200 nations. Comparing nations has become
part of most social sciences. Some nations are more culturally homogeneous than others;
especially large nations like Brazil, China, India and Indonesia comprise culturally different
regions. Other culturally similar areas belong politically to different nations: this is in
particular the case in Africa. With these limitations, comparing national cultures is still a
meaningful and revealing venture. Research by Geert and others has shown that national
cultures differ in particular at the level of, usually unconscious, values held by a majority of
the population. Values, in this case, are "broad preferences for one state of affairs over
others". This differs from the often used meaning "cherished moral convictions", as in
"company values". The Hofstede dimensions of national cultures are rooted in our
unconscious values. Because values are acquired in childhood, national cultures are
remarkably stable over time; national values change is a matter of generations. What we see
changing around us, in response to changing circumstances are practices: symbols, heroes
and rituals, leaving the underlying values untouched. This is why differences between
countries often have such a remarkable historical continuity.
Organizational level
Many of us spend a large part of their time in organizations. Organizational cultures, the
way Geert uses the term, distinguish different organizations within the same country or
countries. Geert's research has shown that organizational cultures differ mainly at the level
of practices (symbols, heroes and rituals); these are more superficial and more easily
learned and unlearned than the values that form the core of national cultures. As a
consequence, the Hofstede dimensions of national cultures are not relevant for comparing
organizations within the same country. National cultures belong to anthropology;
organizational cultures to sociology. Because organizational cultures are rooted in
practices, they are to some extent manageable; national cultures, rooted in values, are given
facts for organization management.
Occupational level
Entering an occupational field like nursing or ICT implies acquiring a degree of mental
3. programming. Occupational cultures have symbols, heroes and rituals in common with
organizational cultures, but they also often imply holding certain values and convictions.
Occupational cultures in this respect take a position in between national and organizational
cultures. The culture of management as an occupation contains both national and
organizational elements.
Gender level
Gender differences are not usually described in terms of cultures. It can be revealing to do
so. If we recognize that within each society there may be a men's culture that differs from a
women's culture, this helps to explain why it is so difficult to change traditional gender
roles. Women and men are often technically able to perform the same jobs, but they do not
respond to the symbols, do not look like the heroes, do not share the rituals. Even if some
do, the other sex may not accept them in their deviant gender role. Feelings and fears about
behaviours by the opposite sex can be of the same order of intensity as reactions of people
exposed to foreign cultures. The degree of gender differentiation in a country is highly
dependent on its national culture.
Dimensions of national Cultures
Geert has operated in an international environment since 1965, and his curiosity as a social
psychologist led him to the comparison of nations, first as a travelling international staff
member of a multinational (IBM) and later as a visiting professor at an international
business school in Switzerland. His 1980 book Culture's Consequences combined his
personal experiences with the statistical analysis of two unique data bases. The first and
largest comprised answers of matched employee samples from 40 different countries to the
same attitude survey questions. The second consisted of answers to some of these same
questions by his executive students who came from 15 countries and from a variety of
companies and industries. Systematic differences between nations in these two data
bases occurred in particular for questions dealing with values. Values, in this case, are
"broad preferences for one state of affairs over others", and they are mostly unconscious.
4. * Description for listed below
Power Distance Index (PDI) that is the extent to which the less powerful members of
organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed
unequally. This represents inequality (more versus less), but defined from below, not from
above. It suggests that a society's level of inequality is endorsed by the followers as much
as by the leaders. Power and inequality, of course, are extremely fundamental facts of any
society and anybody with some international experience will be aware that 'all societies are
unequal, but some are more unequal than others'.
Individualism (IDV) on the one side versus its opposite, collectivism, that is the degree to
which individuals are inte-grated into groups. On the individualist side we find societies in
which the ties between individuals are loose: everyone is expected to look after him/herself
and his/her immediate family. On the collectivist side, we find societies in which people
from birth onwards are integrated into strong, cohesive in-groups, often extended families
(with uncles, aunts and grandparents) which continue protecting them in exchange for
unquestioning loyalty. The word 'collectivism' in this sense has no political meaning: it
refers to the group, not to the state. Again, the issue addressed by this dimension is an
extremely fundamental one, regarding all societies in the world.
Masculinity (MAS) versus its opposite, femininity, refers to the distribution of roles
between the genders which is another fundamental issue for any society to which a range of
solutions are found. The IBM studies revealed that (a) women's values differ less among
societies than men's values; (b) men's values from one country to another contain a
dimension from very assertive and competitive and maximally different from women's
values on the one side, to modest and caring and similar to women's values on the other.
5. The assertive pole has been called 'masculine' and the modest, caring pole 'feminine'. The
women in feminine countries have the same modest, caring values as the men; in the
masculine countries they are somewhat assertive and competitive, but not as much as the
men, so that these countries show a gap between men's values and women's values.
Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI) deals with a society's tolerance for uncertainty and
ambiguity; it ultimately refers to man's search for Truth. It indicates to what extent a culture
programs its members to feel either uncomfortable or comfortable in unstructured
situations. Unstructured situations are novel, unknown, surprising, different from usual.
Uncertainty avoiding cultures try to minimize the possibility of such situations by strict
laws and rules, safety and security measures, and on the philosophical and religious level
by a belief in absolute Truth; 'there can only be one Truth and we have it'. People in
uncertainty avoiding countries are also more emotional, and motivated by inner nervous
energy. The opposite type, uncertainty accepting cultures, are more tolerant of opinions
different from what they are used to; they try to have as few rules as possible, and on the
philosophical and religious level they are relativist and allow many currents to flow side by
side. People within these cultures are more phlegmatic and contemplative, and not expected
by their environment to express emotions.
Long-Term Orientation (LTO) versus short-term orientation: this fifth dimension was
found in a study among students in 23 countries around the world, using a questionnaire
designed by Chinese scholars It can be said to deal with Virtue regardless of Truth. Values
associated with Long Term Orientation are thrift and perseverance; values associated with
Short Term Orientation are respect for tradition, fulfilling social obligations, and protecting
one's 'face'. Both the positively and the negatively rated values of this dimension are found
in the teachings of Confucius, the most influential Chinese philosopher who lived around
500 B.C.; however, the dimension also applies to countries without a Confucian heritage.